Hyles tithymali is a moth

Moth

A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Moths form the majority of this order; there are thought to be 150,000 to 250,000 different species of moth , with thousands of species yet to be described...

 of the family Sphingidae

Sphingidae

Sphingidae is a family of moths , commonly known as hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms, that includes about 1,200 species . It is best represented in the tropics but there are species in every region . They are moderate to large in size and are distinguished among moths for their rapid,...

. It is found in North Africa

North Africa

North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...

, the Canary Islands

Canary Islands

The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...

, Madeira

Madeira

Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago that lies between and , just under 400 km north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the north Atlantic Ocean and an outermost region of the European Union...

, some islands in the Mediterranean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant...

 and in the mountains in Jemen.
The length of the forewings is 45-85 mm.

The larvae feed on Euphorbia.

It is thought that Hyles tithymali had a much larger range in Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

, but has been pushed further south after the cooling ca. 3600 years ago. Its place has been taken over by Hyles euphorbiae

Hyles euphorbiae

The Spurge Hawk-moth is a European moth of the family Sphingidae. This hawk moth is used as an agent of biological pest control against the noxious weed known as leafy spurge , but usually only in conjunction with other agents...

, which is more resistant to the cold. Because of this, many isolated populations exist today, many of which have developed to distinct subspecies.

Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognised:

• H. t. tithymali (Boisduval, 1834)
• H. t. mauretanica (Staudinger, 1871) (North Africa)
• H. t. deserticola (Staudinger, 1901) (North Africa)
• H. t. gecki (de Freina, 1991) (Madeira)
• H. t. phaelipae (Gil-T. & Gil-Uceda, 2007)
• H. t. himyarensis (Meerman, 1988) (Yemen)
• H. t. cretica (Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998) (Greece)
• H. t. sammuti
  Hyles sammuti
  Hyles sammuti is a moth of the Sphingidae family. Kitching & Cadiou treat it as a valid species, while Pittaway treat it as a subspecies of Hyles tithymali, seeing the larvae are very similar to Hyles tithymali mauretanica. Based on studies of the Mitochondrial DNA, Hyles sammuti probably...
  
  (Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998)

Hyles tithymali sammuti and Hyles tithymali cretica are sometimes treated as a full species.

External links

• Sphingidae of the Western Palearctic: Hyles tithymali tithymali