Independent Administrative Institution
Encyclopedia
An Incorporated Administrative Agency or in lay terms an Independent Administrative Corporation or Independent Administrative Institution (独立行政法人, Dokuritsu gyōsei hōjin, IAI) is a newly designed type of legal body for Japanese
governmental organizations regulated by the Basic Law on Reforming Government Ministries of 1998. The IAIs are not under National Government Organization Act that provides Japanese Ministries and administrative organizations.
Originally proposed by the Administrative Reform Council, the IAI is created based on the concept of separating governmental ministries and agencies into planning functions and operation functions. Planning functions remain within government-based ministries and agencies while operating functions are transferred to IAIs.
Independent Administrative Institutions utilize management methods of private-sector corporations and are given considerable autonomy in their operations and how to use their budgets. In April 2001, the Japanese government first designated 59 bodies as IAIs, among which were many research institutes and some museums.
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
governmental organizations regulated by the Basic Law on Reforming Government Ministries of 1998. The IAIs are not under National Government Organization Act that provides Japanese Ministries and administrative organizations.
Originally proposed by the Administrative Reform Council, the IAI is created based on the concept of separating governmental ministries and agencies into planning functions and operation functions. Planning functions remain within government-based ministries and agencies while operating functions are transferred to IAIs.
Independent Administrative Institutions utilize management methods of private-sector corporations and are given considerable autonomy in their operations and how to use their budgets. In April 2001, the Japanese government first designated 59 bodies as IAIs, among which were many research institutes and some museums.
Examples of IAIs
There are 98 IAIs as of October 2009.- National Center for University Entrance ExaminationsNational Center for University Entrance ExaminationsThe National Center for University Entrance Exams or colloquially is an Independent Administrative Institution that administers the National Center Test for University Admissions and law school entrance exams in Japan.It is under the control of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science...
, an IAI that administers the National Center Test for University AdmissionsNational Center Test for University AdmissionsThe is a type of standardized test used by public and some private universities in Japan. It is held annually during a weekend in mid-January over a period of two days.... - Japan MintJapan MintThe is an Incorporated Administrative Agency of the Japanese government. This agency has its Head office in Osaka with branches in Tokyo and Hiroshima.-History:...
, the mintMint (coin)A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins for currency.The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. One difference is that the history of the mint is usually closely tied to the political situation of an era... - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyThe , or JAXA, is Japan's national aerospace agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on October 1, 2003, as an Independent Administrative Institution administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the...
(JAXA) - Japan National Tourist OrganizationJapan National Tourist OrganizationThe or JNTO provides information about Japan to promote travel to and in the country. Its headquarters are in Yūrakuchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo. It operates Tourist Information Centers as well as a website. The JNTO disseminates information about transportation, lodging, food and beverage, and sight-seeing...
(JNTO) - National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyThe , or AIST, is a Japanese research facility headquartered in Tokyo, and most of the workforce is located in Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, and in several cities throughout Japan. The institute is managed to integrate scientific and engineering knowledge to address socio-economic needs...
(AIST) - National Institute for Materials ScienceNational Institute for Materials Scienceis an Independent Administrative Institution and one of the largest scientific research centers in Japan.- History :The growth and development of today's scientific research center has passed through several phases in a number of locations:...
(NIMS) - National Institute of Technology and EvaluationNational Institute of Technology and EvaluationThe , or NITE is an incorporated administrative agency , established by Japanese government, aiming to contribute to the “safety and security of life” supported by reliable technology and information.- History :...
(NITE) - National Institutes for Cultural Heritage, Tokyo National MuseumTokyo National MuseumEstablished 1872, the , or TNM, is the oldest and largest museum in Japan. The museum collects, houses, and preserves a comprehensive collection of art works and archaeological objects of Asia, focusing on Japan. The museum holds over 110,000 objects, which includes 87 Japanese National Treasure...
(TNM) - National Institutes for Cultural Heritage, Kyoto National MuseumKyoto National MuseumThe is one of the three formerly imperially-mandated art museums in Japan. The museum is located in Higashiyama Ward in Kyoto. The collections of the Kyoto National Museum focus on pre-modern Japanese and Asian art....
, (KNM) - National Institutes for Cultural Heritage, Nara National MuseumNara National MuseumThe is one of the pre-eminent national art museums in Japan.-Introduction:The Nara National Museum is located in Nara, which was the capital of Japan from 710 to 784. Katayama Tōkuma designed the original building, which is a representative Western-style building of the Meiji period and has been...
(NNM) - National Museum of Art, Tokyo National Museum of Modern Art, TokyoNational Museum of Modern Art, TokyoThe in Tokyo, Japan, is the foremost museum collecting and exhibiting contemporary Japanese art.This Tokyo museum is also known by the English acronym MOMAT...
(MOMAT) - National Museum of Art, Tokyo National Museum of Western ArtThe National Museum of Western ArtThe is the premier public art gallery in Japan specializing in art from the Western tradition.The Museum is located in the museum and zoo complex in Ueno Park in Taito, central Tokyo. This popular Tokyo museum is also known by the English acronym NMWA .-NMWA history:The NMWA was established on...
(NMWA) - National Printing BureauNational Printing Bureauis a Japanese governmental agency in charge of the production of Japanese paper money, Yen. It also produces various other products, such as postage stamps.-History:...
- Nippon Export and Investment InsuranceNippon Export and Investment Insuranceor NEXI, is an incorporated administrative agency of the Japanese government. The current organization was formed on April 1, 2001 under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry based on the General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency and Trade and Investment...
(NEXI)