Indian Deep Space Network
Encyclopedia
The Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) is a network of large antennas and communication facilities that supports the interplanetary spacecraft
missions of India. It is located at Byalalu
, a village about 100 km from Bangalore
, India
. It was officially inaugurated on 17 October 2008 by ISRO chairman G. Madhavan Nair
. The antenna was designed and commissioned by Hyderabad based Electronics Corporation of India Limited at a cost of Rs 62 crore
to Rs 65 crore (about 13 million US dollars). Other similar networks include ESTRACK
of the European Space Agency
, the Deep Space Network
of the United States NASA
, the Soviet Deep Space Network
, and the Chinese Deep Space Network
.
which improves the visibility duration when compared with the existing ISRO Telemetry Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC). The established Indian Deep Space Network implements a base band system adhering to Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)
Standards thus facilitating cross-support among the Telemetry Tracking Command (TTC) agencies.
The two antennas at the complex have built in support facilities. A fibre optic link will provide necessary communication link between the DSN Station and SCC / NCC/ ISSDC. The 18 meter antenna has provision to receive two downlink carriers in S-Band
and two carriers in X-Band
(RCP and LCP), whereas the uplink is either RCP or LCP. It has a G/T of 30/39.5 dB/k (45° elevation, clear sky) for S/X-Band.
The 32-m antenna is of a wheel-and-track design. The antenna is designed to provide uplink in both S-Band
and X-Band
(20 kW) either through RCP or LCP. The reception capability will be in both S-Band
and X-Band
(simultaneous RCP and LCP). It can receive two carriers in S-Band
and two carriers in X-Band
. The system will have a G/T of 37.5/51 dB/k (45° elevation, clear sky) for S/X Band. The station is also equipped to control remotely from the ISTRAC Network Control Centre (NCC).
Mission. It started tracking satellites in July, 2009.
mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
, India's national space agency. It was launched on 22 October 2008. The IDSN will be used for tracking, orbit control and housekeeping operations of India's lunar mission for its entire duration of two years. IDSN began to track Chandrayaan 17 minutes after its launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Launch Centre at Sriharikota
, when the satellite separated from the launch vehicle.
Spacecraft
A spacecraft or spaceship is a craft or machine designed for spaceflight. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, earth observation, meteorology, navigation, planetary exploration and transportation of humans and cargo....
missions of India. It is located at Byalalu
Byalalu
Byalalu is a village in Bangalore Rural District in Karnataka, India. It is an hour's drive from Bangalore city, off the Bangalore-Mysore highway. The population was reported as 1,187 in the 2001 Indian census....
, a village about 100 km from Bangalore
Bangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. It was officially inaugurated on 17 October 2008 by ISRO chairman G. Madhavan Nair
G. Madhavan Nair
G. Madhavan Nair is the former Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation and Secretary to the Department of Space, Government of India since September 2003. He is also the Chairman, Space Commission and acts as the Chairman of Governing Body of the Antrix Corporation, Bangalore...
. The antenna was designed and commissioned by Hyderabad based Electronics Corporation of India Limited at a cost of Rs 62 crore
Crore
A crore is a unit in the Indian number system equal to ten million , or 100 lakhs. It is widely used in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan....
to Rs 65 crore (about 13 million US dollars). Other similar networks include ESTRACK
ESTRACK
The European Space Operations Centre operates a number of ground-based space-tracking stations for the European Space Agency known as the European Space Tracking network. The stations support various ESA spacecraft and facilitate communications between ground operators and scientific probes such...
of the European Space Agency
European Space Agency
The European Space Agency , established in 1975, is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 18 member states...
, the Deep Space Network
Deep Space Network
The Deep Space Network, or DSN, is a world-wide network of large antennas and communication facilities that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions. It also performs radio and radar astronomy observations for the exploration of the solar system and the universe, and supports selected...
of the United States NASA
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...
, the Soviet Deep Space Network
Soviet Deep Space Network
The Soviet Deep Space Network is a network of large antennas and communication facilities that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions, and radio and radar astronomy observations for the exploration of the solar system and the universe. It was built to support the space missions of the Soviet...
, and the Chinese Deep Space Network
Chinese Deep Space Network
The Chinese Deep Space Network is a network of large antennas and communication facilities that supports the lunar and interplanetary spacecraft missions of China....
.
Introduction
The Network consist of a fully steerable 18 m and a 32 m DSN antennaAntenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
which improves the visibility duration when compared with the existing ISRO Telemetry Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC). The established Indian Deep Space Network implements a base band system adhering to Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems was formed in 1982 by the major space agencies of the world to provide a forum for discussion of common problems in the development and operation of space data systems...
Standards thus facilitating cross-support among the Telemetry Tracking Command (TTC) agencies.
The two antennas at the complex have built in support facilities. A fibre optic link will provide necessary communication link between the DSN Station and SCC / NCC/ ISSDC. The 18 meter antenna has provision to receive two downlink carriers in S-Band
S band
The S band is defined by an IEEE standard for radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 to 4 GHz, crossing the conventional boundary between UHF and SHF at 3.0 GHz. It is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum...
and two carriers in X-Band
X band
The X band is a segment of the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication engineering, the frequency range of X band is rather indefinitely set at approximately 7.0 to 11.2 gigahertz . In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified...
(RCP and LCP), whereas the uplink is either RCP or LCP. It has a G/T of 30/39.5 dB/k (45° elevation, clear sky) for S/X-Band.
The 32-m antenna is of a wheel-and-track design. The antenna is designed to provide uplink in both S-Band
S band
The S band is defined by an IEEE standard for radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 to 4 GHz, crossing the conventional boundary between UHF and SHF at 3.0 GHz. It is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum...
and X-Band
X band
The X band is a segment of the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication engineering, the frequency range of X band is rather indefinitely set at approximately 7.0 to 11.2 gigahertz . In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified...
(20 kW) either through RCP or LCP. The reception capability will be in both S-Band
S band
The S band is defined by an IEEE standard for radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 to 4 GHz, crossing the conventional boundary between UHF and SHF at 3.0 GHz. It is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum...
and X-Band
X band
The X band is a segment of the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication engineering, the frequency range of X band is rather indefinitely set at approximately 7.0 to 11.2 gigahertz . In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified...
(simultaneous RCP and LCP). It can receive two carriers in S-Band
S band
The S band is defined by an IEEE standard for radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 to 4 GHz, crossing the conventional boundary between UHF and SHF at 3.0 GHz. It is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum...
and two carriers in X-Band
X band
The X band is a segment of the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication engineering, the frequency range of X band is rather indefinitely set at approximately 7.0 to 11.2 gigahertz . In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified...
. The system will have a G/T of 37.5/51 dB/k (45° elevation, clear sky) for S/X Band. The station is also equipped to control remotely from the ISTRAC Network Control Centre (NCC).
32m Antenna
The first one is a 32-meter Deep Space Antenna. The wheel and track 32-m antenna is a state-of-the-art system that will support the Chandrayaan-1 mission operations and beyond. This is co-located with 18-m antenna in the IDSN site at Byalalu. A fibre optics / satellite link will provide the necessary connectivity between the IDSN site and Spacecraft Control Centre / Network Control Centre. This antenna is designed to provide uplink in both S-Band (20/2 kW) and X-Band (2.5 kW), either through RCP or LCP. The reception capability will be in both S-Band and X-Band (simultaneous RCP & LCP). It can receive two carriers in S-Band and one carrier in X-Band, simultaneously. The system will have a G/T of 37.5/51 dB/K (45° elevation, clear sky) for S/X-Band. The base-band will adhere to CCSDS Standards facilitating cross-support among the space agencies. The station is also equipped for remote control from the ISTRAC Network Control Centre (NCC).18m Antenna
The second one is a 18-meter Deep Space Antenna. A fibre optic / satellite link will provide the necessary communication link between the IDSN Station and Mission Operations Complex (MOX) / Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC). This antenna is capable of S-Band uplink (2 kW) and both X-Band and S-Band downlink. This system has provision to receive two downlink carriers in S-Band and one carrier in X-Band (RCP and LCP) simultaneously, whereas, the uplink is either RCP or LCP. The system will have a G/T of 30/39.5 dB/K (45º elevation, clear sky) for S/X-Band. The base-band system will adhere to the CCSDS Standards. The station can be remotely operated from ISTRAC Network Control Centre (NCC).11m Antenna
The third one is a 11-meter Terminal Antenna which was built for the ASTROSATAstrosat
Astrosat is India's first dedicated astronomy satellite and is scheduled to launch on board the PSLV in 2012. After the success of the satellite-borne Indian X-ray Astronomy Experiment , which was launched in 1996, the Indian Space Research Organization has approved further development for a full...
Mission. It started tracking satellites in July, 2009.
Chandrayaan-1
The Indian Deep Space Network has been built to track and support India's first lunar mission Chandrayaan-1, an unmanned lunar explorationExploration of the Moon
The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the...
mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Indian Space Research Organisation
The Indian Space Research Organisation is an independent Indian governmental agency established in 1969 for the research and development of vehicles and activities for the exploration of space within and outside of Earth’s atmosphere. Headquartered in Bangalore...
, India's national space agency. It was launched on 22 October 2008. The IDSN will be used for tracking, orbit control and housekeeping operations of India's lunar mission for its entire duration of two years. IDSN began to track Chandrayaan 17 minutes after its launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Launch Centre at Sriharikota
Sriharikota
Sriharikota is a barrier island off the coast of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It houses India's only satellite launch centre in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre and is used by the Indian Space Research Organisation to launch satellites using multi-stage rockets such as the Polar...
, when the satellite separated from the launch vehicle.
See also
- Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)Indian Space Research OrganisationThe Indian Space Research Organisation is an independent Indian governmental agency established in 1969 for the research and development of vehicles and activities for the exploration of space within and outside of Earth’s atmosphere. Headquartered in Bangalore...
- Chandrayaan-1
- Exploration of the MoonExploration of the MoonThe physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the...
- ISRO Telemetry Tracking and Command Network
- Deep Space NetworkDeep Space NetworkThe Deep Space Network, or DSN, is a world-wide network of large antennas and communication facilities that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions. It also performs radio and radar astronomy observations for the exploration of the solar system and the universe, and supports selected...
- Chinese Deep Space NetworkChinese Deep Space NetworkThe Chinese Deep Space Network is a network of large antennas and communication facilities that supports the lunar and interplanetary spacecraft missions of China....