Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission
Encyclopedia
The Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission was created by the Treaty of Versailles
on 28 June 1919, to supervise the occupation of the Rhineland
and "ensure, by any means, the security and satisfaction of all the needs of the Armies of Occupation".. It came into being on 10 January 1920, when the treaty came into force. It was based in Coblenz.
High Commissioners:
Non Voting co-optee
Chairman of the Inter-Allied Military Control Commission (For Germany, after 1922)
Article 428
Article 429
Article 430
Article 431
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of...
on 28 June 1919, to supervise the occupation of the Rhineland
Occupation of the Rhineland
The Occupation of the Rhineland took place following the armistice and brought the fighting of World War I to a close on 11 November 1918. The occupying armies consisted of American, Belgian, British and French forces...
and "ensure, by any means, the security and satisfaction of all the needs of the Armies of Occupation".. It came into being on 10 January 1920, when the treaty came into force. It was based in Coblenz.
Members of the High Commission
Chairman of the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission (in Coblenz)- 1919 - 1930 Paul TirardPaul TirardPaul Tirard was chairman of the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission.-Bibliography:...
(France)
High Commissioners:
- Pierrepont NoyesPierrepont NoyesPierrepont Burt Noyes was an American businessman and politician.Pierrepoint was the son of John Humphrey Noyes and Harriet Maria Worden. He was a product of their eugenic outlook...
(United States) (1919 - May 1920) - Henry Tureman AllenHenry Tureman AllenHenry Tureman Allen was a United States Army officer known for exploring the Copper River in Alaska in 1885 along with the Tanana and Koyukuk rivers by transversing 1,500 miles of wilderness. His trek was been compared by General Nelson A. Miles to that of Lewis and Clark.Henry was born in...
(United States) (May 1920 - 24 January 1923) - Professor Rolin Jacquemyns (Belgium)
- Sir Harold StuartHarold StuartSir Harold Arthur Stuart, GCMG, KCSI, KCVO was an Indian Civil Servant, the first Director of the Central Criminal Intelligence Department of India, and later a Home Sercretary to the Government of India. A graduate of King's College Cambridge, Harold Stuart was born in the city of York to Peter...
(Britain) (1919 - 16 December 1920) - Victor Hay, 21st Earl of ErrollVictor Hay, 21st Earl of ErrollVictor Alexander Sereld Hay, 21st Earl of Erroll and 4th Baron Kilmarnock, KCMG , was a British diplomat and briefly a member of the House of Lords.-Family:...
(Britain) (16 December 1920 - May 1928) - William SeedsWilliam SeedsSir William Seeds KCMG was a British diplomat. He served as Ambassador to both Russia and Brazil.-Background and education:Sir William Seeds was born in Dublin, Ireland, on the 27th June 1882, to an Ulster Protestant family. He was the only son of Lady Kaye and Robert Seeds QC, the Queen’s...
(Britain) (May 1928 - 12 December 1929))
Non Voting co-optee
- Karl von StarckKarl von StarckCarl August Wilhelm von Starck was a German lawyer and politician .Karl was born in Kassel, the son of Wilhelm von Starck , a Hessian aristocrat and his wife Charlotte von Baumbach ....
(1919 -1921) - Prince Hermann von HatzfeldtHermann von HatzfeldtHermann von Hatzfeldt was a German civil servant and politician. He represented the Deutsche Reichspartei in the Reichstag for a number of years.-References:...
Chairman of the Inter-Allied Military Control Commission (For Germany, after 1922)
- 1919 - 1924 Charles Marie Edouard Nollet (France)
- 1924 - 1927 Camille Welch (France)
Legal instrument of the Commission
Part XIV, Section i of the Treaty of Versailles stipulated:Article 428
- As a guarantee for the execution of the present Treaty by GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, the German territory situated to the west of the Rhine, together with the bridgeheads, will be occupied by Allied and Associated troops for a period of fifteen years from the coming into force of the present Treaty.
Article 429
- If the conditions of the present Treaty are faithfully carried out by Germany, the occupation referred to in Article 428 will be successively restricted as follows:
-
- (i) At the expiration of five years there will be evacuated: the bridgehead of CologneCologneCologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
and the territories north of a line running along the RuhrRuhrThe Ruhr is a medium-size river in western Germany , a right tributary of the Rhine.-Description:The source of the Ruhr is near the town of Winterberg in the mountainous Sauerland region, at an elevation of approximately 2,200 feet...
, then along the railway JülichJülichJülich is a town in the district of Düren, in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Jülich is well known as location of a world-famous research centre, the Forschungszentrum Jülich and as shortwave transmission site of Deutsche Welle...
, DurenDürenDüren is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, capital of Düren district. It is located between Aachen and Cologne on the river Rur.-Roman era:Celts inhabited Düren's area before the Romans. They called their small settlement Durum . After the Celts other Germanic tribes settled this area...
, EuskirchenEuskirchenEuskirchen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the district Euskirchen. While Euskirchen resembles a modern shopping town, it also has a history dating back over 700 years, having been granted town-status in 1302....
, RheinbachRheinbachRheinbach is a town in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis district , in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It belongs to the administrative district of Cologne .-Geography:...
, thence along the road Rheinbach to SinzigSinzigSinzig is a town in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the river Rhine, approx. 5 km south-east of Remagen and 25 km south-east of Bonn, and it has approximately 20,000 inhabitants .-History:...
, and reaching the Rhine at the confluence with the AhrAhrAhr is a river in Germany, a left tributary of the Rhine. Its source is at an elevation of approximately 470 metres above sea level in Blankenheim in the Eifel, in the cellar of a timber-frame house near the castle of Blankenheim...
; the roads, railways and places mentioned above being excluded from the area evacuated.
- (i) At the expiration of five years there will be evacuated: the bridgehead of Cologne
-
- (ii) At the expiration of ten years there will be evacuated: the bridgehead of Coblenz and the territories north of a line to be drawn from the intersection between the frontiers of BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, Germany and Holland, running about from 4 kilometres south of Aix-la-Chapelle, then to and following the crest of Forst GemündGemündGemünd is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany....
, then east of the railway of the Urft valley, then along BlankenheimBlankenheim, North Rhine-WestphaliaBlankenheim is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.-Geography:Blankenheim is located in the Eifel hills, approx. 27 km south-west of Euskirchen...
, WaldorfWaldorf, Rhineland-PalatinateWaldorf is a municipality belonging to the Verbandsgemeinde Bad Breisig in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In 2005 Waldorf had 926 inhabitants.- Location :...
, DreisDreisDreis is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.- Location :...
, UlmenUlmenUlmen is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde – a kind of collective municipality – to which it also belongs.-Constituent communities:...
to and following the MoselleMoselleMoselle is a department in the east of France named after the river Moselle.- History :Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790...
from BremmBremmBremm is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
to NehrenNehrenNehren is the name of two communes in Germany:*Nehren, Baden-Württemberg, located in the district of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg*Nehren, Rhineland-Palatinate, a village in the district Cochem-Zell, Rhineland-Palatinate...
, then passing by KappelKappelKappel is a municipality in the district of Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.-History:Kappel is first mentioned in 1260 as Capella. In 1312 it was mentioned as Nydern Capellen to distinguish it from the village of Oberkappelen which it today Kestenholz.-Geography:Kappel has an area,...
and SimmernSimmernSimmern is a town of 8,000 inhabitants in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, the district seat of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis, and the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde...
, then following the ridge of the heights between Simmern and the Rhine and reaching this river at Bacharach; all the places valleys, roads and railways mentioned above being excluded from the area evacuated.
- (ii) At the expiration of ten years there will be evacuated: the bridgehead of Coblenz and the territories north of a line to be drawn from the intersection between the frontiers of Belgium
-
- (iii) At the expiration of fifteen years there will be evacuated: the bridgehead of MainzMainzMainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire...
, the bridgehead of KehlKehlKehl is a town in southwestern Germany in the Ortenaukreis, Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the river Rhine, directly opposite the French city of Strasbourg.-History:...
and the remainder of the German territory under occupation.
- (iii) At the expiration of fifteen years there will be evacuated: the bridgehead of Mainz
- If at that date the guarantees against unprovoked aggression by Germany are not considered sufficient by the Allied and Associated Governments, the evacuation of the occupying troops may be delayed to the extent regarded as necessary for the purpose of obtaining the required guarantees.
Article 430
- In case either during the occupation or after the expiration of the fifteen years referred to above the Reparation Commission finds that Germany refuses to observe the whole or part of her obligations under the present Treaty with regard to reparation, the whole or part of the areas specified in Article 429 will be reoccupied immediately by the Allied and Associated forces.
Article 431
- If before the expiration of the period of fifteen years Germany complies with all the undertakings resulting from the present Treaty, the occupying forces will be withdrawn immediately.