Hulusi Salih Pasha
Encyclopedia
Salih Hulusi Pasha also known as Salih Hulusi Kezrak, was one of the last grand viziers
of the Ottoman Empire
, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 8 March 1920 and 2 April 1920. Since he had been unable to form a government, and as part of the chain of events following the occupation of İstanbul
by the Allies
(particularly the arrests of a number of deputies of the Ottoman Parliament), he was dismissed from office by the sultan under foreign pressure on 2 April. His dismissal was to be followed by the official closure of the Parliament itself on 5 April, thus putting an end to the Second Constitutional Era in the Ottoman Empire
.
In terms of effective shaping of policies by the remaining Ottoman state structure, his office (as well as his predecessor Ali Rıza Pasha
's) are usually considered as mere intervals between the two offices of Damat Ferid Pasha
, the signatory of the Treaty of Sèvres
.
Prior to his grand vizierate, Hulusi Salih Pasha held the office of the Minister of the Marine under two preceding governments and also under his successor Ahmed Tevfik Pasha
. At a time when Turkey had two governments, he was often charged with contacts with the rising Ankara
governments set up by Mustafa Kemal Pasha. With the end of the Ottoman dynasty, Hulusi Salih Pasha retired from politics and, after having adopted the surname "Kezrak" under the 1934 Law on Family Names in Turkey, died in 1939 in İstanbul.
Grand Vizier
Grand Vizier, in Turkish Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam , deriving from the Arabic word vizier , was the greatest minister of the Sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself...
of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 8 March 1920 and 2 April 1920. Since he had been unable to form a government, and as part of the chain of events following the occupation of İstanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
by the Allies
Allies of World War I
The Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The members of the Triple Entente were the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire; Italy entered the war on their side in 1915...
(particularly the arrests of a number of deputies of the Ottoman Parliament), he was dismissed from office by the sultan under foreign pressure on 2 April. His dismissal was to be followed by the official closure of the Parliament itself on 5 April, thus putting an end to the Second Constitutional Era in the Ottoman Empire
Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)
The Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire began shortly after Sultan Abdülhamid II restored the constitutional monarchy after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. The period established many political groups...
.
In terms of effective shaping of policies by the remaining Ottoman state structure, his office (as well as his predecessor Ali Rıza Pasha
Ali Riza Pasha
Ali Riza Pasha was one the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, between 14 October 1919 and 2 March 1920....
's) are usually considered as mere intervals between the two offices of Damat Ferid Pasha
Damat Ferid Pasha
Damad Ferid Pasha was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of grand vizier during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920...
, the signatory of the Treaty of Sèvres
Treaty of Sèvres
The Treaty of Sèvres was the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany before this treaty to annul the German concessions including the economic rights and enterprises. Also, France, Great Britain and Italy...
.
Prior to his grand vizierate, Hulusi Salih Pasha held the office of the Minister of the Marine under two preceding governments and also under his successor Ahmed Tevfik Pasha
Ahmed Tevfik Pasha
Ahmed Tevfik Pasha was the last Ottoman grand vizier. Ahmed Tevfik Pasha held office four times, from 13 April 1909 to 5 May 1909 under Abdulhamid II, and then under Mehmed V Reşad...
. At a time when Turkey had two governments, he was often charged with contacts with the rising Ankara
Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
governments set up by Mustafa Kemal Pasha. With the end of the Ottoman dynasty, Hulusi Salih Pasha retired from politics and, after having adopted the surname "Kezrak" under the 1934 Law on Family Names in Turkey, died in 1939 in İstanbul.