Intercostal space
Encyclopedia
The intercostal space is the space between two ribs (Lat. costa). Since there are 12 ribs on each side, there are 11 intercostal spaces, each numbered for the rib superior to it.
has a strict order: V-A-N, or vein-artery-nerve, from top to bottom (as illustrated). This neurovascular bundle runs high in the intercostal space: therefore, the intercostal space should be penetrated as low as possible by invasive procedures.
In reference to the muscles of the thoracic wall, the intercostal nerves and vessels run just behind the internal intercostal muscles: therefore, they are generally covered on the inside by the parietal pleura, except when they are covered by the innermost intercostal muscles, subcostal muscles or the transversus thoracis muscle
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Structures in intercostal space
- several kinds of intercostal muscleIntercostal muscleIntercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. The intercostal muscles are mainly involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing...
- intercostal arteriesIntercostal arteriesThe intercostal arteries are a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs , called the intercostal space.* Highest intercostal artery - first and second intercostal spaces...
and associated veins - lymphatics
- nerves
Order of components
Comprehensive insight in the anatomy of the intercostal spaces is mandatory for everyone who practices medicine. One particular concept is that the neurovascular bundleNeurovascular bundle
A Neurovascular bundle is a term applied to the body nerves, arteries, veins and lymphatics that tend to travel together in the body...
has a strict order: V-A-N, or vein-artery-nerve, from top to bottom (as illustrated). This neurovascular bundle runs high in the intercostal space: therefore, the intercostal space should be penetrated as low as possible by invasive procedures.
In reference to the muscles of the thoracic wall, the intercostal nerves and vessels run just behind the internal intercostal muscles: therefore, they are generally covered on the inside by the parietal pleura, except when they are covered by the innermost intercostal muscles, subcostal muscles or the transversus thoracis muscle
Transversus thoracis muscle
The transversus thoracis lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest...
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