Hungarian National Party (Czechoslovakia)
Encyclopedia
Hungarian National Party was one of political parties of ethnic Hungarians
in the First Republic of Czechoslovakia
.
The party was founded in February 1920 in Komárno
as party of smallholders, under name Országos Magyar Kisgazda és Földműves Párt. Since May 1925 it used name Országos Magyar Kisgazda, Földműves és Kisiparos Párt often abbreviated as Magyar Kisgazda Párt (Hungarian Party of Smallholders). In 1925 the name was changed to Magyar Nemzeti Párt. On June 21, 1936 the party merged with Országos Keresztényszocialista Párt (OKSZP, Provincial Christian-Socialist Party
), another large Hungarian party into Egyesült Magyar Párt (EMP, United Hungarian Party) led by János Esterházy
as national executive chairman (until then leader of OKSZP) and Andor Jaross
as national chairman. The main objective of the party was initially an autonomy for ethnically Hungarian parts in Slovakia
. This stance was later revised, and the party advocated a revision of the Trianon Treaty. In the economic sphere, the party advocated free market
and called for government support for smallholders and peasants.
After establishment of Slovak State (1939) which had about 65,000 ethnic Hungarians the party (under name Szlovenskói Magyar Párt, Hungarian Party in Slovakia) remained as one of few allowed political parties (the others being Hlinka's Slovak People's Party and Deutsche Partei of ethnic Germans in Slovakia
). During Slovak National Uprising
(1944) the party was banned on the area controlled by insurgents. The ban was reconfirmed after the end of World War II
.
Hungarians in Slovakia
Hungarians in Slovakia are the largest ethnic minority of the country, numbering 520,528 people or 9.7% of population . They are concentrated mostly in the southern part of the country, near the border with Hungary...
in the First Republic of Czechoslovakia
First Republic of Czechoslovakia
-Independence:The Czechoslovak declaration of independence was published by the Czechoslovak National Council, signed by Masaryk, Štefánik and Beneš on October 18, 1918 in Paris, and proclaimed on October 28 in Prague...
.
The party was founded in February 1920 in Komárno
Komárno
Komárno is a town in Slovakia at the confluence of the Danube and the Váh rivers. Komárno was formed from part of a historical town in Hungary situated on both banks of the Danube. Following World War I, the border of the newly created Czechoslovakia cut the historical, unified town in half,...
as party of smallholders, under name Országos Magyar Kisgazda és Földműves Párt. Since May 1925 it used name Országos Magyar Kisgazda, Földműves és Kisiparos Párt often abbreviated as Magyar Kisgazda Párt (Hungarian Party of Smallholders). In 1925 the name was changed to Magyar Nemzeti Párt. On June 21, 1936 the party merged with Országos Keresztényszocialista Párt (OKSZP, Provincial Christian-Socialist Party
Provincial Christian-Socialist Party
The Provincial Christian-Socialist Party was the main political party of ethnic Hungarians in the First Republic of Czechoslovakia.It was founded on 23 November 1919 in Košice, by the merger of Catholic associations from Bratislava and Košice, but the first party convention took place in...
), another large Hungarian party into Egyesült Magyar Párt (EMP, United Hungarian Party) led by János Esterházy
János Esterházy
Count János Esterházy a member of the House of Esterházy was the most prominent ethnic Hungarian politician in former Czechoslovakia...
as national executive chairman (until then leader of OKSZP) and Andor Jaross
Andor Jaross
Andor Jaross was an ethnic Hungarian politician from Slovakia and collaborator with the Nazis....
as national chairman. The main objective of the party was initially an autonomy for ethnically Hungarian parts in Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
. This stance was later revised, and the party advocated a revision of the Trianon Treaty. In the economic sphere, the party advocated free market
Free market
A free market is a competitive market where prices are determined by supply and demand. However, the term is also commonly used for markets in which economic intervention and regulation by the state is limited to tax collection, and enforcement of private ownership and contracts...
and called for government support for smallholders and peasants.
After establishment of Slovak State (1939) which had about 65,000 ethnic Hungarians the party (under name Szlovenskói Magyar Párt, Hungarian Party in Slovakia) remained as one of few allowed political parties (the others being Hlinka's Slovak People's Party and Deutsche Partei of ethnic Germans in Slovakia
Carpathian Germans
Carpathian Germans , sometimes simply called Slovak Germans , are a group of German language speakers on the territory of present-day Slovakia...
). During Slovak National Uprising
Slovak National Uprising
The Slovak National Uprising or 1944 Uprising was an armed insurrection organized by the Slovak resistance movement during World War II. It was launched on August 29 1944 from Banská Bystrica in an attempt to overthrow the collaborationist Slovak State of Jozef Tiso...
(1944) the party was banned on the area controlled by insurgents. The ban was reconfirmed after the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
Literature
- Publications by historian Ladislav Deák (Slovak Academy of SciencesSlovak Academy of SciencesThe Slovak Academy of Sciences SAV is the main scientific and research institution in Slovakia fostering basic and strategic basic research...
).