Iniencephaly
Encyclopedia
Iniencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder
. It is a rare neural tube defect that combines extreme retroflexion (backward bending) of the head with severe defects of the spine.
of the face is connected directly to the skin of the chest
and the scalp is directly connected to the skin of the back
. Generally, the neck
is absent.
Most individuals with iniencephaly have other associated anomalies such as anencephaly
, encephalocele
(a disorder in which part of the cranial contents protrudes from the skull
), hydrocephalus
, cyclopia
, absence of the mandible (lower jaw bone), cleft lip and palate, cardiovascular disorders
, diaphragmatic hernia, and gastrointestinal malformation. The disorder is more common among females.
Cephalic disorder
Cephalic disorders are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system...
. It is a rare neural tube defect that combines extreme retroflexion (backward bending) of the head with severe defects of the spine.
Presentation
The affected infant tends to be short, with a disproportionately large head. Diagnosis can be made immediately after birth because the head is so severely retroflexed that the face looks upward. The skinSkin
-Dermis:The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many Mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and heat...
of the face is connected directly to the skin of the chest
Chest
The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. It is sometimes referred to as the thorax or the bosom.-Chest anatomy - Humans and other hominids:...
and the scalp is directly connected to the skin of the back
Back
- People :* Adam Back, British cryptographer* Charles Back, South African winemaker* Chris Back , Australian politician* Ernst Emil Alexander Back , German physicist* Frédéric Back , Canadian animator...
. Generally, the neck
Neck
The neck is the part of the body, on many terrestrial or secondarily aquatic vertebrates, that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. The adjective signifying "of the neck" is cervical .-Boner anatomy: The cervical spine:The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven boney...
is absent.
Most individuals with iniencephaly have other associated anomalies such as anencephaly
Anencephaly
Anencephaly is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the cephalic end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day of pregnancy, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp...
, encephalocele
Encephalocele
Encephalocele, sometimes known by the Latin name cranium bifidum, is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. These defects are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal...
(a disorder in which part of the cranial contents protrudes from the skull
Human skull
The human skull is a bony structure, skeleton, that is in the human head and which supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for the brain.In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones...
), hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus , also known as "water in the brain," is a medical condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, or cavities, of the brain. This may cause increased intracranial pressure inside the skull and progressive enlargement of the head,...
, cyclopia
Cyclopia
Cyclopia is a rare form of holoprosencephaly and is a congenital disorder characterized by the failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to properly divide the orbits of the eye into two cavities...
, absence of the mandible (lower jaw bone), cleft lip and palate, cardiovascular disorders
Disease
A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune...
, diaphragmatic hernia, and gastrointestinal malformation. The disorder is more common among females.