IndoStar-1
Encyclopedia
IndoStar-1, which also known as Cakrawarta-1, is a communication satellite that was launched the evening of November 12, 1997 at 21:48 GMT aboard an Ariane 44L-3 rocket from Kourou
, French Guiana, as the first direct broadcasting satellite (DBS) in Asia, IndoStar-1 would initiate a new communication service for Indonesian society such as direct-to-home television.
The IndoStar-1 spacecraft was originally designed and built by a team of engineers, who had up until the IndoStar program, focused on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites for the US government and NASA, at Defense Systems Inc (DSI). DSI was under a 1993 joint contract, together with its sister company International Technologies Inc. (ITI), for the on-orbit turn-key delivery of Indostar-1 for the Indonesian television broadcasting company PT Media Citra Indostar (MCI). The contract, which included; launch, Tracking Telemetry & Control Station, Up-Link Station for 50 MPEG television channels, Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) design, ITU regulatory filings, insurance, and spacecraft - was the first fully turn key contract in the commercial satelltie industry for a satellite system.
In 1995 DSI was bought by Computer Technology Associates (CTA) to form their Space Systems division, and two years later sold to Orbital Sciences Corporation
during the final stages of the satellite integration in early 1997. The Indostar-1 satellite design was developed from scratch by the DSI team to become the first GEO LightSat, their STAR Bus
platform.
IndoStar-1 was the world's first commercial communications satellite that uses S-band frequency, which are less vulnerable to atmospheric interference than higher and more common frequencies of C-band and Ku-band frequencies. Provided high-quality transmissions to small-diameter antennas (70 cm) and penetrated the atmosphere efficiently, this satellite is well suited for Indonesia, the tropical climate country that has heavy rain. This satellite, which is managed and operated by PT Media Citra Indostar (MCI), provides a direct broadcast by high quality digital transmission. Operationally, IndoStar-1 satellite is used for commercial service by cable television
. Cable television uses this satellite to relays international programs and local programs directly that can be received to all over Indonesia.
Indovision
used this satellite for its program until they move to use IndoStar-2.
Kourou
Kourou is a commune in French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.Kourou is the location of the Guiana Space Centre, France and ESA's main spaceport.-Geography:...
, French Guiana, as the first direct broadcasting satellite (DBS) in Asia, IndoStar-1 would initiate a new communication service for Indonesian society such as direct-to-home television.
The IndoStar-1 spacecraft was originally designed and built by a team of engineers, who had up until the IndoStar program, focused on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites for the US government and NASA, at Defense Systems Inc (DSI). DSI was under a 1993 joint contract, together with its sister company International Technologies Inc. (ITI), for the on-orbit turn-key delivery of Indostar-1 for the Indonesian television broadcasting company PT Media Citra Indostar (MCI). The contract, which included; launch, Tracking Telemetry & Control Station, Up-Link Station for 50 MPEG television channels, Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) design, ITU regulatory filings, insurance, and spacecraft - was the first fully turn key contract in the commercial satelltie industry for a satellite system.
In 1995 DSI was bought by Computer Technology Associates (CTA) to form their Space Systems division, and two years later sold to Orbital Sciences Corporation
Orbital Sciences Corporation
Orbital Sciences Corporation is an American company which specializes in the manufacturing and launch of satellites. Its Launch Systems Group is heavily involved with missile defense launch systems...
during the final stages of the satellite integration in early 1997. The Indostar-1 satellite design was developed from scratch by the DSI team to become the first GEO LightSat, their STAR Bus
STAR Bus
STAR Bus is a satellite platform manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation with an apogee kick motor to place a communications satellite into geostationary orbit, a thruster to provide the satellite with orbital station-keeping for a 15 year mission, and solar arrays to provide the satellite...
platform.
IndoStar-1 was the world's first commercial communications satellite that uses S-band frequency, which are less vulnerable to atmospheric interference than higher and more common frequencies of C-band and Ku-band frequencies. Provided high-quality transmissions to small-diameter antennas (70 cm) and penetrated the atmosphere efficiently, this satellite is well suited for Indonesia, the tropical climate country that has heavy rain. This satellite, which is managed and operated by PT Media Citra Indostar (MCI), provides a direct broadcast by high quality digital transmission. Operationally, IndoStar-1 satellite is used for commercial service by cable television
Cable television
Cable television is a system of providing television programs to consumers via radio frequency signals transmitted to televisions through coaxial cables or digital light pulses through fixed optical fibers located on the subscriber's property, much like the over-the-air method used in traditional...
. Cable television uses this satellite to relays international programs and local programs directly that can be received to all over Indonesia.
Indovision
Indovision
Indovision is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite or direct-to-home satellite television and radio service initially in Indonesia. Indovision is currently owned by PT MNC Skyvision.-History:Indovision began operations in 1994....
used this satellite for its program until they move to use IndoStar-2.
Description of IndoStar-1 Satellite
- Status: Satellite was launched via Ariane (V102) in November 1997
- Destination: Geosynchronous Orbit
- Agency: PT Media Citra Indostar, Jakarta
- Performance Launch mass: 1,350 kg
- Class: Communications
- Mission: Provide direct broadcast television to Indonesia (high quality digital transmission, approximately >50 television channels)
- Mission life: 7 years with fuel for 12 years
- Manufacturer: DSI now Orbital Sciences CorporationOrbital Sciences CorporationOrbital Sciences Corporation is an American company which specializes in the manufacturing and launch of satellites. Its Launch Systems Group is heavily involved with missile defense launch systems...