Hygromiidae
Encyclopedia
Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snail
Land snail
A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...

s, terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...

 pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea
Helicoidea
Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.-Families:There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to Bouchet & Rocroi .* Helicidae...

.

Anatomy

Some snails in genera within this family create and use love dart
Love dart
A love dart is a hard, long, sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship, before actual mating takes place...

s as part of their courtship and mating behavior.

In this family, the number of haploid chromosome
Chromosome
A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...

s lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).

Taxonomy

The family Hygromiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

):
  • subfamily Hygromiinae Tryon, 1866
    • tribe Hygromiini Tryon, 1866 - synonym: Cernuellini Schileyko, 1991
    • tribe Archaicini Schileyko, 1978
    • tribe Helicellini Ihering, 1909 - synonym: Jacostidae Pilsbry, 1948 (inv.)
    • tribe Leptaxini C. Boettger, 1909
    • tribe Metafruticicolini Schileyko, 1972
    • tribe Trochulini Lindholm, 1927 - synonym: Trichiinae Ložek, 1956; Helicopsini H. Nordsieck, 1987

  • subfamily Ciliellinae Schileyko, 1970 - synonym: Canariellini Schileyko, 1991

  • subfamily Geomitrinae C. Boettger, 1909
    • tribe Geomitrini C. Boettger, 1909 - synonym: Ochthephilinae Zilch, 1960 (n.a.)
    • tribe Paedhoplitini Schileyko, 1978
    • tribe Trochoideini H. Nordsieck, 1987

  • subfamily Monachainae Wenz, 1930 (1904) - Carthusianini Kobelt, 1904; Euomphaliinae Schileyko, 1978; Hesseolinae schileyko, 1991

  • subfamily Ponentininae Schileyko, 1991

Genera

Genera with the family Hygromiidae include:

The type genus of this family is Hygromia
Hygromia
Hygromia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Hygromia include:* Hygromia cinctella Draparnaud, 1801...

Risso, 1826.

subfamily Hygromiinae
  • Lozekia Hudec, 1970
  • Noneulota Schileyko & Horsák, 2007

  • tribe Hygromiini
    • Hygromia
      Hygromia
      Hygromia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Hygromia include:* Hygromia cinctella Draparnaud, 1801...

      Risso, 1826
    • Zenobiella Gude & Woodward, 1921 - with the only species Zenobiella subrufescens
      Zenobiella subrufescens
      Zenobiella subrufescens is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae.Zenobiella subrufescens is the only species in the genus Zenobiella.-Distribution:...

      (Miller, 1822)
    • Cernuella
      Cernuella
      Cernuella is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies...

      Schlüter, 1838
      • subgenus Xerocincta Monterosato, 1892

  • tribe Archaicini

  • tribe Helicellini
    • Helicella
      Helicella
      Helicella is a genus of small to medium-sized, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Helicella include:...

      Férussac, 1821
    • Candidula
      Candidula
      Candidula is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Candidula include:* Candidula arganica...

      Kobelt, 1871
    • Cernuella
      Cernuella
      Cernuella is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies...

      Schlüter, 1838
    • Xerolenta
      Xerolenta
      Xerolenta is a genus of air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Hygromiidae.- Species :Species in the genus Xerolenta include:* Xerolenta macedonica * Xerolenta obvia...

      Monterosato, 1892
    • Xeromunda
      Xeromunda
      Xeromunda is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae.Species of snails in this genus make and use love darts as part of their mating behavior....

      Monterosato, 1892
    • Xeropicta
      Xeropicta
      Xeropicta is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.- Distribution :...

      Monterosato, 1892
    • Xerotricha
      Xerotricha
      Xerotricha is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae.- Species :Species in the genus Xerotricha include:* Xerotricha adoptata...

      Monterosato, 1892

  • tribe Leptaxini
    • Pseudotrichia Likharev, 1949
    • Monachoides
      Monachoides
      Monachoides is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.Some species of snails in this genus create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior....

      Gude & Woodward, 1921

  • tribe Metafruticicolini
    • Metafruticicola Ihering, 1892

  • tribe Trochulini
    • Trochulus Chemnitz, 1786 - synonym: Trichia

  • tribe incerta
    • Xerosecta
      Xerosecta
      Xerosecta is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae.Snails in this genus create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior.-Species within the genus Xerosecta:...

      Monterosato, 1892
      • Xeromagna Monterosato, 1892
    • Microxeromagna Ortiz De Zárate López, 1950


subfamily Ciliellinae
  • Canariella
    Canariella
    Canariella is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Canariella include 11 species:...

    Hesse, 1918


subfamily Geomitrinae
  • tribe Geomitrini
    • Actinella
      Actinella
      Actinella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:The genus Actinella contains the following species:* Actinella actinophora...

      R. T. Lowe, 1852
    • Caseolus
      Caseolus
      Caseolus is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae.The name Caseolus is masculine and means "little cheese", based on the shape of the shell of this species.-Species:...

      R. T. Lowe, 1852
    • Discula
      Discula
      Discula is a genus of small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Shell description:...

      R. T. Lowe, 1852
    • Disculella
      Disculella
      Disculella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies....

      Pilsbry, 1895
    • Hystricella R. T. Lowe 1855
    • Geomitra
      Geomitra
      Geomitra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Geomitra include:* Geomitra delphinuloides Geomitra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial...

      Swainson, 1840
    • Heterostoma W. Hartmann, 1843
    • Hystricella R. T. Lowe, 1855
    • Lemniscia
      Lemniscia
      Lemniscia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Lemniscia include:* Lemniscia calva...

      R. T. Lowe, 1855
    • Moreletina de Frias Martins, 2002
    • Pseudocampylaea
      Pseudocampylaea
      Pseudocampylaea is a genus of land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae.-Species:It contains the following species:* Pseudocampylaea portosanctana - type species* Pseudocampylaea loweii...

      L. Pfeiffer, 1877
    • Serratorotula
      Serratorotula
      Serratorotula is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-References:*...

      Groh & Hemmen, 1986
    • Spirorbula
      Spirorbula
      Spirorbula is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Distribution:Distribution of the genus Spirorbula include from Madeira and Porto Sancto....

      R. T. Lowe, 1852

  • tribe Paedhoplitini
  • tribe Trochoideini
    • Trochoidea
      Trochoidea (genus)
      Trochoidea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae.The name means "those that are shaped like a top"....

      T. Brown, 1827
    • Xerocrassa
      Xerocrassa
      Xerocrassa is a genus of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Hygromiidae.Some species of Xerocrassa are also referred to as belonging to the subgenus Xerocrassa, within the genus Trochoidea; those species are also known under the generic name...

      Monterosato, 1892


subfamily Monachainae
    • Monacha
      Monacha
      Monacha is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.- Distribution :...

      • subgenus Eutheba Nordsieck, 1993
    • Ashfordia
      Ashfordia
      Ashfordia is a genus of small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails.This genus is sometimes not separated out from the genus Monacha.-External links :*...

      Taylor, 1917


subfamily Ponentininae
  • Plentuisa Puente & Prieto, 1992
  • Ponentina
    Ponentina
    Ponentina is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within this genus include: * Ponentina martigena...

    P. Hesse, 1921


subfamily ?
    • Euomphalia
      Euomphalia
      Euomphalia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-References:*...

    • Helicodonta
      Helicodonta
      Helicodonta obvoluta, common name the "cheese snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies....

    • Helicopsis
      Helicopsis
      Helicopsis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Helicopsis include:* Helicopsis conopsis...

    • Perforatella
      Perforatella
      Perforatella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.This genus of snails is native to northeastern Europe to the Caucasus and Siberia....

    • Petasina
      Petasina
      Petasina is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.- Species :This genus contains the following species:...

    • Plicuteria
    • Montserratina
      Montserratina
      Montserratina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies....

    • Urticicola
      Urticicola
      Urticicola is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.-References:*...


External links

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