Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System
Encyclopedia
The Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System is a group of parks, parkways, and boulevards in Indianapolis
, Indiana
that was designed by landscape architect George Edward Kessler in the early part of the twentieth century. Also known as the Kessler System, the district includes 3474 acres (1,405.9 ha) and has shaped the city through the present day. This Historic District
was added to the National Register of Historic Places
in 2003.
Twelve parks within these boundaries with a total area of more than 1118 acres (452.4 ha) are listed properties of the district. They include Brookside Park
, Christian Park, Ellenberger Park, Garfield Park
, Rhodius Park, Riverside Park, Spades Park, University Square
, and Willard Park.
Six parkways extending for 34.8 miles (56 km) and containing 2153.5 acres (871.5 ha) link the various parks and major city streets. The parkways are Fall Creek, White River, Brookside, Pleasant Run, Ellenberger, and Burdsall.
Also included in the district are several stone and stone-clad decorative bridges over Fall Creek, White River, and other streams. Some of these carry major streets, such as the Capitol Avenue, Meridian Street, Illinois Street bridges over Fall Creek and the 30th Street bridge over White River. Others span smaller streams within the parks, such as the Crooked Creek bridge in Riverside Park and the filled spandrel concrete foot bridge in Brookside Park.
, the desire for parks grew. In 1864 the city took operative control of state-owned Military Park
, University Square
, and the Governor's Circle after previously rejecting, during the preceding five years, offers of various citizens to donate land to be developed as parks.
The land that would become Brookside Park
was purchased by the City Council in 1870, and in 1873 Southern Park, later renamed Garfield Park
, was acquired. However, neither site was developed until the 1880s, when citizens working at times privately and at other times in conjunction with the city, began to make improvements.
and Fall Creek
from Washington Street
to the Indiana State Fairgrounds
, but this plan was rejected as too extravagant.
The next year (1895) the Parks Board, which had been established under auspices of state legislation initially drafted by the Commercial Club, hired John Charles Olmsted
, stepson of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.
, to develop a plan for future parks. His plan was similar to Earnshaw's, with a focus on the waterways and including boulevards, small parks, and several large regional parks. However, opposition soon arose, especially from the south and east sides of the city because those areas would not benefit from the new park system even though they would be taxed for it. In 1897 the state law enabling the creation of the Parks Board was declared unconstitutional; a new law was enacted in 1899, but the controversy over the plan continued.
Despite the opposition to the Olmsted plan, the city under Mayor Thomas Taggart
purchased 1100 acres (445.2 ha) of land during the early 1900s, including much of what became Riverside Park. That park, however, had not been envisioned in Olmsted's plan. Construction of boulevards along the streams was also begun, with sections of Fall Creek Boulevard between Capitol and Central Avenues and of Pleasant Run Boulevard between Raymond and Beecher Streets being completed by 1906; boulevards along the east side of White River north of Michigan Street and through Riverside Park was also being built.
in 1892 and Cincinnati
in 1907; he had also planned the grounds of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition
in St. Louis. Kessler had already been hired by the city to plan a boulevard system. After a year of study, Kessler presented his Park and Boulevard Plan combining the City Beautiful Movement
with the City Practical one in 1909. That same year he helped to obtain the passage of a new state law that allowed the Parks Board to levy taxes for the purchase and improvement of parks.
Kessler retained many of the elements of the Earnshaw and Olmsted plans, including the linear parks and boulevards along White River and Fall Creek. However, his plan was much more far-reaching in scope, encompassing all the open public land in the city. Parkways would follow the four major watercourses in the city - White River, Fall Creek, Pleasant Run, and Pogue's Run
- taking advantage of the meandering streams, open vistas, and wooded areas that the city's geography afforded. Besides their aesthetic aspects, the parkways also helped prevent pollution of the waterways and provided flood control. Kessler's plan also linked the boulevards with major city streets, including Meridian Street
, Washington Boulevard, and Maple Road (now 38th Street), with those streets also being beautified.
Decorative stone-clad arched bridges spanning White River and Fall Creek are an important component of Kessler's plan. Several of these predate the plan, having been designed by City Engineer J. Clyde Power to replace existing iron bridges. Kessler himself designed a new bridge on Capitol Avenue over Fall Creek.
By including all sections of the city in his plan, Kessler was able to overcome many of the objections raised by residents whose areas had been overlooked by the earlier plans. Moreover, the 1909 law which he had championed provided for differing tax rates for the various sections of city, depending on the scale of park improvements in each section.
Kessler and his firm created designs for several of the existing and new parks within his plan, including University Park in 1914, Garfield Park
in 1915, and Riverside Park in 1916. The plan for Garfield Park is one of the few complete park plans created by Kessler during his career. Kessler gave each major park in the plan its own character. For example, he created formal sunken gardens for Garfield Park, retained the large stands of trees in Ellenberger Park, and recommended a large central fountain with formal pathways for University Park.
The effect of Kessler's plan began to be seen immediately. For example, Dr. Henry Johnson, who became chairman of the Park Board in 1908, persuaded the leaders of St. Vincent Hospital to move the location of the proposed new hospital building several hundred yards from the banks of Fall Creek to allow space for the boulevard and improvements on the creek's banks.
The success of Kessler's plan for Indianapolis led several other cities in Indiana to engage his services. His plans for Fort Wayne
, South Bend
, and Terre Haute
all incorporated the ideals of the City Beautiful Movement. He also advised on plans for Anderson
, Evansville
, Marion
, and Peru
.
In 1922 the Board of Park Commissioners again hired Kessler to design extensions to the boulevard system in what was then the far northern reaches of the city. He recommended that Fort Benjamin Harrison
on the northeast side be connected to the northwest side of town via a 100 feet (30.5 m)-wide boulevard encompassing portions of Cooper Road and 56th and 59th Streets. Construction had just begun on the project when Kessler died in March of 1923 while in Indianapolis. In recognition of the impact and value of his plan, the city named the new parkway Kessler Boulevard in his honor.
and attended the Harvard School of Landscape Architecture, took over as city planner for Indianapolis. He continued the implementation of Kessler's plan over the next decades. In 1928 he presented an expanded version of the plan that proposed parks and parkways throughout Marion County
. Sheridan's plan envisioned parkways along most of the smaller streams within the county not already included in Kessler's plan, but those additions were generally never implemented.
Several lengthy stretches of the parkways in Kessler's plan were not completed until the 1930s. At that time projects under the Federal Emergency Relief Administration
and the Works Progress Administration
completed Fall Creek Parkway, Pleasant Run Parkway, Riverside Drive, and Kessler Boulevard.
. In 2003 the city officially recognized the importance of the Kessler System and worked with the Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology to document the entire 3400 acres (1,375.9 ha) system and place it on the National Register of Historic Places
as a Historic District
.
Kessler's plan has influenced the development of Indianapolis to the present day. The system of parkways and boulevards reinforced the perception that the northern and eastern sides of town were the most desirable places to live. One of Kessler's recommendations in 1909 was for a court of public buildings and green space leading west from the Indiana State House
to the White River. This was realized in spirit about 80 years later with the construction of the Indiana Government South Building and the development of White River State Park
.
Indianapolis
Indianapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 839,489. It is by far Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S...
, Indiana
Indiana
Indiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...
that was designed by landscape architect George Edward Kessler in the early part of the twentieth century. Also known as the Kessler System, the district includes 3474 acres (1,405.9 ha) and has shaped the city through the present day. This Historic District
Historic district
A historic district or heritage district is a section of a city which contains older buildings considered valuable for historical or architectural reasons. In some countries, historic districts receive legal protection from development....
was added to the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
in 2003.
Components
The Park and Boulevard System consists of a number of components comprising 3474 acres (1,405.9 ha) in an area roughly bounded by 38th Street and Emerson, Southern, and Tibbs Avenues with extensions on Fall Creek and Pleasant Run Parkways to Shadeland Avenue.Twelve parks within these boundaries with a total area of more than 1118 acres (452.4 ha) are listed properties of the district. They include Brookside Park
Brookside Park (Indianapolis)
Brookside Park is a municipal park in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located at 3500 Brookside Parkway S. Drive on the near-eastside of Indianapolis, just north of the Rural-Sherman neighborhood...
, Christian Park, Ellenberger Park, Garfield Park
Garfield Park Conservatory and Sunken Gardens
Garfield Park is a regional city park in Indianapolis, Indiana. Established in the late 19th century, it is the oldest city park in Indianapolis and is on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located at the confluence of Pleasant Run and Bean Creeks on the near Southside of...
, Rhodius Park, Riverside Park, Spades Park, University Square
University Park
The term University Park may refer to:In the United States*University Park, Los Angeles, California, home of the University of Southern California*University Park, Florida, in Miami-Dade County, home of Florida International University...
, and Willard Park.
Six parkways extending for 34.8 miles (56 km) and containing 2153.5 acres (871.5 ha) link the various parks and major city streets. The parkways are Fall Creek, White River, Brookside, Pleasant Run, Ellenberger, and Burdsall.
Also included in the district are several stone and stone-clad decorative bridges over Fall Creek, White River, and other streams. Some of these carry major streets, such as the Capitol Avenue, Meridian Street, Illinois Street bridges over Fall Creek and the 30th Street bridge over White River. Others span smaller streams within the parks, such as the Crooked Creek bridge in Riverside Park and the filled spandrel concrete foot bridge in Brookside Park.
Background
In its first 40 years, Indianapolis did not see much need for organized park land because the pastures and other open areas in and near the still small town were easily accessible by the inhabitants. As the city gained population during and after the Civil WarAmerican Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
, the desire for parks grew. In 1864 the city took operative control of state-owned Military Park
Military Park
-Local parks:*Military Park : in Indianapolis, Indiana*Military Park : in Newark, New Jersey*Military Park :-National Parks:...
, University Square
University Park
The term University Park may refer to:In the United States*University Park, Los Angeles, California, home of the University of Southern California*University Park, Florida, in Miami-Dade County, home of Florida International University...
, and the Governor's Circle after previously rejecting, during the preceding five years, offers of various citizens to donate land to be developed as parks.
The land that would become Brookside Park
Brookside Park (Indianapolis)
Brookside Park is a municipal park in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located at 3500 Brookside Parkway S. Drive on the near-eastside of Indianapolis, just north of the Rural-Sherman neighborhood...
was purchased by the City Council in 1870, and in 1873 Southern Park, later renamed Garfield Park
Garfield Park Conservatory and Sunken Gardens
Garfield Park is a regional city park in Indianapolis, Indiana. Established in the late 19th century, it is the oldest city park in Indianapolis and is on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located at the confluence of Pleasant Run and Bean Creeks on the near Southside of...
, was acquired. However, neither site was developed until the 1880s, when citizens working at times privately and at other times in conjunction with the city, began to make improvements.
Early plans
In 1894 the Commercial Club, which later became the Chamber of Commerce, hired Joseph Earnshaw, a landscape architect from Cincinnati, Ohio, to develop a park plan for the city. He recommended construction of a boulevard lined with parks running along the White RiverWhite River (Indiana)
The White River is a two-forked river that flows through central and southern Indiana and is the main tributary to the Wabash River. Via the west fork, considered to be the main stem of the river by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, the White River is long.-West Fork:The West Fork, long, is...
and Fall Creek
Fall Creek (Indiana)
Fall Creek is a non-navigable waterway in Indiana, and a tributary of the White River. It is long and has a watershed drainage area of in central Indiana before flowing into the White River in Indianapolis...
from Washington Street
Washington Street (Indianapolis)
Washington Street is the primary east-west street in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The street follows the route of the National Road for almost all of its length in the city of Indianapolis. For a time, its entire length was designated as U.S...
to the Indiana State Fairgrounds
Indiana State Fair
The Indiana State Fair is an annual fair held in Indianapolis, Indiana, usually in the month of August. The first fair was held in 1881 and the 2009 fair had the highest number of attendees at 973,902....
, but this plan was rejected as too extravagant.
The next year (1895) the Parks Board, which had been established under auspices of state legislation initially drafted by the Commercial Club, hired John Charles Olmsted
John Charles Olmsted
John Charles Olmsted , the nephew and adopted son of Frederick Law Olmsted, was an American landscape architect. With his brother, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., he founded Olmsted Brothers, a landscape design firm in Brookline, Massachusetts. The firm is famous for designing many urban parks,...
, stepson of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.
Frederick Law Olmsted
Frederick Law Olmsted was an American journalist, social critic, public administrator, and landscape designer. He is popularly considered to be the father of American landscape architecture, although many scholars have bestowed that title upon Andrew Jackson Downing...
, to develop a plan for future parks. His plan was similar to Earnshaw's, with a focus on the waterways and including boulevards, small parks, and several large regional parks. However, opposition soon arose, especially from the south and east sides of the city because those areas would not benefit from the new park system even though they would be taxed for it. In 1897 the state law enabling the creation of the Parks Board was declared unconstitutional; a new law was enacted in 1899, but the controversy over the plan continued.
Despite the opposition to the Olmsted plan, the city under Mayor Thomas Taggart
Thomas Taggart
Thomas Taggart was a U.S. political figure, serving as mayor of Indianapolis and influential in state and national politics.-Early life and family:...
purchased 1100 acres (445.2 ha) of land during the early 1900s, including much of what became Riverside Park. That park, however, had not been envisioned in Olmsted's plan. Construction of boulevards along the streams was also begun, with sections of Fall Creek Boulevard between Capitol and Central Avenues and of Pleasant Run Boulevard between Raymond and Beecher Streets being completed by 1906; boulevards along the east side of White River north of Michigan Street and through Riverside Park was also being built.
George Kessler's plan
By 1907 the Parks Board realized that it needed a new comprehensive plan, and from 1908 to 1915 it engaged George Edward Kessler as a consulting landscape architect. Kessler was already well-known, having created plans for Kansas City, MissouriKansas City, Missouri
Kansas City, Missouri is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri and is the anchor city of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the second largest metropolitan area in Missouri. It encompasses in parts of Jackson, Clay, Cass, and Platte counties...
in 1892 and Cincinnati
City Plan for Cincinnati
The City Plan for Cincinnati is a set of plans to guide the development of Cincinnati. The earliest such plan was the 1907 Park Plan created by George Kessler. Every 20 or 30 years since then new comprehensive plans have been created as the city has grown....
in 1907; he had also planned the grounds of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition
Louisiana Purchase Exposition
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as the Saint Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States in 1904.- Background :...
in St. Louis. Kessler had already been hired by the city to plan a boulevard system. After a year of study, Kessler presented his Park and Boulevard Plan combining the City Beautiful Movement
City Beautiful movement
The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy concerning North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of using beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. The movement, which was originally associated mainly with Chicago,...
with the City Practical one in 1909. That same year he helped to obtain the passage of a new state law that allowed the Parks Board to levy taxes for the purchase and improvement of parks.
Kessler retained many of the elements of the Earnshaw and Olmsted plans, including the linear parks and boulevards along White River and Fall Creek. However, his plan was much more far-reaching in scope, encompassing all the open public land in the city. Parkways would follow the four major watercourses in the city - White River, Fall Creek, Pleasant Run, and Pogue's Run
Pogue's Run
Pogue's Run is a creek starting on the eastside of Indianapolis, which eventually ends up running through aqueducts beneath the downtown area. It is named for George Pogue, who along with John Wesley McCormick founded what would become the city of Indianapolis.-History:Prior to Pogue and...
- taking advantage of the meandering streams, open vistas, and wooded areas that the city's geography afforded. Besides their aesthetic aspects, the parkways also helped prevent pollution of the waterways and provided flood control. Kessler's plan also linked the boulevards with major city streets, including Meridian Street
Meridian Street (Indianapolis)
Meridian Street is the primary north-south street in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.Meridian Street was formerly aligned with US 31 for much of its length in the city of Indianapolis, before being re-routed to a segment of Interstate 465. The street delineates east addresses from west...
, Washington Boulevard, and Maple Road (now 38th Street), with those streets also being beautified.
Decorative stone-clad arched bridges spanning White River and Fall Creek are an important component of Kessler's plan. Several of these predate the plan, having been designed by City Engineer J. Clyde Power to replace existing iron bridges. Kessler himself designed a new bridge on Capitol Avenue over Fall Creek.
By including all sections of the city in his plan, Kessler was able to overcome many of the objections raised by residents whose areas had been overlooked by the earlier plans. Moreover, the 1909 law which he had championed provided for differing tax rates for the various sections of city, depending on the scale of park improvements in each section.
Kessler and his firm created designs for several of the existing and new parks within his plan, including University Park in 1914, Garfield Park
Garfield Park Conservatory and Sunken Gardens
Garfield Park is a regional city park in Indianapolis, Indiana. Established in the late 19th century, it is the oldest city park in Indianapolis and is on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located at the confluence of Pleasant Run and Bean Creeks on the near Southside of...
in 1915, and Riverside Park in 1916. The plan for Garfield Park is one of the few complete park plans created by Kessler during his career. Kessler gave each major park in the plan its own character. For example, he created formal sunken gardens for Garfield Park, retained the large stands of trees in Ellenberger Park, and recommended a large central fountain with formal pathways for University Park.
The effect of Kessler's plan began to be seen immediately. For example, Dr. Henry Johnson, who became chairman of the Park Board in 1908, persuaded the leaders of St. Vincent Hospital to move the location of the proposed new hospital building several hundred yards from the banks of Fall Creek to allow space for the boulevard and improvements on the creek's banks.
The success of Kessler's plan for Indianapolis led several other cities in Indiana to engage his services. His plans for Fort Wayne
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fort Wayne is a city in the US state of Indiana and the county seat of Allen County. The population was 253,691 at the 2010 Census making it the 74th largest city in the United States and the second largest in Indiana...
, South Bend
South Bend, Indiana
The city of South Bend is the county seat of St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States, on the St. Joseph River near its southernmost bend, from which it derives its name. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total of 101,168 residents; its Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 316,663...
, and Terre Haute
Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute is a city and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States, near the state's western border with Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,785 and its metropolitan area had a population of 170,943. The city is the county seat of Vigo County and...
all incorporated the ideals of the City Beautiful Movement. He also advised on plans for Anderson
Anderson, Indiana
Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Indiana, United States. It is the principal city of the Anderson, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Madison county. Anderson is the headquarters of the Church of God and home of Anderson University, which is...
, Evansville
Evansville, Indiana
Evansville is the third-largest city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the largest city in Southern Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 117,429. It is the county seat of Vanderburgh County and the regional hub for both Southwestern Indiana and the...
, Marion
Marion, Indiana
Marion is a city in Grant County, Indiana, United States. The population was 29,948 as of the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Grant County...
, and Peru
Peru, Indiana
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 12,994 people, 5,410 households, and 3,397 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,815.5 people per square mile . There were 5,943 housing units at an average density of 1,287.7 per square mile...
.
In 1922 the Board of Park Commissioners again hired Kessler to design extensions to the boulevard system in what was then the far northern reaches of the city. He recommended that Fort Benjamin Harrison
Fort Benjamin Harrison
Fort Benjamin Harrison was a U.S. Army post located in suburban Lawrence, Indiana, northeast of Indianapolis. It is named for the 23rd United States President, Benjamin Harrison. Land was purchased in 1903, with the post being officially named for President Harrison in honor of Indianapolis being...
on the northeast side be connected to the northwest side of town via a 100 feet (30.5 m)-wide boulevard encompassing portions of Cooper Road and 56th and 59th Streets. Construction had just begun on the project when Kessler died in March of 1923 while in Indianapolis. In recognition of the impact and value of his plan, the city named the new parkway Kessler Boulevard in his honor.
After Kessler
By the time of Kessler's death a large portion of the plan had been constructed. Lawrence Sheridan, who had graduated from Purdue UniversityPurdue University
Purdue University, located in West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S., is the flagship university of the six-campus Purdue University system. Purdue was founded on May 6, 1869, as a land-grant university when the Indiana General Assembly, taking advantage of the Morrill Act, accepted a donation of land and...
and attended the Harvard School of Landscape Architecture, took over as city planner for Indianapolis. He continued the implementation of Kessler's plan over the next decades. In 1928 he presented an expanded version of the plan that proposed parks and parkways throughout Marion County
Marion County, Indiana
Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. Census 2010 recorded a population of 903,393, making it the largest county in the state and 55th most populated county in the country, greater than the population of six states. The county seat is Indianapolis, the state capital and...
. Sheridan's plan envisioned parkways along most of the smaller streams within the county not already included in Kessler's plan, but those additions were generally never implemented.
Several lengthy stretches of the parkways in Kessler's plan were not completed until the 1930s. At that time projects under the Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Federal Emergency Relief Administration was the new name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the Emergency Relief Administration which President Herbert Hoover had created in 1932...
and the Works Progress Administration
Works Progress Administration
The Works Progress Administration was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects...
completed Fall Creek Parkway, Pleasant Run Parkway, Riverside Drive, and Kessler Boulevard.
Recent years
The passage of time saw the aging and deterioration of the parks and other components of the system. The 1990s a major rehabilitation of the sunken gardens in Garfield Park was undertaken. The Indy Greenways plan has brought renewed attention to the parkways by creating trails such as the Pleasant Run TrailPleasant Run Trail
The Pleasant Run Trail, also known as the Pleasant Run Greenway, is a pedestrian and bicycle trail in Indianapolis, Indiana. It runs for from Ellenberger Pack, through Christian Park, to Garfield Park. It follows the general course of Pleasant Run Creek as it flows to the south and west...
. In 2003 the city officially recognized the importance of the Kessler System and worked with the Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology to document the entire 3400 acres (1,375.9 ha) system and place it on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
as a Historic District
Historic district
A historic district or heritage district is a section of a city which contains older buildings considered valuable for historical or architectural reasons. In some countries, historic districts receive legal protection from development....
.
Kessler's plan has influenced the development of Indianapolis to the present day. The system of parkways and boulevards reinforced the perception that the northern and eastern sides of town were the most desirable places to live. One of Kessler's recommendations in 1909 was for a court of public buildings and green space leading west from the Indiana State House
Indiana State House
The Indiana Statehouse is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Indiana. Housing the Indiana General Assembly, the office of the Governor of Indiana, the Supreme Court of Indiana, and other state officials, it is located in the state capital Indianapolis at 200 West Washington Street...
to the White River. This was realized in spirit about 80 years later with the construction of the Indiana Government South Building and the development of White River State Park
White River State Park
White River State ParkDesignationState ParkLocationIndianapolis, Indiana USANearest CityIndianapolis, IndianaArea Date of Establishment1979Governing Body...
.