Humboldtianidae
Encyclopedia
Humboldtianidae is an American family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...

 pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea
Helicoidea
Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.-Families:There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to Bouchet & Rocroi .* Helicidae...

 (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

).

Anatomy

The anatomy of this family is defined by the presence of a diverticulum
Diverticulum
A diverticulum is medical or biological term for an outpouching of a hollow structure in the body. Depending upon which layers of the structure are involved, they are described as being either true or false....

 and three to four dart apparatuses (the love dart
Love dart
A love dart is a hard, long, sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship, before actual mating takes place...

 is used in mating behaviour). They always have the same number of dart sacs and mucus glands, with two darts per dart sac. The mucus glands are situated on, and open into, the vagina, above the dart sac.
Shape of love dart Species
Humboldtiana nuevoleonis
Humboldtiana nuevoleonis
Humboldtiana nuevoleonis is a species of American air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Humboldtianidae.-Anatomy:Snails in this species create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior....


Taxonomy

The Humboldtianidae family is classified within the clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...

 Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder...

 within the clade Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata
The Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions.-Linnean taxonomy:...

 (according taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

).

The family Humboldtianidae consists of the following subfamilies:
  • subfamily Bunnyinae H. Nordsieck, 1987
  • subfamily Humboldtianinae Pilsbry, 1939

Genera

There are only 2 genera in the family Humboldtianidae:
  • genus Bunnya H. B. Baker, 1942 - type genus of the subfamily Bunnyinae
  • genus Humboldtiana
    Humboldtiana
    Humboldtiana is a genus of American air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Humboldtianidae.-Anatomy:Snails in this genus create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior....

    Ihering, 1892 - type genus of the family Humboldtianidae
    • subgenus Oreades Thompson & Brewer, 2000
    • subgenus Polyomphala Thompson & Brewer, 2000
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