Huda bin Abdul Haq - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Huda bin Abdul Haq (February 1960 – 9 November 2008) was an Indonesia

Indonesia

Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

n who was convicted and executed for his role in the 2002 Bali bombings. He was a senior and influential Jemaah Islamiah leader with ties to Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden was the founder of the militant Islamist organization Al-Qaeda, the jihadist organization responsible for the September 11 attacks on the United States and numerous other mass-casualty attacks against civilian and military targets...

Early life

Different reports place Muklas' birthdate at either 2 February or 9 February 1960, in Solokuro, Lamongan

Lamongan

Lamongan is a regency of East Java, Indonesia, with an area of .Lamongan Regency is surrounded by:*Northern side : Java Sea*Southern side : Regency of Mojokerto and Jombang*Eastern side : Gresik Regency...

, East Java

East Java

East Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and islands to its east and to its north East Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and...

. He attended the Al-Mukmin Islamic school

Al-Mukmin Islamic school

The Al-Mukmin Islamic boarding school also known as Pesantren Al-Mukmin and Pondok Ngruki, is a pesantren located in Ngruki, a suburb in the city of Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. It was founded 1972 by the alleged 'spiritual head' of Jemaah Islamiah, Abu Bakar Bashir, and by Abdullah Sungkar...

founded by Abu Bakar Bashir

Abu Bakar Bashir

Abu Bakar Bashir Abu Bakar Bashir Abu Bakar Bashir (also Abubakar Ba'asyir, Abdus Somad, and Ustad Abu ("Teacher Abu"), born 17 August 1938, is an Indonesian Muslim cleric and leader of the Indonesian Mujahedeen Council (MMI)....

with his brothers Amrozi and Ali Imron. He recruited these two brothers to manufacture the explosives and purchase the vehicles used in the 2002 Bali bombing

2002 Bali bombing

The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The attack was claimed as the deadliest act of terrorism in the history of Indonesia according to the current police general, killing 202 people,...

Afghanistan

After graduating from Al-Mukmin, Muklas sought to continue his Jihad

Jihad

Jihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād translates as a noun meaning "struggle". Jihad appears 41 times in the Quran and frequently in the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of God ". A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid; the plural is...

studies at various training camps in Afghanistan

Afghanistan

Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...

. He fought in the Afghanistan-Soviet civil war

Soviet war in Afghanistan

The Soviet war in Afghanistan was a nine-year conflict involving the Soviet Union, supporting the Marxist-Leninist government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against the Afghan Mujahideen and foreign "Arab–Afghan" volunteers...

between 1980 and 1989, as a member of Osama bin Laden's "International Brigade." Muklas admitted that he met with Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Laden

in 1987, and that; "he and other top JI personnel were careful to nurture ties to bin Laden and al-Qaida in the years that followed." Muklas secured the funds, through senior JI member Hambali, needed to perform the 2002 Bali bombing

2002 Bali bombing

Jemaah Islamiah

After the eventual defeat of the Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

and installation of the Taliban as Afghanistan's rulers, Muklas returned to South East Asia to conduct operations for Jemaah Islamiah. He was named head of JI's "Mantiqi One", a regional network covering Sumatra

Sumatra

Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the sixth largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 with a population of 50,365,538...

, Singapore

Singapore

Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...

, Malaysia and southern Thailand

Thailand

Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...

.

Muklas then co-founded an Islam

Islam

Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

ic school in Malaysia that was to be used as a local training ground for JI operatives.

Lukmanul Hakiem

In 1991, Muklas, at the behest of Abdullah Sungkar

Abdullah Sungkar

Abdullah Sungkar founded and led Jemaah Islamiyah, an Islamic terrorist and separatist organization. He was of Hadhrami Arab descent.-References:...

and Abu Bakar Bashir

Abu Bakar Bashir

founded Lukmanul Hakiem, a pesantren

Pesantren

Pesantren or Pondok Pesantren are Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. According to one popular tradition, the pesantren education system originated from traditional Javanese pondokan; dormitories; ashram for Hindu or viharas for Buddhists to learn religious philosophies, martial arts and...

or Islamic boarding school based on his old school at Ngruki

Al-Mukmin Islamic school

. It was created to link up with other madrassahs and serve to recruit future jihad

Jihad

ists. Lukmanul Hakiem employed Noordin Mohammad Top, a Malaysian national, as school principal and he used this role to recruit Muhammad Rais

Muhammad Rais

Muhammad Rais is an Indonesian convicted in May 2004 for involvement in the August 5 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing, which killed 12 people and wounded over 150. He is a member of Jemaah Islamiah and the brother-in-law of Noordin Mohammed Top...

and others for the 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing

2003 Marriott Hotel bombing

The 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing occurred on 5 August 2003 in Mega Kuningan, South Jakarta, Indonesia. A suicide bomber detonated a car bomb outside the lobby of the JW Marriott Hotel, killing twelve people and injuring 150. All those killed were Indonesian with the exception of one Dutch...

in Jakarta

Jakarta

Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...

.

Abu Bakar Bashir, Abdullah Sungkar, Muklas, Noordin Top, all taught at the school. JI bomb maker Azahari Husin

Azahari Husin

Dr. Azahari bin Husin was a Malaysian who was believed to be the technical mastermind behind the 2002 Bali bombing. He was killed in a police raid on his hideout in Indonesia in 2005. He was nicknamed the "Demolition Man".-History:He received extensive bomb training in Afghanistan...

served on the board of directors. Noordin Top was promoted to director, when Malaysian law was adjusted, however Muklas continued to operate as leader by proxy.

2002 Bali bombing

Muklas himself admitted to being present and in command at the planning meetings for the Bali bombings, and recruited two of his brothers to help assemble and transport the bombs used in the Bali attacks. A sum of money, amounting to approximately US $35,000 was contributed to the Bali bombings by Wan Min Wan Mat, a leader of the JI network in Malaysia. This money was transferred through Hambali, Jemaah Islamiah's head of operations. The money was provided in cash, specifically in US dollars, and according to claims by Muklas, the money was not just used for the bombings in Bali, but also in other attacks in Indonesia.

After acquiring the al Qaeda funds, Muklas recruited two of his brothers to handle the logistics of the bomb plot. Younger brother Amrozi, who is also situated on "death row" for his conviction in the attack, personally selected the Mitsubishi

Mitsubishi

The Mitsubishi Group , Mitsubishi Group of Companies, or Mitsubishi Companies is a Japanese multinational conglomerate company that consists of a range of autonomous businesses which share the Mitsubishi brand, trademark and legacy...

van that was to be used outside the Sari Club

Sari Club

The Sari Club was a nightclub in Kuta Beach, Bali, Indonesia, which was at the center of the 2002 Bali bombing. It was a popular club for tourists, especially from Australia....

. Amrozi also assembled the car bomb, and backpack bomb used at Paddy's Pub, in an empty warehouse in Denpasar

Denpasar

Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It has a rapidly expanding population of 788,445 in 2010, up from 533,252 in the previous decade. It is located at .-History:...

, Bali

Bali

Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...

's capital city.

Capture

In December 2002, Muklas was arrested while hiding in Java

Java

Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 135 million , it is the world's most populous island, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is in west Java...

. He confessed to police that he was the head of one of Jemaah Islamiah's four cells and had ordered the Bali bombings. He admitted to being present and in command at the planning meetings for the Bali bombings, and that he had recruited two of his brothers to help assemble and transport the bombs used in the attacks.

He also confessed that another Jemaah Islamiah leader Riduan Isamuddin

Riduan Isamuddin

Riduan Isamuddin also transliterated as Riduan Isamudin, Riduan Isomuddin, and Riduan Isomudin, better known by the nom de guerre Hambali, born as Encep Nurjaman, born April 4, 1964 is the former military leader of the Indonesian terrorist organization Jemaah Islamiyah , which is linked with Al...

, (a.k.a. Hambali), had provided the funds for the attacks. In a transcript of his police interview he explained;

"I do not know for sure the source of the aforementioned money from Hambali, most probably it was from Afghanistan, that is, from Sheikh Osama bin Laden. As far as I know, Hambali did not have a source of funds except from Afghanistan."

A JI leader in Malaysia, Wan Min bin Wan Mat, later revealed to police that he had given Muklas cash amounting to approximately US $35,000 for the operation, at Hambali's request. He also asserted that the money had come directly from al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda is a global broad-based militant Islamist terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden sometime between August 1988 and late 1989. It operates as a network comprising both a multinational, stateless army and a radical Sunni Muslim movement calling for global Jihad...

, and that the money was not just to be used for the bombings in Bali, but also for other attacks in Indonesia.

At his trial, two hundred witnesses linked Muklas with the attacks.

Trial and sentence

On 2 October 2003, before a panel of five Indonesian judges, Muklas was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was the third Bali bomber to receive the death penalty after his brother Amrozi and Imam Samudra. Judge Cokorda Rai Suamba summed up the trial with; "The defendant has been legally and convincingly proven guilty of having, together with the others, planned an act of terrorism and also of being in illegal possession of explosives, We punish the defendant with the death sentence.'

Muklas showed no remorse during the proceedings and used his time in court to denounce George W. Bush

George W. Bush

George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....

and the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. He declared that the terrorist atrocity was "carried out to avenge the suffering of Muslims at the hands of America and Israel."

Upon hearing the sentence he immediately started screaming "Allahu Akbar" and began doing star jumps. He then hugged his lawyers and told the court the judgement was made under laws he did not believe in. Despite his professed wish to die as a martyr, he like Amrozi and Samudra appealed against the sentence. During the trial Muklas showed no remorse for the attacks and like other Bali suspects, used court appearances to verbally attack the United States.

Execution

Originally incarcerated in Denpasar

Denpasar

Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It has a rapidly expanding population of 788,445 in 2010, up from 533,252 in the previous decade. It is located at .-History:...

's prison, he was moved to the high-security prison island of Nusakambangan in October 2005.

Together with the two other bombers who received death sentences, he launched a constitutional challenge against the use of firing squads. Mukhlas preferred beheading.

In October 2008 he remained unrepentant and claimed revenge would be taken for his death. During the month, his final appeals were rejected and the Attorney General's office announced that he would be executed by firing squad in early November 2008.

According to a source in Indonesia's Attorney General Office, the execution were to be done before the end of Sunday, 9 November 2008. This was reportedly delayed from the original plan to allow a representative from the family to identify the body post-execution. From Mukhlas's family, his younger brother, Ali Fauzi were sent as a representative of his family.

Mukhlas, along with Amrozi bin Nurhasyim

Amrozi bin Nurhasyim

Ali Amrozi bin Haji Nurhasyim was an Indonesian executed for his part in the 2002 Bali bombings.-Early life:...

and Imam Samudra were shot on 00.15 local time

UTC+7

UTC+07:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +07:00. In ISO 8601 the associated time would be written as .Also known as Indochina Time , it is used in:-As standard time :*Australia...

on 9 November 2008. They were executed by firing squad.

External links

"Terrorism in Indonesia: Noordins Networks", International Crisis Group
International Crisis Group
The International Crisis Group is an international, non-profit, non-governmental organization whose mission is to prevent and resolve deadly conflicts around the world through field-based analyses and high-level advocacy.-History:...
"Combating JI in Indonesia" Ng Boon Yian
Jemaah Islamiyah Shown to Have Significant Ties to al Qaeda
Learning by Doing:Al Qaeda's Allies in Southeast Asia
Terrorism Perpetrated and Terrorists Apprehended
Interpol notice on Muklas

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