Indonesian National Party
Encyclopedia
The Indonesian National Party is the same used by several political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the present day.
, a young engineer at the time, and members of the Bandung Study Club formed a movement called the Indonesian National Association. In May 1928, the name was changed to the Indonesian National Party. The organization's aim was economic and political independence for the Indonesian archipelago. This would be achieved by non-cooperation with the Dutch colonial regime
. By the end of 1929, the organization had 10,000 members. This alarmed the authorities, and Sukarno and seven party leaders were arrested in December 1929. They were put on trial for being a threat to public order and in September 1930 received sentences of one to three years - Sukarno received the longest sentence. Without its leader, the party was paralyzed and dissolved itself in 1931.
in August 1945, on the same day as the Central Indonesian National Committee
(KNIP) was established, August 22, the Indonesian National Party was established as a state party. However, it was dissolved on September 1 as it was deemed unnecessary.
In January 1946, the Indonesian National Party was revived, but this time without Sukarno, who as president, was above politics. The party attracted considerable support due to its having the same name as Sukarno's original party as well as the short-lived party of August 1945. The party had many key governmental posts from 1945 on and won the largest share of votes in the first Indonesian general election
in 1955. The party programme embraced above all nationalism
; it also favoured a strong centralized government and secularism
.
The left wing of the party was purged following the 1965 coup attempt by the 30 September Movement
, weakening the party. Along with eight other political parties and the government-sponsored Golkar
organization, the PNI contested the 1971 elections
. It came third, but won less than 7% of the vote. In 1973, the PNI along with other nationalist and Christian parties was merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party
in order to limit the number of political parties and to weaken opposition to the regime.
After the fall of President Suharto in 1998, the part was revived and contested the 1999 legislative election
as the Indonesian National Party Marhaenism
.
Pre-independence
On July 4, 1927, SukarnoSukarno
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo was the first President of Indonesia.Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for independence from the Netherlands and was Indonesia's first President from 1945 to 1967...
, a young engineer at the time, and members of the Bandung Study Club formed a movement called the Indonesian National Association. In May 1928, the name was changed to the Indonesian National Party. The organization's aim was economic and political independence for the Indonesian archipelago. This would be achieved by non-cooperation with the Dutch colonial regime
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800....
. By the end of 1929, the organization had 10,000 members. This alarmed the authorities, and Sukarno and seven party leaders were arrested in December 1929. They were put on trial for being a threat to public order and in September 1930 received sentences of one to three years - Sukarno received the longest sentence. Without its leader, the party was paralyzed and dissolved itself in 1931.
Post-independence
Following the Indonesian Declaration of IndependenceIndonesian Declaration of Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, August 17, 1945. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed-resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands until the latter officially acknowledged...
in August 1945, on the same day as the Central Indonesian National Committee
Central Indonesian National Committee
The Central Indonesian National Committee or KNIP, was a body appointed to assist the president of the newly independent Indonesia. Originally purely advisory, it later gained assumed legislative functions...
(KNIP) was established, August 22, the Indonesian National Party was established as a state party. However, it was dissolved on September 1 as it was deemed unnecessary.
In January 1946, the Indonesian National Party was revived, but this time without Sukarno, who as president, was above politics. The party attracted considerable support due to its having the same name as Sukarno's original party as well as the short-lived party of August 1945. The party had many key governmental posts from 1945 on and won the largest share of votes in the first Indonesian general election
Indonesian legislative election, 1955
Indonesia's first parliamentary general election was held on 29 September 1955. The candidates were seeking to be elected to the 257-seat People's Representative Council, which would replace the existing provisional legislature...
in 1955. The party programme embraced above all nationalism
Nationalism
Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what...
; it also favoured a strong centralized government and secularism
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of separation between government institutions and the persons mandated to represent the State from religious institutions and religious dignitaries...
.
The left wing of the party was purged following the 1965 coup attempt by the 30 September Movement
30 September Movement
The Thirtieth of September Movement ) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members who, in the early hours of 1 October 1965, assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive coup d'état. Later that morning, the organization declared that it was in control...
, weakening the party. Along with eight other political parties and the government-sponsored Golkar
Golkar
The Party of the Functional Groups is a political party in Indonesia. It is also known as Sekber Golkar . It was the ruling party during Suharto's regime...
organization, the PNI contested the 1971 elections
Indonesian legislative election, 1971
Indonesia's second legislative election, and the first under the New Order regime, was held on July 3, 1971. There were 10 participants; 9 political parties and the "functional group" Golkar.-Background:...
. It came third, but won less than 7% of the vote. In 1973, the PNI along with other nationalist and Christian parties was merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party
Indonesian Democratic Party
The Indonesian Democratic Party was one of the two state-approved parties during the New Order era of the late 20th-century in Indonesia.-Origins:...
in order to limit the number of political parties and to weaken opposition to the regime.
After the fall of President Suharto in 1998, the part was revived and contested the 1999 legislative election
Indonesian legislative election, 1999
The Indonesian legislative election, 1999, held on June 7, 1999, was the first election since the end of the New Order and the first free election in Indonesia since 1955. With the ending of restrictions on political activity following the fall of Suharto, a total of 48 parties contested the 462...
as the Indonesian National Party Marhaenism
Indonesian National Party Marhaenism
The Indonesian National Party Marhaenism is a political party in Indonesia.On 26 October 1995, former Indonesian National Party member Supeni established the Indonesian National Union . With the 1998 fall of President Suharto, came the chance to revive the Indonesian National Party...
.