International Classification of Headache Disorders
Encyclopedia
The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed hierarchical classification
of all headache
-related disorders published by the International Headache Society
. It is considered the official classification of headaches by the World Health Organization
, and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10
). Each class of headache contains explicit diagnostic criteria—meaning that the criteria includes quantities
rather than vague terms like several or usually—that are based on clinical
and laboratory
observations.
The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). The second and current version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004.
Medical classification
Medical classification, or medical coding, is the process of transforming descriptions of medical diagnoses and procedures into universal medical code numbers...
of all headache
Headache
A headache or cephalalgia is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. It can be a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and neck. The brain tissue itself is not sensitive to pain because it lacks pain receptors. Rather, the pain is caused by disturbance of the...
-related disorders published by the International Headache Society
International Headache Society
The International Headache Society is a charity organization founded in 1981 for people from all professions that are working to treat headache disorders....
. It is considered the official classification of headaches by the World Health Organization
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
, and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10
ICD-10
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision is a medical classification list for the coding of diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases, as maintained by the...
). Each class of headache contains explicit diagnostic criteria—meaning that the criteria includes quantities
Quantity
Quantity is a property that can exist as a magnitude or multitude. Quantities can be compared in terms of "more" or "less" or "equal", or by assigning a numerical value in terms of a unit of measurement. Quantity is among the basic classes of things along with quality, substance, change, and relation...
rather than vague terms like several or usually—that are based on clinical
Clinical research
Clinical research is a branch of medical science that determines the safety and effectiveness of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use...
and laboratory
Laboratory
A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. The title of laboratory is also used for certain other facilities where the processes or equipment used are similar to those in scientific laboratories...
observations.
The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). The second and current version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004.
ICHD 1, ICD10 G43: Migraine
- Migraine without aura
- Migraine with aura
- Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine
- Retinal migraineRetinal migraineRetinal migraine is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye...
- Complications of migraine
- Migraine-triggered seizure
- Probable migraine
ICHD 2, ICD10 G44.2: Tension-type headache (TTH)
- Infrequent episodic tension-type headache
- Frequent episodic tension-type headache
- Chronic tension-type headache
- Probable tension-type headache
ICHD 3, ICD10 G44.0: Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalagias
- Cluster headacheCluster headacheCluster headache, nicknamed "suicide headache", is a neurological disease that involves, as its most prominent feature, an immense degree of pain in the head. Cluster headaches occur periodically: spontaneous remissions interrupt active periods of pain. The cause of the disease is currently unknown...
- Paroxysmal hemicrania
- Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)
- Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalagia
ICHD 5, ICD10 G44.88: Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma
ICHD 6, ICD10 G44.81: Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder
ICHD 7, ICD10 G44.82: Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder
ICHD 8, ICD10 G44.4 or G44.83: Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal
ICHD 9, ICD10 G44.821 or G44.881: Headache attributed to infection
ICHD 10, ICD10 G44.882: Headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis
ICHD 11, ICD10 G44.84: Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures
ICHD 12, ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder
- ICHD 12.1 ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to somatization disorder
- ICHD 12.2 ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to psychotic disorder
ICHD 13, ICD10 G44.847, G44.848, or G44.85: Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain
- ICHD 13.1, ICD10 G44.847: Trigeminal neuralgiaTrigeminal neuralgiaTrigeminal neuralgia , tic douloureux is a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense pain in the face, originating from the trigeminal nerve. It has been described as among the most painful conditions known...
- Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
- Nervus intermediusNervus intermediusThe nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve . It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve...
neuralgia - Superior laryngealSuperior laryngeal nerveThe superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve. It arises from the middle of the ganglion nodosum and in its course receives a branch from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic....
neuralgia - NasociliaryNasociliary nerveThe nasociliary nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. It is intermediate in size between the two other main branches of the ophthalmic nerve, the frontal nerve and the lacrimal nerve, and is more deeply placed.-Path:...
neuralgia - SupraorbitalSupraorbital nerveThe supraorbital nerve is a terminal branch of the frontal nerve.It passes through the supraorbital foramen, and gives off, in this situation, palpebral filaments to the upper eyelid...
neuralgia - Other terminal branch neuralgias
- Occipital neuralgiaOccipital neuralgiaOccipital neuralgia, also known as C2 neuralgia, Arnold's neuralgia, is a medical condition characterized by chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head and behind the eyes. These areas correspond to the locations of the lesser and greater occipital nerves.-Causes:Occipital neuralgia is...
- Neck-tongue syndrome
- External compression headache
- Cold-stimulus headache
- Constant pain caused by compression, irritation or distortion of cranial nerves or upper cervical roots by structural lesions
- Optic neuritisOptic neuritisOptic neuritis is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision.-Causes:The optic nerve comprises axons that emerge from the retina of the eye and carry visual information to the primary visual nuclei, most of which is relayed to the occipital cortex of the...
- Ocular diabetic neuropathy
- Head or facial pain attributed to herpes zosterHerpes zosterHerpes zoster , commonly known as shingles and also known as zona, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe...
- Head or facial pain attributed to acute herpes zoster
- Post-herpetic neuralgia
- Tolosa-Hunt syndromeTolosa-Hunt syndromeTolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with extraocular palsies, usually involving the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cranial nerves, and pain around the sides and back of the eye, along with weakness and paralysis of certain eye muscles.In 2004,...
- Opthalamoplegic migraine
- Central causes of facial pain
- Anaesthesia dolorosa
- Central post-stroke pain
- Facial pain attributable to multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms...
- Persistent idiopathic facial pain
- Burning mouth syndrome
- Other cranial neuralgia or other centrally mediated facial pain