ITRANS
Encyclopedia
The "Indian languages TRANSliteration" (ITRANS) is an ASCII
transliteration
scheme for Indic scripts
, particularly for Devanagari
script. It was developed by Avinash Chopde. The latest version of ITRANS is version 5.30 released in July, 2001. ITRANS has been stabilized at this version.
ITRANS was in some use for the encoding of Indian etexts - it is wider in scope than the Harvard-Kyoto
scheme for Devanagari
transliteration, with which it coincides largely, but not entirely. With the wider implementation of Unicode
, the traditional IAST
is used increasingly also for electronic texts.
Like the Harvard-Kyoto
scheme, the ITRANS romanization
does not use any diacritical sign not found on the common English-language computer keyboard, and it is quite easy to read and pick up.
The ITRANS computer package also enables automatic conversion of the Roman script to the Indic.
For some letters, there are variants: e.g. long vowels can be transcribed either by doubling the simple vowel, or with capitals.
a aa / A i ii / I u uu / U
RRi / R^i RRI / R^I LLi / L^i LLI / L^I
e ai o au aM aH
Consonants: (these are used to just represent the consonant part. Devanagari letters also include an implicit 'a' sound. If that is desired, it must be included explicitly.)
k kh g gh ~N / N^
ch Ch j jh ~n / JN
T Th D Dh N
t th d dh n
p ph b bh m
y r l v / w
sh Sh s h L / ld
x / kSh GY / j~n / dny shr
R (Marathi half-RA)
L / ld (Marathi LLA)
Y (Bengali)
Consonants with nukta under them (mainly for Urdu and Devanāgarī):
k with a dot: q
kh with a dot: K
g with a dot: G
j with a dot: z / J
ph with a dot: f
D with a dot: .D
Dh with a dot: .Dh
Specials/Accents:
Anusvara: .n / M / .m
Avagraha (elision): .a
Ardhachandra: .c
Chandra-Bindu: .N
Halant: .h
Visarga: H
Om (Om symbol): OM, AUM
ASCII
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character-encoding scheme based on the ordering of the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text...
transliteration
Transliteration
Transliteration is a subset of the science of hermeneutics. It is a form of translation, and is the practice of converting a text from one script into another...
scheme for Indic scripts
Brahmic family
The Brahmic or Indic scripts are a family of abugida writing systems. They are used throughout South Asia , Southeast Asia, and parts of Central and East Asia, and are descended from the Brāhmī script of the ancient Indian subcontinent...
, particularly for Devanagari
Devanagari
Devanagari |deva]]" and "nāgarī" ), also called Nagari , is an abugida alphabet of India and Nepal...
script. It was developed by Avinash Chopde. The latest version of ITRANS is version 5.30 released in July, 2001. ITRANS has been stabilized at this version.
ITRANS was in some use for the encoding of Indian etexts - it is wider in scope than the Harvard-Kyoto
Harvard-Kyoto
The Harvard-Kyoto Convention is a system for transliterating in ASCII the Sanskrit language and other languages that use the Devanāgarī script...
scheme for Devanagari
Devanagari
Devanagari |deva]]" and "nāgarī" ), also called Nagari , is an abugida alphabet of India and Nepal...
transliteration, with which it coincides largely, but not entirely. With the wider implementation of Unicode
Unicode
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...
, the traditional IAST
IAST
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration is a transliteration scheme that allows a lossless romanization of Indic scripts as employed by the Sanskrit language.-Popularity:...
is used increasingly also for electronic texts.
Like the Harvard-Kyoto
Harvard-Kyoto
The Harvard-Kyoto Convention is a system for transliterating in ASCII the Sanskrit language and other languages that use the Devanāgarī script...
scheme, the ITRANS romanization
Romanization
In linguistics, romanization or latinization is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman script, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system . Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written...
does not use any diacritical sign not found on the common English-language computer keyboard, and it is quite easy to read and pick up.
The ITRANS computer package also enables automatic conversion of the Roman script to the Indic.
For some letters, there are variants: e.g. long vowels can be transcribed either by doubling the simple vowel, or with capitals.
Transliteration scheme
Vowels (dependent and independent):a aa / A i ii / I u uu / U
RRi / R^i RRI / R^I LLi / L^i LLI / L^I
e ai o au aM aH
Consonants: (these are used to just represent the consonant part. Devanagari letters also include an implicit 'a' sound. If that is desired, it must be included explicitly.)
k kh g gh ~N / N^
ch Ch j jh ~n / JN
T Th D Dh N
t th d dh n
p ph b bh m
y r l v / w
sh Sh s h L / ld
x / kSh GY / j~n / dny shr
R (Marathi half-RA)
L / ld (Marathi LLA)
Y (Bengali)
Consonants with nukta under them (mainly for Urdu and Devanāgarī):
k with a dot: q
kh with a dot: K
g with a dot: G
j with a dot: z / J
ph with a dot: f
D with a dot: .D
Dh with a dot: .Dh
Specials/Accents:
Anusvara: .n / M / .m
Avagraha (elision): .a
Ardhachandra: .c
Chandra-Bindu: .N
Halant: .h
Visarga: H
Om (Om symbol): OM, AUM
See also
- Devanagari transliterationDevanagari transliterationThere are several methods of transliteration from Devanāgarī to the Roman script, which is a process also known as Romanization in the Indian subcontinent...
- IASTIASTThe International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration is a transliteration scheme that allows a lossless romanization of Indic scripts as employed by the Sanskrit language.-Popularity:...
- Harvard-KyotoHarvard-KyotoThe Harvard-Kyoto Convention is a system for transliterating in ASCII the Sanskrit language and other languages that use the Devanāgarī script...
- National Library at Kolkata romanizationNational Library at Kolkata romanizationThe National Library at Kolkata romanization is the most widely used transliteration scheme in dictionaries and grammars of Indic languages. This transliteration scheme is also known as Library of Congress and is nearly identical to one of the possible ISO 15919 variants.The tables below mostly use...
External links
- Romanized Nepali Unicode Keyboard developed by OOPSLite Technologies
- ITRANS Official site
- HiTrans - Online ITRANS to Unicode converter with scheme extensions
- Online Interface to ITRANS - ITRANS to GIF, PS, PDF and HTML
- site on ITRANS and religious content in ITRANS
- View Unicode Hindi through Roman transliteration (ITRNS scheme)
- Downloadable ITRANS to Unicode transformer A simple Java applet demo, with source code. Uses a simple table based extendable algorithm.
- Google Indic Transliteration Online Indic Transliteration by Google
- http://devendraparakh.port5.com Devendra Parakh's Hindi word processor site
- Itranslator 2003 as a freeware from Onkarananda Ashram Himalayas
- Indian Language Transliteration for all users and programmers - Transliterates Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu.