Indigenous people under the nation-state have experienced exclusion and dispossession. With the rise in globalization, the conditions indigenous populations live under have worsened. At times, national governments are negotiating natural resources without taking into account whether or not these resources exist on indigenous lands. In this sense for many indigenous populations, the effects of globalization mirror the effects of the conquest in the mid 16th century. With the excesses of globalization greatly impacting indigenous populations, one finds that in recent decades there has been an emergence of indigenous movements in various countries on the North and South American continent. If one were to take a look at these movements they would find that they share many similarities. Many of these movements seek specific rights for the indigenous populations they represent. These rights include the right to self determination and the right to preserve their culture and heritage. However, that is not to say that these groups do not differ. One of the main differences among these groups is not their objectives but the way in which they organize themselves to meet their objectives. There has been a movement in Latin America to unite indigenous populations that are separated only by the borders of the countries that they live in. These movements seek to have their message heard not just on a national level but on a transhemispheric level. The following are examples of groups that have made the move to organize in order to be heard on a transnational level. These movements do not call for indigenous rights to be contained within a certain country, but rather to have indigenous rights become a universal right to be acknowledged by all countries with indigenous populations.

Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin (COICA)

This organization coordinates the following nine national Amazonian indigenous organizations:

• Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Rainforest (AIDESEP)
• Amerindian People’s Association of Guyana (APA)
• Confederation of Indigenous people of Bolivia (CIDOB)
• Coordination of the Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon
  Coordination of the Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon
  Coordination of the Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon or COIAB is a Brazilian indigenous organization composed by several indigenous rights organizations of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. It was created at a meeting of indigenous leaders in April 1989 and is now composed of 75 member...
  
   (COIAB)
• Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon (CONFENIAE)
• Regional Organization of Indigenous Towns of the Amazon
• Federation des Organisations Amerindiennes de Guyane
• Organization Van Inheemsen in Suriname
• Organization of the Indigenous Towns of the Colombian Amazonia

Indian Council of South America (CISA)

The Indian Council of South America was founded in 1980. It is a non-governmental organization that works in consultation with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. This council also seeks to maintain relations with international agencies such as UNESCO, FAO, and WHO. One of CISA’s objectives is to promote respect for the right to life, justice, development, peace, and autonomy of the indigenous peoples and Nations.
CISA also coordinates an exchange of knowledge, experiences and projects between indigenous peoples and nations in respect to development that will improve their welfare.

International Maya League

One of the most important goals for the Maya League is to return to the Mayan balance that was interrupted with the Spanish conquest of 1524. This group, similar to COICA works to preserve and inform people about the culture of the Mayan people. This group has reached out to other states like Costa Rica and some of the states in the United States in order to carry out activities in the areas of teaching, research, and services. One of the defining factors about this group is that it does not have any formal leadership roles appointed to any one person. Rather, the Mayan League sticks to its ancestral beliefs that all can participate in decision making activity. Some of the problems that the Maya League seeks to combat are racism, repression, marginalization, and poverty. Currently, there is a large population of Maya living in Guatemala.

Mexico

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...

 has the most adapted Modern Maya peoples

Maya peoples

The Maya people constitute a diverse range of the Native American people of southern Mexico and northern Central America. The overarching term "Maya" is a collective designation to include the peoples of the region who share some degree of cultural and linguistic heritage; however, the term...

 today, they are from Mayan Yucatec branch, most of them totally integrated into the Mexican economy, from peasants, retail, handcraft or "Maquiladora" factory workers to Doctors, Engineers and Politicians.

Indigenous Organizations According to Country

Argentina

• Indigenous Association of the Republic of Argentina (AIRA)
• National Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Argentina (ONPIA)

Belize

• Belize Indigenous Training Institute
• Caribbean Organization of Indigenous Peoples (COIP)

Bolivia

• Confederation of Indigenous people of Bolivia, also known as Indigenous Confederation of the East, Chaco, and Bolivian Amazon (CIDOB)
• Sole Union Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia (CSUTCB)
• National Counsel of Ayllus and Markas of Quallasuyo (CONAMAQ)
• Organization of Aymara Women of Kollasuyo

Brazil

• Coordination of the Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon
  Coordination of the Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon
  Coordination of the Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon or COIAB is a Brazilian indigenous organization composed by several indigenous rights organizations of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. It was created at a meeting of indigenous leaders in April 1989 and is now composed of 75 member...
  
   (COIAB)
• Coordinating Council of Indigenous Peoples and Organizations of Brazil (CAPOIB)
• Indianist Missionary Council (CIMI)
• Indigenous Council of Roraima
• Pro-Yanomami Commission (CCPY)
• Union of Indigenous Nations of Acre and South of the Amazon (UNI-AC)

Canada

• Assembly of First Nations
  Assembly of First Nations
  The Assembly of First Nations , formerly known as the National Indian Brotherhood, is a body of First Nations leaders in Canada...
  
  
• Métis National Council
  Métis National Council
  The Métis National Council is the representative of the Northwest Métis people within Canada.-History:The National Council was formed in 1983, following the recognition of the Métis as an aboriginal people in Canada, in Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982...
  
  
• Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
  Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
  The Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami is a nonprofit organization in Canada that represents over 50,400 Inuit. It was founded in 1971 by Tagak Curley as the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada...
  
  
• Pauktuutit
  Pauktuutit
  Pauktuutit is an organization in Canada that represents Inuit women. It was officially started in 1984 and is headquartered in Ottawa for easier access to the Parliament of Canada. Every Canadian Inuit woman is considered to be a member of Pauktuutit...
  
  
• Native Women's Association of Canada
  Native Women's Association of Canada
  The Native Women's Association of Canada, or NWAC, is one of Canada's National Aboriginal Organizations, and represents Aboriginal women, particularly First Nations and Métis women. Inuit women are represented by the separate organization, Pauktuutit...
  
  
• Confederation of Aboriginal People of Canada
• Centre for Indigenous Sovereignty
• Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
  Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
  Congress of Aboriginal Peoples founded in 1971 as the Native Council of Canada, is a Canadian aboriginal organization, that represents Aboriginal Peoples who live off Indian reserves, either in urban and rural areas across Canada.Each CAP affiliate has its own constitution and is separately...
  
  
• First Peoples National Party of Canada
  First Peoples National Party of Canada
  The First Peoples National Party of Canada is a registered federal political party in Canada. It intends to advance the issues of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada by nominating candidates for election in electoral districts with large Aboriginal populations.The FPNPC held its first organizational...
  
  
• National Centre for First Nations Governance

Chile

• Council of All the Mapuche Lands (CTLTM)
• Nehuen-Mapu Mapuche Association
• Nankuchew Indigenous Association of Nag-Che Territory
• Development and Communications Organization, Xeg-Xeg Mapuche

Colombia

• National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
  National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
  The National Indigenous Organization of Colombia is an organization representing the indigenous peoples of Colombia, who comprise some 800,000 people or approximately 2% of the population...
  
   (ONIC)
• Movement of Indigenous Authorities of Colombia (AICO)
• Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon (OPIAC)
• Authorities of Traditional U’wa Indigenous of Boyaca
• Council of Embera Katio Alto Sinu
• Regional Indigenous Counsel of Cauca (CRIC)
• Indigenous Organization of Antioquia

Costa Rica

• National Indigenous Table of Costa Rica
• Regional Aboriginal Association of Dikes (ARADIKES)
• Bribri Cabagra Indigenous Association

Ecuador

• Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE)
• Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadoran Amazon (CONFENIAE)
• Confederation of Peoples of Kichua National of Ecuador
  ECUARUNARI
  ECUARUNARI , also known as Confederation of Peoples of Kichwa Nationality is the organization of indigenous peoples of Kichwa nationality in the Ecuadorian central mountain region, founded in 1972.Twelve ethnic groups of the region—Natabuela, Otavalos, Karanki , Kayampi...
  
   (ECUARUNARI)
• National Confederation of Campesino, Indigenous, and Black Organizations (FENOCIN)
• Ecuadorian Federation of Evangelical Indigenous (FEINE)
• Scientific Institute of Indigenous Cultures

El Salvador

• Coordinating Association of Indigenous Communities of El Salvador
• National Salvadoran Indigenous Association
• National Indigenous Coordinating Council of El Salvador

Guatemala

• Coordination of Organizations of the Maya People of Guatemala Saqb’ichill (COPMAGUA)
• National Coordination of Widows of Guatemala (CONAVIGUA)
• National Indigenous and Campesino Coordination (CONIC)
• Maya Defenders
• Rigoberta Menchu Tum Foundation

Guyana

• Federation of Amerindian Organizations of Guyana (FOAG)
• Amerindian Peoples’ Association of Guyana (APA)

Honduras

• Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH)
• Confederation of Autochthonous Peoples of Honduras (CONPAH)

Mexico

• National Pluralistic Indigenous Assembly for Autonomy
• National Indigenous Congress (CNI)
• National Coordination of Indigenous Women
• National Confederation of Coffee Grower Organizations (CNOC)
• Organization of Traditional Indigenous Doctors and Midwives of Chiapas (COMPITCH)
• Guerreran Counsel 500 Years of Indigenous Resistance
• Tepeyac Human Rights Center of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
• Union of Indigenous Communities in the Northern Zone of the Isthmus (UCIZONI)
• Zapatista Army of National Liberation
  Zapatista Army of National Liberation
  The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is a revolutionary leftist group based in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico....
  
   (EZLN)
• Popular Indigenous Council of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón"

Nicaragua

• Communitarian Miskito Nation
• Association of Indigenous Women on the Atlantic Coast (AMICA)
• Indigenous Movement of Jinotega (MIJ)

Panama

• National Coordination of Indigenous Peoples of Panama (COONAPIP)
• General Congress of Kuna Culture (CGCK)
• Institute for the Integral Development of Kuna Yala (IDIKY)
• Movement of Kuna Youth (of the General Kuna Congress)
• Ngobe-Bugle General Congress

Paraguay

• Coordination of Indigenous Peoples of the Cuenca of Pilcomayo River
• Native League for Autonomy, Justice, and Ethics

Peru

• Permanent Coordination of Indigenous Peoples of Peru (COPPIP)
• Interethnic Association of Development of the Peruvian Jungle (AIDESPEP)
• Native Federation of Madre de Dios River and Streams (FENAMAD)

Puerto Rico

• United Confederation of Taino People (UCTP)

Suriname

• Organization of the Indigenous of Suriname

Venezuela

• National Indian Council Venezuela (CONIVE)
• Regional Organization of Indigenous Amazonian Peoples (ORPIA)

United States

• International Indian Treaty Council
  International Indian Treaty Council
  -Mission:The International Indian Treaty Council is an organization of Indigenous Peoples from North,Central, South America, the Caribbean and the Pacific working for the Sovereignty and Self- Determination of Indigenous Peoples and the recognition and protection of Indigenous Rights, Treaties,...
  
  
• National Congress of American Indians
  National Congress of American Indians
  The National Congress of American Indians is a American Indian and Alaska Native indigenous rights organization. It was founded in 1944 in response to termination and assimilation policies that the U.S. government forced upon the tribal governments in contradiction of their treaty rights and...
  
  
• National Indian Youth Council
  National Indian Youth Council
  The National Indian Youth Council or "NIYC" is considered the nation’s second oldest American Indian organization and currently has a membership of more than 15,000 nationwide. It was the first independent Native student organization, and one of the first Native organizations to use direct action...
  
  
• Native American Rights Fund
  Native American Rights Fund
  The Native American Rights Fund, also known as NARF, is a non-profit organization that uses existing laws and treaties to ensure that state governments and the national government live up to their legal obligations...
  
  

See also

• List of indigenous rights organizations
• Indigenous Peoples of the Americas
  Indigenous peoples of the Americas
  The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. Indigenous peoples are known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, and in the United States as Native Americans...
  
  
• Zapatista Army of National Liberation
  Zapatista Army of National Liberation
  The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is a revolutionary leftist group based in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico....