Hubert Schardin
Encyclopedia
Hubert Schardin Hermann Reinhold (June 17, 1902 Plassow; † 27 September 1965 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German ballistics
expert, engineer and academic who studied in the field of Time-lapse
photography and high-frequency Cinematography
.
He also was the director of the German-French Research Institute (ISL) in Saint-Louis (France)
and founder and director of the Fraunhofer Society
for High-Speed Dynamics - Ernst-Mach-Institut (EMI) - in Freiburg in Breisgau.
and Fritz Ahlborn, which are published in more than 1,000 publications. He influenced the development of electro-and short-term closures, magneto-optical photography and Cinematography
with the help of an electric spark
and the X-ray flash.
He developed the short-term measurement, a first for the specific problems of ballistics certain discipline to a general scientific instrumentation and developed new application areas. Very
innovative was the development of a High speed camera
in 1929 with Carl Cranz (Cranz-Schardin camera). He also had significant impact on the development of the shaped charge explosives, which were later used by the military for armor-piercing weapons.
Since 1969, the International Congress for short Photography and Photonics (with the assistance of the Association short-time physics awarded) is awarding the Hubert Schardin Medal.
where he passed his final secondary-school examinations in 1922. He then studied physics at the Technical University of Berlin
-Charlottenburg where he took the diploma exam in the subject "Technical Physics" in 1926.
From 1927 to 1929 Schardin worked as private assistant and from 1930 to 1935 as a permanent assistant to the then leading ballistics Councilor Carl Cranz. In 1934 he graduated with honors on "On the Toepler Schlieren photography
" method for Cranz.
From autumn 1935 to spring 1936, Schardin accompanied his supervisor Cranz to China, where both built up a ballistic Institute in Nanking for the Chinese military. During his stay in China he received an appointment as head of the Institute for Technical Physics and ballistics of the Technical College of the Air Force (TAL) in Berlin-Gatow.
In November 1935 he returned to Germany, where he focused his work on ballistic studies and work on solids, especially glass and glass breakage.
On 1 December 1937 he was appointed as an associate professor, and in 1942 as a full professor at the Technical University Berlin (where he was active until 1945). At war's end, the Institute for Technical Physics and Ballistics in Gatow was transferred to Biberach an der Riß
Biberach, South Germany.
Schardin was invited by France to work with his team for the French government in the Alsatian Saint-Louis. He also was offered positions in the United States of America. Schardin chose to take the position in France. On 1 August 1945 he along with 32 other German scientists became a French civil servant working in Saint-Louis. He continued to live in Germany though, residing in Weil am Rhein
, not far from the French border.
Schardin, now director of science and technology, continued his studies at the Institute for the complex as well as glass breakage. In the environment of military research, he also studied explosions and detonations. From 1954 he conducted research mainly in the field of civil protection and civil defenses against nuclear weapons and their pressure effect.
Together with the French general engineer Robert Cassagnou, Schardin the Institute continued, until it was in 1959 - converted after two years of negotiation - to the German-French Research Institute of St. Louis (ISL) [4].
After initial restrictions imposed by the occupying Power, Schardin could lead to new work areas in the Department of Applied Physics, and later in the EMI after 1955.
Schardin was awarded for his successful glass physical examinations of the German Glass Technical Society in 1958, the "Georg-Gehlhoff-Ring" and the "Society of Motion Picture Television Engineers to" the Dupont Medal.
Starting in 1960, a former quarry in the experimental space near Efringen-Kirchen
was built to perform explosive and simulation studies.
In October 1964, Professor Schardin appointed as head of military technology in the Ministry of Defence of the Federal Republic of Germany.
On the occasion of his funeral on 3 October 1965 proved in Weil am Rhein, over 500 guests Schardin last respects, including Defense Minister Kai-Uwe von Hassel
.
Ballistics
Ballistics is the science of mechanics that deals with the flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, gravity bombs, rockets, or the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.A ballistic body is a body which is...
expert, engineer and academic who studied in the field of Time-lapse
Time-lapse
Time-lapse photography is a cinematography technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than that which will be used to play the sequence back. When replayed at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing...
photography and high-frequency Cinematography
Cinematography
Cinematography is the making of lighting and camera choices when recording photographic images for cinema. It is closely related to the art of still photography...
.
He also was the director of the German-French Research Institute (ISL) in Saint-Louis (France)
Saint-Louis, Haut-Rhin
Saint-Louis is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The inhabitants are called Ludoviciens.-Geography:...
and founder and director of the Fraunhofer Society
Fraunhofer Society
The Fraunhofer Society is a German research organization with 60 institutes spread throughout Germany, each focusing on different fields of applied science . It employs around 18,000, mainly scientists and engineers, with an annual research budget of about €1.65 billion...
for High-Speed Dynamics - Ernst-Mach-Institut (EMI) - in Freiburg in Breisgau.
Scientific importance
The main importance of Schardin's scientific activities is the short-time physics. He continued the researches of Ernst MachErnst Mach
Ernst Mach was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as the Mach number and the study of shock waves...
and Fritz Ahlborn, which are published in more than 1,000 publications. He influenced the development of electro-and short-term closures, magneto-optical photography and Cinematography
Cinematography
Cinematography is the making of lighting and camera choices when recording photographic images for cinema. It is closely related to the art of still photography...
with the help of an electric spark
Electric spark
An electric spark is a type of electrostatic discharge that occurs when an electric field creates an ionized electrically conductive channel in air producing a brief emission of light and sound. A spark is formed when the electric field strength exceeds the dielectric field strength of air...
and the X-ray flash.
He developed the short-term measurement, a first for the specific problems of ballistics certain discipline to a general scientific instrumentation and developed new application areas. Very
innovative was the development of a High speed camera
High speed camera
A high speed camera is a device used for recording fast moving objects as a photographic image onto a storage media. After recording, the images stored on the media can be played back in slow-motion...
in 1929 with Carl Cranz (Cranz-Schardin camera). He also had significant impact on the development of the shaped charge explosives, which were later used by the military for armor-piercing weapons.
Since 1969, the International Congress for short Photography and Photonics (with the assistance of the Association short-time physics awarded) is awarding the Hubert Schardin Medal.
Life
Schardin attended high school in SlupskSlupsk
Słupsk is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the northern part of Poland. Before 1 January 1999, it was the capital of the separate Słupsk Voivodeship. It is also a part of the historic region of Pomerania....
where he passed his final secondary-school examinations in 1922. He then studied physics at the Technical University of Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
-Charlottenburg where he took the diploma exam in the subject "Technical Physics" in 1926.
From 1927 to 1929 Schardin worked as private assistant and from 1930 to 1935 as a permanent assistant to the then leading ballistics Councilor Carl Cranz. In 1934 he graduated with honors on "On the Toepler Schlieren photography
Schlieren photography
Schlieren photography is a visual process that is used to photograph the flow of fluids of varying density. Invented by the German physicist August Toepler in 1864 to study supersonic motion, it is widely used in aeronautical engineering to photograph the flow of air around objects...
" method for Cranz.
From autumn 1935 to spring 1936, Schardin accompanied his supervisor Cranz to China, where both built up a ballistic Institute in Nanking for the Chinese military. During his stay in China he received an appointment as head of the Institute for Technical Physics and ballistics of the Technical College of the Air Force (TAL) in Berlin-Gatow.
In November 1935 he returned to Germany, where he focused his work on ballistic studies and work on solids, especially glass and glass breakage.
On 1 December 1937 he was appointed as an associate professor, and in 1942 as a full professor at the Technical University Berlin (where he was active until 1945). At war's end, the Institute for Technical Physics and Ballistics in Gatow was transferred to Biberach an der Riß
Biberach an der Riß
Biberach is a town in the south of Germany. It is the capital of Biberach district, in the Upper Swabia region of the German state of Baden-Württemberg...
Biberach, South Germany.
ISL Institute in Saint-Louis (France)
After the war a “competition” begun between the allies to get the knowledge of German scientists and engineers. So the Technical College of the Air Force, presided by Schardin, was focused by France and the USA.Schardin was invited by France to work with his team for the French government in the Alsatian Saint-Louis. He also was offered positions in the United States of America. Schardin chose to take the position in France. On 1 August 1945 he along with 32 other German scientists became a French civil servant working in Saint-Louis. He continued to live in Germany though, residing in Weil am Rhein
Weil am Rhein
Weil am Rhein is a German town and commune which is a suburb of the city of Basel in Switzerland. It is situated on the east bank of the River Rhine, and close to the point at which the Swiss, French and German borders meet. It is the most southwesterly town in Germany.-Geography:Weil am Rhein is...
, not far from the French border.
Schardin, now director of science and technology, continued his studies at the Institute for the complex as well as glass breakage. In the environment of military research, he also studied explosions and detonations. From 1954 he conducted research mainly in the field of civil protection and civil defenses against nuclear weapons and their pressure effect.
Together with the French general engineer Robert Cassagnou, Schardin the Institute continued, until it was in 1959 - converted after two years of negotiation - to the German-French Research Institute of St. Louis (ISL) [4].
EMI Institute in Freiburg
After the establishment of the ISL, Schardin was seeking immediately contact to the nearest German University in Freiburg in Breisgau. There he was appointed in 1947 in the Technical Physics at the Albert-Ludwigs-University Honorary Professor, where he founded the Department of Applied Physics. This division was spun off in 1959 from the Association of the University and in 1959 as Ernst-Mach Institute (EMI) into the Fraunhofer Society.After initial restrictions imposed by the occupying Power, Schardin could lead to new work areas in the Department of Applied Physics, and later in the EMI after 1955.
Schardin was awarded for his successful glass physical examinations of the German Glass Technical Society in 1958, the "Georg-Gehlhoff-Ring" and the "Society of Motion Picture Television Engineers to" the Dupont Medal.
Starting in 1960, a former quarry in the experimental space near Efringen-Kirchen
Efringen-Kirchen
Efringen-Kirchen is a town in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.-Fortifications:During World War I fortifications were built at Istein, these were destroyed at the end of the war. In 1936 plans were drawn up to turn the location into the "Gibraltar of the West" with two...
was built to perform explosive and simulation studies.
In October 1964, Professor Schardin appointed as head of military technology in the Ministry of Defence of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Death
Hubert Schardin since 1937, was married to Irma née Jacob and had four daughters. He died September 27, 1965 of a cardiac infarct.On the occasion of his funeral on 3 October 1965 proved in Weil am Rhein, over 500 guests Schardin last respects, including Defense Minister Kai-Uwe von Hassel
Kai-Uwe von Hassel
Kai-Uwe von Hassel was a German politician from Schleswig-Holstein associated with the CDU party.Von Hassel was born in Gare, German East Africa ....
.