Ibrahim (Timurid Dynasty)
Encyclopedia
Ibrahim was a Timurid
ruler of Herat
in the fifteenth century. He was the son of 'Ala' al-Daula, a great-grandson of Timur
.
Ibrahim came to power in Herat in the aftermath of the death of Babur Ibn-Baysunkur
. Babur's son Shah Mahmud
had succeeded him but, as he was still a boy, his hold on power was weak. Ibrahim overthrew Shah Mahmud weeks after Babur's death and therefore became the ruler of Khurasan
.
In July 1457, however, the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana
, Abu Sa'id
, invaded. Abu Sa'id occupied Balkh
but was unable to conquer Herat. Ibrahim's troubles were increased when Jahan Shah
of the Black Sheep Turkmen invaded as well. After occupying Gurgan
, he defeated Ibrahim outside Astarabad. Ibrahim's father 'Ala' al-Daula met up with him in Herat to offer assistance, but in the end they both fled from the region. Jahan Shah entered Herat on June 28, 1458 but soon withdrew. But Ibrahim was not able to recover his realm; Khurasan instead fell to Abu Sa'id.
Shortly after, Ibrahim and 'Ala' al-Daula formed an alliance with Sultan Sanjar (a grandson of Timur's son 'Umar Shaikh) against Abu Sa'id. The opposing forces met during the Battle of Sarakhs in March of 1459, where Abu Sa'id defeated them. Ibrahim and his father fled, while Sultan Sanjar was executed. Ibrahim died only a few months later; his father died the following year.
NB Astarabad or Esterabad was renamed Gorgan (Jorjan in Arabic) in 1937.
Timurid Dynasty
The Timurids , self-designated Gurkānī , were a Persianate, Central Asian Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turko-Mongol descent whose empire included the whole of Iran, modern Afghanistan, and modern Uzbekistan, as well as large parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the...
ruler of Herat
Herat
Herāt is the capital of Herat province in Afghanistan. It is the third largest city of Afghanistan, with a population of about 397,456 as of 2006. It is situated in the valley of the Hari River, which flows from the mountains of central Afghanistan to the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan...
in the fifteenth century. He was the son of 'Ala' al-Daula, a great-grandson of Timur
Timur
Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until...
.
Ibrahim came to power in Herat in the aftermath of the death of Babur Ibn-Baysunkur
Babur Ibn-Baysunkur
Babur Ibn-Baysunkur , also known as Abu'l-Qasim Bābur, was a Timurid ruler in Khurasan . He was the son of Baysunqar, and thus the a grandson of Shāhrukh Mirzā....
. Babur's son Shah Mahmud
Mahmud (Timurid Dynasty)
Shah Mahmud was briefly a Timurid ruler of Herat. He was the son of Babur Ibn-Baysunkur, who was a great-grandson of Timur.Shah Mahmud succeeded his father upon his death in 1457 at the age of eleven. Only a few weeks later, his cousin Ibrahim, a son of 'Ala' al-Daula, expelled him from Herat...
had succeeded him but, as he was still a boy, his hold on power was weak. Ibrahim overthrew Shah Mahmud weeks after Babur's death and therefore became the ruler of Khurasan
Greater Khorasan
Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan is a historical region of Greater Iran mentioned in sources from Sassanid and Islamic eras which "frequently" had a denotation wider than current three provinces of Khorasan in Iran...
.
In July 1457, however, the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana
Transoxiana
Transoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgystan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers...
, Abu Sa'id
Abu Sa'id (Timurid dynasty)
Abū Saʿīd b. Muḥammad b. Mīrānshāh b. Timūr , was a Timurid Empire ruler in what is today parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran and Afghanistan and member of the Timurid dynasty....
, invaded. Abu Sa'id occupied Balkh
Balkh
Balkh , was an ancient city and centre of Zoroastrianism in what is now northern Afghanistan. Today it is a small town in the province of Balkh, about 20 kilometers northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some south of the Amu Darya. It was one of the major cities of Khorasan...
but was unable to conquer Herat. Ibrahim's troubles were increased when Jahan Shah
Jahan Shah
Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran who reigned c.1438-1467. During his reign he managed to expand the Kara Koyunlu’s territory to its largest extent, including Western Anatolia, most of present day Iraq,...
of the Black Sheep Turkmen invaded as well. After occupying Gurgan
Gürgan
Gürgan is a village in Baku, Azerbaijan. It forms part of the municipality of Gürgən-Pirallahı....
, he defeated Ibrahim outside Astarabad. Ibrahim's father 'Ala' al-Daula met up with him in Herat to offer assistance, but in the end they both fled from the region. Jahan Shah entered Herat on June 28, 1458 but soon withdrew. But Ibrahim was not able to recover his realm; Khurasan instead fell to Abu Sa'id.
Shortly after, Ibrahim and 'Ala' al-Daula formed an alliance with Sultan Sanjar (a grandson of Timur's son 'Umar Shaikh) against Abu Sa'id. The opposing forces met during the Battle of Sarakhs in March of 1459, where Abu Sa'id defeated them. Ibrahim and his father fled, while Sultan Sanjar was executed. Ibrahim died only a few months later; his father died the following year.
NB Astarabad or Esterabad was renamed Gorgan (Jorjan in Arabic) in 1937.