Hungarian nationalism
Encyclopedia
Hungarian nationalism developed in the early nineteenth century along the classic lines of scholarly interest leading to political nationalism and mass participation.
(natio Hungarica) based on the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
and not tied to a Hungarian (Magyar) ethnicity was accepted in Szatmar Treaty
of 1711 and in the Pragmatic Sanction
of 1722. But this concept of a multi-ethnic Hungary disintegrated with the rise of ethnic nationalism
in the 19th century, culminating in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
.
The development of Magyar ethnic nationalism from the earlier conception of a multi-ethnic Hungarian nation is associated with Lajos Kossuth
, who denied the existence of a Slovak
nation in Hungary.
Hungarian ethnic nationalism developed into "Turanism
" in the early 20th century, which was the form nationalism took during the period of Hungarian fascism
in the 1930s, and again after the collapse of Communist Hungary in the contemporary ethnic nationalism advocated by Jobbik.
History
The conception of a Hungarian nationHungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
(natio Hungarica) based on the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
The historical term Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen was used to denote a group of territories connected to the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary...
and not tied to a Hungarian (Magyar) ethnicity was accepted in Szatmar Treaty
Treaty of Szatmár
The Treaty of Szatmár was signed at Szatmár on April 30, 1711 between Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, Hungarian Commander-in-Chief Sándor Károlyi and Imperial Field Marshal János Pálffy. Based on the terms of the accord, Charles promised to maintain the integrity of both Transylvanian and...
of 1711 and in the Pragmatic Sanction
Pragmatic sanction
A pragmatic sanction is a sovereign's solemn decree on a matter of primary importance and has the force of fundamental law. In the late history of the Holy Roman Empire it referred more specifically to an edict issued by the Emperor....
of 1722. But this concept of a multi-ethnic Hungary disintegrated with the rise of ethnic nationalism
Ethnic nationalism
Ethnic nationalism is a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity. Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic nationalism always includes some element of descent from previous generations and the implied claim of ethnic essentialism, i.e...
in the 19th century, culminating in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many of the European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas...
.
The development of Magyar ethnic nationalism from the earlier conception of a multi-ethnic Hungarian nation is associated with Lajos Kossuth
Lajos Kossuth
Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician and Regent-President of Hungary in 1849. He was widely honored during his lifetime, including in the United Kingdom and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe.-Family:Lajos...
, who denied the existence of a Slovak
Slovaks
The Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
nation in Hungary.
Hungarian ethnic nationalism developed into "Turanism
Hungarian Turanism
Hungarian Turanism is a Hungarian nationalist ideology which stresses the alleged origins of the Hungarian people in the steppes of Central Asia and the affinity of the Hungarians with Asian peoples such as the Turks. The idea of the necessity of "Turanian brotherhood/collaboration" was borrowed...
" in the early 20th century, which was the form nationalism took during the period of Hungarian fascism
Fascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
in the 1930s, and again after the collapse of Communist Hungary in the contemporary ethnic nationalism advocated by Jobbik.
Hungarian vs. Magyar
Term Hungarian referred to a form of human identity based on where people lived, not what language they spoke. According to Paul Ignotus the terms of Hungarian and Magyar were synonymous until the the end of the 18th century. Later the Magyar developed more restricted meaning, however Hungarians maintained the broader meaning of those who lived in the Kingdom of Hungary. With the rise of nationalism, Magyars began to feel themselves true Hungarians because they thought they spoke the true language of Hungary.See also
- Greater Hungary (political concept)Greater Hungary (political concept)Greater Hungary is the informal name of the territory of Hungary before the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. After 1920, between the two World Wars, the official political goal of the Hungary was to restore those borders. After World War II, Hungary abandoned this policy, and today it only remains a...
- Hungarian Revolution of 1848Hungarian Revolution of 1848The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many of the European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas...
- Magyarisation
- Doctrine of the Holy Crown
- National symbols of HungaryNational symbols of HungaryThe national symbols of Hungary are flags, icons or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Hungary or Hungarian culture...