IPS panel
Encyclopedia
IPS panel technology was developed by Hitachi in 1996 to solve the two main limitations of TN-matrices
at the time, those being small viewing angles and low-quality color reproduction. The name In-Plane Switching comes from the crystals in the cells of the IPS panel lying always in the same plane and being always parallel to the panel’s plane.
in 1954 and was first used for a display in the USA in 1968.
The first twisted nematic
(TN) LCD was developed in Switzerland
in 1971 and became the basis for LCD monitors. The TN method was applied in TFT-LCDs in the late 1980s and early 1990s despite having a narrow viewing angle. In particular, it showed gray inversion from up and down, and had slow response speed.
In the mid 1990s, some technologies – typically IPS and VA (Vertical Alignment) – that could resolve these weaknesses were applied to large monitor panels. In IPS technology the liquid crystal runs horizontally, giving it a wide viewing angle, fast response speed, and a simple pixel
structure.
But VA has a wider viewing angle than TN.
To achieve this required using a compensatory film and complicated multi-domain technology to divide pixels into parts.
IPS is an LCD technology that was developed to improve on the poor viewing angles and colour reproduction of TN technology. VA technology was also developed to address the problems of TN technology, but VA panels have other problems.
IPS panels employ pairs of electrodes at the sides of each cell, running the electric field horizontally through the material. This approach keeps the liquid crystals parallel to the front of the panel, increasing viewing angle. The disadvantages of this technology are that response times suffer and production of the panel can be very expensive. Super-IPS was later introduced with improved response times and color reproduction.
is Super PLS (Plane to Line Switching), an advanced display touting 100 percent improvement in viewing angle and 10 percent increase in brightness. It is intended to supersede conventional IPS, with decreased production costs up to 15 percent as well as increased image quality. Display resolutions up to WXGA are supported. Mass production is planned for early 2011 for integration into smartphones
and tablet computers
. Super PLS displays are used in Samsung's own Galaxy Tab 10.1
.
Twisted nematic field effect
The twisted nematic effect was a main technology breakthrough that made liquid crystal displays practical. Unlike earlier displays, TN-cells did not require a current to flow for operation and used low operating voltages suitable for use with batteries...
at the time, those being small viewing angles and low-quality color reproduction. The name In-Plane Switching comes from the crystals in the cells of the IPS panel lying always in the same plane and being always parallel to the panel’s plane.
History
LCD is an abbreviation for 'Liquid Crystal Display'. It was discovered in GermanyGermany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
in 1954 and was first used for a display in the USA in 1968.
The first twisted nematic
Twisted nematic field effect
The twisted nematic effect was a main technology breakthrough that made liquid crystal displays practical. Unlike earlier displays, TN-cells did not require a current to flow for operation and used low operating voltages suitable for use with batteries...
(TN) LCD was developed in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
in 1971 and became the basis for LCD monitors. The TN method was applied in TFT-LCDs in the late 1980s and early 1990s despite having a narrow viewing angle. In particular, it showed gray inversion from up and down, and had slow response speed.
In the mid 1990s, some technologies – typically IPS and VA (Vertical Alignment) – that could resolve these weaknesses were applied to large monitor panels. In IPS technology the liquid crystal runs horizontally, giving it a wide viewing angle, fast response speed, and a simple pixel
Pixel
In digital imaging, a pixel, or pel, is a single point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable screen element in a display device; it is the smallest unit of picture that can be represented or controlled....
structure.
But VA has a wider viewing angle than TN.
To achieve this required using a compensatory film and complicated multi-domain technology to divide pixels into parts.
IPS is an LCD technology that was developed to improve on the poor viewing angles and colour reproduction of TN technology. VA technology was also developed to address the problems of TN technology, but VA panels have other problems.
Technology
IPS Panel matrices differ from TN Film panels not only in the structure of the crystals but also in the placement of the electrodes; both electrodes are on one wafer and take more space than electrodes of TN matrices. This leads to a lower contrast and brightness of the matrix.IPS panels employ pairs of electrodes at the sides of each cell, running the electric field horizontally through the material. This approach keeps the liquid crystals parallel to the front of the panel, increasing viewing angle. The disadvantages of this technology are that response times suffer and production of the panel can be very expensive. Super-IPS was later introduced with improved response times and color reproduction.
Advantages
- IPS panels have a fast response speed & homogeneous response time in any gray of liquid crystal and the optimal structure to proceed a large number of high speed signals without data loss by using copper wiring with low resistance values. So IPS Panels offer a vivid and clear picture, stable response time of liquid crystal, and its smart driving technology.
- IPS panels display accurate and consistent color from any viewing angle. Normal panels can only display partial true color. The discrepancy is normally more than two times in terms of color shift. IPS panels are 20 times better than normal panels in comparative changes in gamma shift.
- IPS panels don't lighten and show tailing when touched. This makes them ideal for touch screensTouchscreenA touchscreen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger or hand. Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus...
.
Super PLS
A new technology developed by SamsungSamsung Electronics
Samsung Electronics is a South Korean multinational electronics and information technology company headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul...
is Super PLS (Plane to Line Switching), an advanced display touting 100 percent improvement in viewing angle and 10 percent increase in brightness. It is intended to supersede conventional IPS, with decreased production costs up to 15 percent as well as increased image quality. Display resolutions up to WXGA are supported. Mass production is planned for early 2011 for integration into smartphones
Smartphone
A smartphone is a high-end mobile phone built on a mobile computing platform, with more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone. The first smartphones were devices that mainly combined the functions of a personal digital assistant and a mobile phone or camera...
and tablet computers
Tablet computer
A tablet computer, or simply tablet, is a complete mobile computer, larger than a mobile phone or personal digital assistant, integrated into a flat touch screen and primarily operated by touching the screen...
. Super PLS displays are used in Samsung's own Galaxy Tab 10.1
Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1
The Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 series is an Android-based tablet computer produced by Samsung, introduced on 13 February 2011 at its Samsung Unpacked event in Barcelona....
.