Institute of Quality Assurance
Encyclopedia
History
The CQI's roots date back to the early days of engineering inspection during the First World War. After frequent accidental detonations in munitions factors the UK government created the Ministry of Munitions which placed in spectors in factories to ensure procedures were being followed correctly. In 1919, after the institute was founded in its first guise as the Technical Inspection Association at a conference held by Woolwich Royal Arsenal's Inspection Department in London. The institute began with 500 member and in its first years was headquartered at its secretary's office at 44 Bedford Row, London WC1.On 10 November 1922 the TIA reformed as the Institution of Engineering Inspection, so it could be open to industrial inspectors, as well as to inspectors employed by the UK government.In 1929 the institute's branch network was formed, with local groups meeting all over the UK. Throughout the 1930s the profession developed further with the discovery of statistical quality control and in the 1940s the progression to ‘quality control’ rather than simple inspection. In March 1944, one member expressed concern at the loose way in which the term ‘quality control’ was being used. He then went on to propose that the IEI should be renamed ‘The Institution of Quality Engineering’, but this proposal met with opposition and was dropped.
In 1954 the British Productivity Council proposed either the formation of a Society for Quality Control, or that quality control should be incorporated as a branch of an existing society. The institute’s council agreed that it would be prepared to incorporate quality control and agreed that those interested in quality might be allowed to join the institute. On 22nd December 1955 an extraordinary general meeting approved changes to the constitution, so it effectively admitted quality control as a partner with engineering inspection. Its title remained the Institution of Engineering Inspection but its objectives included: ‘To promote and encourage the practice of engineering inspection and quality control in industry.
The institute began to consider offering a professional qualifications in 1958. By autumn 1960 the institute had formed an education committee and offered technical colleges a lecture entitled ‘the place and function of the inspector in engineering’. Examinations started in the summer of 1960 with nine candidates. This number increased to 21 in 1961, and by 1963, it had reached 106. In 1965 the institute had completely revised and relaunched its whole examination structure. In a profession in which the majority had, in the past, acquired their knowledge and skill by experience on the job, it had taken some years to raise the examination to the academic standards then set by the institute.
In 1965 the institute decided that a change in name was desirable as the institute was concerned with the much wider spectrum of quality assurance and many people working in quality were not engineers. After seeking the opinion of the branches, the council gave its approval by 17 votes to 0, but the Board of Trade was unable to accept the proposed name of the Institution of Quality Technology. It was not until 1972 that the institute was able to get general agreement and changed its name to the title Institute of Quality Assurance. This choice was reinforced by a glossary of terms, newly issued by the British Standards Institution, which defined quality assurance as ‘all activities and functions concerned with the attainment of quality’. Throughout the 1970s the institute worked with the Ministry and Defence and industry to try and establishing a common approval system for quality and giving certificates of competence to successful companies.
By 1980 the institute had a membership of 5,400 members which doubled by the end of the decade. Early on th in the 1980s the institute merged with the National Council for Quality and Reliability and in 1981 the IQA formed a corporate bodies arm with the British Quality Association.
In 1988 the IQA launched it first diplomas in quality assurance to increase the status of the quality profession and improve accessibility to quality skills. The next year the institute celebrated the first World Quality Day on 11 November and the institute's international membership was boosted by the development of a Singapore branch.
The 1990s saw the BQA break away from the AQA to form the British Quality Foundation. This was a result of the Henderson Committee report which recommended a prestigious quality award for industry in the UK, following the success of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award recognizes U.S. organizations in the business, health care, education, and nonprofit sectors for performance excellence. The Baldrige Award is the only formal recognition of the performance excellence of both public and private U.S. organizations given by...
in the US. The BQA was seen as the natural candidate to run the award, but felt it couldn't due to its ties to the IQA. At the end of 1992 the BQA was wound up and the BQF started as an independent organisation.
The 2000s brought substantial changes within the institute, with changes to the membership criteria, the launch of the Small Business Standard and the petition to the Privy Council for chartered status. In September 2006 the IAA was finally awarded a Royal Chartered and became the Chartered Quality Institute on 1 January 2007. The launch of the CQI started on World Quality Day, 9 November 2006. Individual chartered status followed in 2008 and there are now more than 4,700 Chartered Quality Professionals working in the UK and beyond. Existing Members and Fellows of the CQI can apply to become CQP and commit to undertaking Continuous Professional Development to ensure their skills and knowledge. The grade uses the post-nominal letters as MCQI CQP or FCQI CQP.
Activities
The CQI seeks to:* promote the efficiency and competitiveness of industry and commerce
* promote the education and training of those involved in quality
* promote research into quality issues
* maintain the quality and standards of auditors and auditor training courses
CQI works to promote quality across a range of industries in both the public and private sectors, irrespective of company size. It provides training, education and support for the quality professionals and individuals responsible for quality management. It has a branch network of more than 30 local groups around the UK and three overseas as well as online communities on LinkedIn. It has its only monthly magazine Qualityworld and a range of e-publications promoting quality approaches and tools.
The institute also has a network of special interest groups offering members who are interested in a specific industry or quality practice, with an opportunity to network, learn and drive forward quality within their specialised area of expertise or interest. The groups include the Defence Industry Group, the Deming SIG, the Engineering SIG, the Integrated Management SIG, the Medical Technologies SIG, the Nuclear SIG and the Pharmaceutical Quality Group. The oldest and most prolific of the groups is the PQG which has published three pharmaceutical quality standards (PS 9000, PS 9001, PS 9004) and 11 monographs.
IRCA
Formed in 1984 the International Register of Certificated AuditorsInternational Register of Certificated Auditors
The International Register of Certificated Auditors was formed in London in 1984 as part of the British government's enterprise initiative, designed to make industry and business more competitive through the implementation of quality principles and practices...
(IRCA) is the world's original and largest international certification
Certification
Certification refers to the confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person, or organization. This confirmation is often, but not always, provided by some form of external review, education, assessment, or audit...
body for auditors of management systems
Management system
A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives....
. It certifies more than 14,750 auditors in over 150 countries worldwide. IRCA provides auditors, business and industry with two main services:
1. certification of auditors of management systems. These include:
* consultants assisting organizations to develop and implement quality management systems
* certification body/registrar auditors, auditing organizations against ISO 9001 and other management system standards
* internal auditors, performing audits on suppliers or auditing their own organisations
* quality managers
2. approval of training organizations and certification of their auditor training courses.
* IRCA has approved over 90 training organisations, who together provide training for over 50,000 students each year in over 100 countries.
IRCA offers certification programmes that recognise the competence of auditors who audit quality, environmental, occupational health and safety, software development, information security
Information security
Information security means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction....
and food safety
Food safety
Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards....
management systems.