ITV Schools
Encyclopedia
ITV Schools was the educational television service set up in 1957 by the Independent Broadcasting Authority
, broadcasting learning programmes for children ages 5 to 18 across ITV
-affiliated stations. It was an example of public service broadcasting on a commercial television network (as opposed to the public BBC
and their service BBC Schools
).
ITV moved its schools programming to Channel 4
in autumn 1987 although ITV continued to produce programmes and the service continued to use the ITV name for another six years. The last ITV Schools programme on Channel 4 aired on Monday 28th June 1993; Channel 4 continued to produce their own schools programmes for many years afterwards.
. The service expanded as stations were added to the ITV network, and continued for the next 30 years, broadcasting a schedule of memorable documentaries, drama and entertainment programmes aimed at children between the ages of 5 and 18. These were almost all made by the various companies of the ITV network, mainly the largest ones such as Thames Television
, ATV
and Granada Television
.
Following changes to the law in early 1972, the schools broadcasts were moved to an earlier slot, with effect from Monday 16 October 1972 between the hours of 0930 and 1200 during term time. This enabled the ITV broadcasters to open up the afternoon schedule to sell advertising between programmes; advertising was strictly prohibited during schools broadcasts.
The ITV Schools broadcasts gave teachers access to a broad spectrum of teaching resources, such as documentary film with which to illustrate their regular lessons, or songs and stories for children to learn and discuss, and could be considered an early example of multimedia learning. Activities and booklets based on the programmes were available to teachers via the Educational Officers based at the local ITV companies, allowing students to develop a relationship with the regular broadcasts. Typically, schools were equipped for schools television with a couple of large television receivers, sometimes housed inside a wooden cabinet atop a wheeled trolley which could be moved between classrooms as required.
This arrangement lasted until Monday 29 June 1987.
and later, Central Independent Television
in Birmingham with live announcements made by ATV & Central's staff announcers including Mike Prince, Stewart White
, Peter Davies and Su Evans.
Between programmes, interval music was played and a holding slide shown onscreen, identifying the service as Independent Television For Schools And Colleges and thus differentiating the service from the similar schools TV service run by the BBC, which were listed as "For Schools, Colleges" in the Radio Times
until BBC Schools broadcasting moved to BBC2 in autumn 1983 with a new title of Daytime On Two. This holding slide could be shown for anything from a few seconds to a few minutes, depending on the length of time required to fill.
Exactly one minute before the start of the programme, the slide was replaced by a clock showing sixty second-marks, which gradually disappeared until there were none left. This gave the teacher one final minute in which to calm the class down before the programme began. A suitably timed piece of library music, changed once a term and often taken from the Bruton Music library, accompanied the animation.
The image of the 'schools countdown clock' has taken on something of a cult status, as referenced in programmes such as Look Around You
, and produced a memorable image fondly remembered by generations of British schoolchildren.
from September 14, 1987, allowing ITV to concentrate on building a fully commercial daytime schedule. Just two pieces of interval music were used after 1987: The Journey for a 3D
holding device, and Just a Minute which backed a redesigned clock.
The transmission times were the same, 09:30 - 12:00. At 09:28, the four ITV logos glided onto stage, followed by the first minute of The Journey, before gliding off stage. The 3D
countdown clock spun onto screen at this point. For all other programmes the holding device would be faded up, and the music faded in at where it had reached. Once the tune had reached the end, the ITV logos glided off stage, and were replaced by the clock. Presentation was handled by Channel 4 in London with announcements for support material pre-recorded and voiced mainly by Central TV announcer Ted May in Birmingham.
The very first programme on ITV Schools on 4 was "Environments", produced by Thames Television.
When Channel 4
introduced breakfast television in April 1989, it was necessary to extend the first interval to five minutes due to the 9:25am finish time of The Channel 4 Daily. For the first three minutes, Channel 4
would play one of their own interval tracks - between April 1989 and the end of 1991 over a still of the 3D clock and throughout 1992, the ITV "rotomotion" between January 1992 and December 1992. In both cases, at 09:27.50 the music and image would be faded out, and then at exactly 09:28 the 3D logos glided onto stage.
On ITV, at the end of schools programmes, the regional ITV announcers would make their own closing announcements over a holding slide, before introducing the lunchtime programming. On Channel 4, however, at the end of schools programming, the ITV logos glided onto stage, with the first 10 seconds of The Journey. This was rapidly faded to black, after which the Channel 4 logo appeared and the announcer introduced the next programme.
In January 1993 the holding device was no longer used for the first programme, and the introduction cut into 40 seconds of the clock. The holding device did appear for all other programmes. This ended on Monday June 28 1993, signalling the end of this particular era and style of schools television broadcast. The very last programme on ITV Schools on 4 was "The Technology Programme", at 11:41 am.
Since September 1993, the strand has been known as Channel 4 Schools, and is now Channel 4 Education.
The two pieces of music used on Channel 4
were both written in 1986 by "James Aldenham", which was a pseudonym
for Brian Bennett, former drummer with The Shadows
, and who has, for many years, written TV themes, such as the BBC Golf theme tune.
Educational programmes for schools continued to be broadcast on Channel 4 until 2009, although they were usually moved into commercially unviable timeslots, such as overnight, where they could be video-recorded by teachers for later consumption. The usual standard Channel 4 presentation devices were employed between programmes.
& S4C
opted out of the main ITV Schools on Channel 4 service to show Regional ITV Schools programmes such as Swings & Roundabouts.
S4C had its own variation of the holding device which was used when Welsh language programmes for schools were broadcast, but used the same music as the national holding device. They used the traditional ITV Schools holding device for English language programmes, but the S4C logo was keyed over the Channel 4 logo on the aston bar at the bottom of the screen.
At the end of the Summer Term in June 1992 Regional outputs on ITV Schools on Channel 4 were axe and all the programmes on itv schools on Channel 4 such as Videomaths and How we used to Live were fully network. S4C in Wales Carry on showing Walsh language Programmes till June 1993 when ITV schools was replace with Channel 4 Schools with S4C Schools showing both english Channel 4 Schools programmes and Walsh language programmes from September 1993.
Independent Broadcasting Authority
The Independent Broadcasting Authority was the regulatory body in the United Kingdom for commercial television - and commercial/independent radio broadcasts...
, broadcasting learning programmes for children ages 5 to 18 across ITV
ITV
ITV is the major commercial public service TV network in the United Kingdom. Launched in 1955 under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority to provide competition to the BBC, it is also the oldest commercial network in the UK...
-affiliated stations. It was an example of public service broadcasting on a commercial television network (as opposed to the public BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
and their service BBC Schools
BBC Schools
BBC Schools, also known as BBC for Schools and Colleges, is the educational programming strand set up by the BBC in 1957, broadcasting a range of educational programmes for children aged 5–16. From launch until June 1983, programming was based on BBC One during the daytime, before programming was...
).
ITV moved its schools programming to Channel 4
Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began working on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority , the station is now owned and operated by the Channel...
in autumn 1987 although ITV continued to produce programmes and the service continued to use the ITV name for another six years. The last ITV Schools programme on Channel 4 aired on Monday 28th June 1993; Channel 4 continued to produce their own schools programmes for many years afterwards.
Beginnings
The service started with a small audience, limited largely to the London area via its weekday franchise-holder Associated-RediffusionAssociated-Rediffusion
Associated-Rediffusion, later Rediffusion, London, was the British ITV contractor for London and parts of the surrounding counties, on weekdays between 1954 and 29 July 1968. Transmissions started on 22 September 1955.-Formation:...
. The service expanded as stations were added to the ITV network, and continued for the next 30 years, broadcasting a schedule of memorable documentaries, drama and entertainment programmes aimed at children between the ages of 5 and 18. These were almost all made by the various companies of the ITV network, mainly the largest ones such as Thames Television
Thames Television
Thames Television was a licensee of the British ITV television network, covering London and parts of the surrounding counties on weekdays from 30 July 1968 until 31 December 1992....
, ATV
Associated TeleVision
Associated Television, often referred to as ATV, was a British television company, holder of various licences to broadcast on the ITV network from 24 September 1955 until 00:34 on 1 January 1982...
and Granada Television
Granada Television
Granada Television is the ITV contractor for North West England. Based in Manchester since its inception, it is the only surviving original ITA franchisee from 1954 and is ITV's most successful....
.
The Broadcasting Act, 1972
Broadcasting hours were for some time regulated by the British Government, however there were some exemptions, for example, educational programmes and sports coverage. The commercial broadcasters therefore reserved their most commercial output for peak viewing hours and used the remainder of their broadcasting hours to put out their contractually-obligated programming, conveniently enough, at a time when children were at school. Networked programmes for schools and colleges were mostly made by the "big four" broadcasters Yorkshire, Granada, Thames and ATV, and were screened during the late morning and early afternoon, after which the network would close down until children's programmes commenced in the afternoon.Following changes to the law in early 1972, the schools broadcasts were moved to an earlier slot, with effect from Monday 16 October 1972 between the hours of 0930 and 1200 during term time. This enabled the ITV broadcasters to open up the afternoon schedule to sell advertising between programmes; advertising was strictly prohibited during schools broadcasts.
The ITV Schools broadcasts gave teachers access to a broad spectrum of teaching resources, such as documentary film with which to illustrate their regular lessons, or songs and stories for children to learn and discuss, and could be considered an early example of multimedia learning. Activities and booklets based on the programmes were available to teachers via the Educational Officers based at the local ITV companies, allowing students to develop a relationship with the regular broadcasts. Typically, schools were equipped for schools television with a couple of large television receivers, sometimes housed inside a wooden cabinet atop a wheeled trolley which could be moved between classrooms as required.
This arrangement lasted until Monday 29 June 1987.
Presentation
Schools programmes on ITV were generally between ten and twenty minutes in length. Unlike peak-time programmes (which were usually scheduled at times rounded up to the nearest five minutes), schools programmes were scheduled at very precise times, such as 10:03 or 11:32. Some individual regions, such as HTV Wales, sometimes showed their own programming instead of the network offerings, but would rejoin the network in time for the next scheduled programme, and so it was necessary to devise a flexible presentation system which would allow the network to effectively fill the time between programmes without resorting to showing a blank screen. Network schools presentation was provided by ATVAssociated TeleVision
Associated Television, often referred to as ATV, was a British television company, holder of various licences to broadcast on the ITV network from 24 September 1955 until 00:34 on 1 January 1982...
and later, Central Independent Television
Central Independent Television
Central Independent Television, more commonly known as Central is the Independent Television contractor for the Midlands, created following the restructuring of ATV and commencing broadcast on 1 January 1982. The station is owned and operated by ITV plc, under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting...
in Birmingham with live announcements made by ATV & Central's staff announcers including Mike Prince, Stewart White
Stewart White (journalist)
Stewart White is a British journalist, presenter and newsreader, most famous for presenting the East Anglian regional BBC News programme Look East. Beginning his career at several regional BBC Radio stations he later became a presenter and continuity announcer for Central Independent Television...
, Peter Davies and Su Evans.
Between programmes, interval music was played and a holding slide shown onscreen, identifying the service as Independent Television For Schools And Colleges and thus differentiating the service from the similar schools TV service run by the BBC, which were listed as "For Schools, Colleges" in the Radio Times
Radio Times
Radio Times is a UK weekly television and radio programme listings magazine, owned by the BBC. It has been published since 1923 by BBC Magazines, which also provides an on-line listings service under the same title...
until BBC Schools broadcasting moved to BBC2 in autumn 1983 with a new title of Daytime On Two. This holding slide could be shown for anything from a few seconds to a few minutes, depending on the length of time required to fill.
Exactly one minute before the start of the programme, the slide was replaced by a clock showing sixty second-marks, which gradually disappeared until there were none left. This gave the teacher one final minute in which to calm the class down before the programme began. A suitably timed piece of library music, changed once a term and often taken from the Bruton Music library, accompanied the animation.
The image of the 'schools countdown clock' has taken on something of a cult status, as referenced in programmes such as Look Around You
Look Around You
Look Around You is a British television comedy series devised and written by Robert Popper and Peter Serafinowicz, and, in the first series, narrated by Nigel Lambert...
, and produced a memorable image fondly remembered by generations of British schoolchildren.
Programming
Some examples of programming from the 1957-1993 era- How We Used To LiveHow We Used To LiveHow We Used to Live is a British educational historical television drama written by Freda Kelsall and sometimes narrated by Redvers Kyle and John Crosse, both employed as continuity announcers at Yorkshire Television at the time of production. Production began in 1968 at the YTV studios in Leeds...
, a history drama for children made by YorkshireYorkshire TelevisionYorkshire Television, now officially known as ITV Yorkshire and sometimes unofficially abbreviated to YTV, is a British television broadcaster and the contractor for the Yorkshire franchise area on the ITV network... - Good Health, a health education programme made by ATVAssociated TeleVisionAssociated Television, often referred to as ATV, was a British television company, holder of various licences to broadcast on the ITV network from 24 September 1955 until 00:34 on 1 January 1982...
/CentralCentral Independent TelevisionCentral Independent Television, more commonly known as Central is the Independent Television contractor for the Midlands, created following the restructuring of ATV and commencing broadcast on 1 January 1982. The station is owned and operated by ITV plc, under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting... - Starting Science, (later Science Start Here!) a documentary from ATV/CentralCentral Independent TelevisionCentral Independent Television, more commonly known as Central is the Independent Television contractor for the Midlands, created following the restructuring of ATV and commencing broadcast on 1 January 1982. The station is owned and operated by ITV plc, under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting...
introducing children to the world of science. Incidental music was composed by Ron GeesinRon GeesinRonald 'Ron' Geesin is a British musician and composer, noted for his quirky creations and novel applications of sound. He is probably best known as the orchestrator and organizer of Pink Floyd's "Atom Heart Mother" in 1970, after the band found themselves hopelessly deadlocked over how to...
. - The English Programme / The French Programme / The German Programme (language tuition from ThamesThames TelevisionThames Television was a licensee of the British ITV television network, covering London and parts of the surrounding counties on weekdays from 30 July 1968 until 31 December 1992....
) - My World, stories for children of infant schoolInfant schoolAn Infant school is a term used primarily in the United Kingdom for school for children between the ages of four and seven years. It is usually a small school serving a particular locality....
age, made by Yorkshire Television - Experiment, Granada's series of filmed biology and chemistry experiments for secondary schoolSecondary schoolSecondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...
pupils and parodied in the first series of the BBC comedy series Look Around YouLook Around YouLook Around You is a British television comedy series devised and written by Robert Popper and Peter Serafinowicz, and, in the first series, narrated by Nigel Lambert... - A Place To Live, geography documentaries from GranadaGranada TelevisionGranada Television is the ITV contractor for North West England. Based in Manchester since its inception, it is the only surviving original ITA franchisee from 1954 and is ITV's most successful....
- Living And Growing, a sex educationSex educationSex education refers to formal programs of instruction on a wide range of issues relating to human sexuality, including human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, abstinence, contraception, and...
from GrampianGrampian TelevisionGrampian Television is the ITV franchisee for the North and North East of Scotland. Its coverage area includes the Scottish Highlands , Inverness, Aberdeen, Dundee and parts of north Fife...
which was later repeated late at night for adults - Stop, Look, Listen, made by ATVAssociated TeleVisionAssociated Television, often referred to as ATV, was a British television company, holder of various licences to broadcast on the ITV network from 24 September 1955 until 00:34 on 1 January 1982...
/CentralCentral Independent TelevisionCentral Independent Television, more commonly known as Central is the Independent Television contractor for the Midlands, created following the restructuring of ATV and commencing broadcast on 1 January 1982. The station is owned and operated by ITV plc, under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting...
and introducing children to social science. The programmes were narrated by Chris TarrantChris TarrantChristopher John "Chris" Tarrant, OBE is an English radio and television broadcaster, now best known for hosting the first version of the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom and later Ireland, as the two national versions of the show merged in 2002.Chris...
. - Story World made by GranadaGranada TelevisionGranada Television is the ITV contractor for North West England. Based in Manchester since its inception, it is the only surviving original ITA franchisee from 1954 and is ITV's most successful....
- Picture Box made by GranadaGranada TelevisionGranada Television is the ITV contractor for North West England. Based in Manchester since its inception, it is the only surviving original ITA franchisee from 1954 and is ITV's most successful....
, later a co-production with Childsplay; - Talk, Write and Read made by CentralCentral Independent TelevisionCentral Independent Television, more commonly known as Central is the Independent Television contractor for the Midlands, created following the restructuring of ATV and commencing broadcast on 1 January 1982. The station is owned and operated by ITV plc, under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting...
- Seeing and Doing, made by ThamesThames TelevisionThames Television was a licensee of the British ITV television network, covering London and parts of the surrounding counties on weekdays from 30 July 1968 until 31 December 1992....
- Basic Maths and, later, VideoMaths made by ATVAssociated TeleVisionAssociated Television, often referred to as ATV, was a British television company, holder of various licences to broadcast on the ITV network from 24 September 1955 until 00:34 on 1 January 1982...
and later CentralCentral Independent TelevisionCentral Independent Television, more commonly known as Central is the Independent Television contractor for the Midlands, created following the restructuring of ATV and commencing broadcast on 1 January 1982. The station is owned and operated by ITV plc, under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting... - Middle English Made By ThamesThames TelevisionThames Television was a licensee of the British ITV television network, covering London and parts of the surrounding counties on weekdays from 30 July 1968 until 31 December 1992....
- Geography Start Here made by CentralCentral Independent TelevisionCentral Independent Television, more commonly known as Central is the Independent Television contractor for the Midlands, created following the restructuring of ATV and commencing broadcast on 1 January 1982. The station is owned and operated by ITV plc, under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting...
- Scientific Eye/ Geographical Eye made by YorkshireYorkshire TelevisionYorkshire Television, now officially known as ITV Yorkshire and sometimes unofficially abbreviated to YTV, is a British television broadcaster and the contractor for the Yorkshire franchise area on the ITV network...
- Time for a Story Made by GranadaGranada TelevisionGranada Television is the ITV contractor for North West England. Based in Manchester since its inception, it is the only surviving original ITA franchisee from 1954 and is ITV's most successful....
- Place and People Made by GranadaGranada TelevisionGranada Television is the ITV contractor for North West England. Based in Manchester since its inception, it is the only surviving original ITA franchisee from 1954 and is ITV's most successful....
- ReadAbout English Programme for Junior Pupils made by YorkshireYorkshire TelevisionYorkshire Television, now officially known as ITV Yorkshire and sometimes unofficially abbreviated to YTV, is a British television broadcaster and the contractor for the Yorkshire franchise area on the ITV network...
- Time for Maths Maths Programme for Junior Pupils made by Granada TelevisionGranada TelevisionGranada Television is the ITV contractor for North West England. Based in Manchester since its inception, it is the only surviving original ITA franchisee from 1954 and is ITV's most successful....
ITV Schools on Channel Four
After 30 years on ITV, the service moved to Channel 4Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began working on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority , the station is now owned and operated by the Channel...
from September 14, 1987, allowing ITV to concentrate on building a fully commercial daytime schedule. Just two pieces of interval music were used after 1987: The Journey for a 3D
3D computer graphics
3D computer graphics are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images...
holding device, and Just a Minute which backed a redesigned clock.
The transmission times were the same, 09:30 - 12:00. At 09:28, the four ITV logos glided onto stage, followed by the first minute of The Journey, before gliding off stage. The 3D
3D computer graphics
3D computer graphics are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images...
countdown clock spun onto screen at this point. For all other programmes the holding device would be faded up, and the music faded in at where it had reached. Once the tune had reached the end, the ITV logos glided off stage, and were replaced by the clock. Presentation was handled by Channel 4 in London with announcements for support material pre-recorded and voiced mainly by Central TV announcer Ted May in Birmingham.
The very first programme on ITV Schools on 4 was "Environments", produced by Thames Television.
When Channel 4
Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began working on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority , the station is now owned and operated by the Channel...
introduced breakfast television in April 1989, it was necessary to extend the first interval to five minutes due to the 9:25am finish time of The Channel 4 Daily. For the first three minutes, Channel 4
Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began working on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority , the station is now owned and operated by the Channel...
would play one of their own interval tracks - between April 1989 and the end of 1991 over a still of the 3D clock and throughout 1992, the ITV "rotomotion" between January 1992 and December 1992. In both cases, at 09:27.50 the music and image would be faded out, and then at exactly 09:28 the 3D logos glided onto stage.
On ITV, at the end of schools programmes, the regional ITV announcers would make their own closing announcements over a holding slide, before introducing the lunchtime programming. On Channel 4, however, at the end of schools programming, the ITV logos glided onto stage, with the first 10 seconds of The Journey. This was rapidly faded to black, after which the Channel 4 logo appeared and the announcer introduced the next programme.
In January 1993 the holding device was no longer used for the first programme, and the introduction cut into 40 seconds of the clock. The holding device did appear for all other programmes. This ended on Monday June 28 1993, signalling the end of this particular era and style of schools television broadcast. The very last programme on ITV Schools on 4 was "The Technology Programme", at 11:41 am.
Since September 1993, the strand has been known as Channel 4 Schools, and is now Channel 4 Education.
The two pieces of music used on Channel 4
Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began working on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority , the station is now owned and operated by the Channel...
were both written in 1986 by "James Aldenham", which was a pseudonym
Pseudonym
A pseudonym is a name that a person assumes for a particular purpose and that differs from his or her original orthonym...
for Brian Bennett, former drummer with The Shadows
The Shadows
The Shadows are a British pop group with a total of 69 UK hit-charted singles: 35 as 'The Shadows' and 34 as 'Cliff Richard and the Shadows', from the 1950s to the 2000s. Cliff Richard in casual conversation with the British rock press frequently refers to the Shadows by their nickname: 'The Shads'...
, and who has, for many years, written TV themes, such as the BBC Golf theme tune.
Educational programmes for schools continued to be broadcast on Channel 4 until 2009, although they were usually moved into commercially unviable timeslots, such as overnight, where they could be video-recorded by teachers for later consumption. The usual standard Channel 4 presentation devices were employed between programmes.
Regional Outputs on ITV Schools on Channel 4
Between September 1987 and June 1992, Grampian Television, Scottish Television, Border Television, Ulster Television (UTV)& S4C
S4C
S4C , currently branded as S4/C, is a Welsh television channel broadcast from the capital, Cardiff. The first television channel to be aimed specifically at a Welsh-speaking audience, it is the fifth oldest British television channel .The channel - initially broadcast on...
opted out of the main ITV Schools on Channel 4 service to show Regional ITV Schools programmes such as Swings & Roundabouts.
S4C had its own variation of the holding device which was used when Welsh language programmes for schools were broadcast, but used the same music as the national holding device. They used the traditional ITV Schools holding device for English language programmes, but the S4C logo was keyed over the Channel 4 logo on the aston bar at the bottom of the screen.
At the end of the Summer Term in June 1992 Regional outputs on ITV Schools on Channel 4 were axe and all the programmes on itv schools on Channel 4 such as Videomaths and How we used to Live were fully network. S4C in Wales Carry on showing Walsh language Programmes till June 1993 when ITV schools was replace with Channel 4 Schools with S4C Schools showing both english Channel 4 Schools programmes and Walsh language programmes from September 1993.