International Institute for Conservation
Encyclopedia
The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (IIC) is a global membership organisation for conservation professionals; with over two thousand members, in over fifty countries. The IIC seeks to promote the knowledge, methods and working standards needed to protect and preserve historic
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...

 and art
Art
Art is the product or process of deliberately arranging items in a way that influences and affects one or more of the senses, emotions, and intellect....

istic works throughout the world
World
World is a common name for the whole of human civilization, specifically human experience, history, or the human condition in general, worldwide, i.e. anywhere on Earth....

.

Aims

IIC is an independent international organisation supported by individual and institutional members. It serves as a forum for communication among those professionals who have responsibility for the preservation of cultural heritage
Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations...

. It advances knowledge, practice and standards for the conservation of historic and artistic works through its publications and conferences. It promotes professional excellence and public awareness through its awards and scholarships.

Current IIC Officers and Council (20011 - 2012)

President - Jerry Podany (J. Paul Getty Museum
J. Paul Getty Museum
The J. Paul Getty Museum, a program of the J. Paul Getty Trust, is an art museum. It has two locations, one at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California, and one at the Getty Villa in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, California...

, USA)

Vice-Presidents:

Sharon Cather (Courtauld Institute of Art
Courtauld Institute of Art
The Courtauld Institute of Art is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art. The Courtauld is one of the premier centres for the teaching of art history in the world; it was the only History of Art department in the UK to be awarded a top...

, UK)

Gabriela Krist (University of Applied Arts Vienna, Austria)

Julian Bickersteth (Australia)

Secretary-General - Jo Kirby Atkinson (UK)

Treasurer - Velson Horie (UK)

Director of Publications - Joyce Townsend (Tate
Tate
-Places:*Tate, Georgia, a town in the United States*Tate County, Mississippi, a county in the United States*Táté, the Hungarian name for Totoi village, Sântimbru Commune, Alba County, Romania*Tate, Filipino word for States...

, UK)

Ordinary members of Council:

Hans-Christoph von Imhoff (Switzerland)

Tuulikki Kilpinen (Finland)

Anne Rinuy (Switzerland)

Mikkel Scharff (Denmark)

Naoko Sonoda (Japan)

David Saunders (UK)

Rick Kerschner (US)

Michael von der Goltz (Germany)

David Watkinson (UK)

Valentine Walsh (UK)

Cornelia Weyer (Germany)


IIC's Council attempts to reflect the geographical and professional balance of the world-wide conservation profession. Council Members, including the Secretary-General and Treasurer, give their services voluntarily, as do the Editors of Studies in Conservation and Reviews in Conservation. The Institute has a permanent staff of two.

IIC co-operates closely with other organisations in the field, notably ICCROM and the Committee for Conservation of the International Council of Museums
International Council of Museums
The International Council of Museums is an international organization of museums and museum professionals that is committed to the conservation, continuation and communication to society of the world's natural and cultural heritage, present and future, tangible and intangible.- Overview :Created...

 (ICOM-CC) as well as national and regional conservation groups.

IIC is registered in England and Wales with the UK Charity Commission.

Background

In 1930 the International Museums Office of the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...

 held a conference in Rome on the examination and conservation of works of art. Following this meeting, the Museums Office issued a series of publications on the subject. In 1932 a technical journal of conservation studies, Technical Studies in the Field of the Fine Arts, was founded by the Fogg Museum, Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...

, under the Managing Editorship of George Stout. It continued publication until 1942.

The repatriation of art treasures after World War II brought together experts from Europe and the United States. They proposed the revival of Technical Studies and the formation of an international body of conservators to continue the interchange of information on the care and conservation of works of art. Between 1946 and 1948 a series of meetings was held to discuss these proposals. Foremost among those involved in the meetings were George Stout, W.G. Constable (Boston), Ian Rawlins (London) and Paul Coremans (Brussels).

In December 1948 at a meeting of the ICOM
ICOM
ICOM may refer to:* International Council of Museums* Icom Incorporated, radio equipment manufacturer* Industrial Common Ownership Movement , a co-operative federation that now forms part of Co-operatives UK* ICOM Simulations, software company...

 Commission on the Care of Paintings in London, it was announced that a new international institute for conservation was about to be incorporated with offices in London and that its interests would be the scientific and technical study of the subject.

Early history

On April 27, 1950, the International Institute for the Conservation of Museum Objects (it acquired its present title in 1959) was incorporated as a limited company in the United Kingdom. Its aims were "to improve the state of knowledge and standards of practice and to provide a common meeting ground and publishing body for all who are interested in and professionally skilled in the conservation of museum objects”. The Institute was to be concerned with:

- The status of conservators, by forming a professional self-electing body

- Publications: abstracts of the technical literature, and original work with a scientific bias - the end of the "secrets of the Old Masters"

- Training, with the aim of raising standards.

The office was established with the help of a grant from the Nuffield Foundation
Nuffield Foundation
The Nuffield Foundation is a British charitable trust, established in 1943 by William Morris , the founder of the Morris Motor Company. Lord Nuffield wanted to contribute to improvements in society, including the expansion of education and the alleviation of disadvantage...

. London was chosen as the "midpoint" between the USA and continental Europe. Office space was provided free by the Trustees of the National Gallery (London). The Institute moved to its own independent offices in 1968.

The membership was to consist of Fellows who were to be persons highly qualified in (or in positions of great authority in) conservation and Associates who were to be "persons anxious to promote the objects of the Institute”. Later a category of Institutional Members was introduced.

When the IIC was founded in 1950, the Founder Fellows were George Stout, Rutherford J. Gettens, Richard Buck, W.G. Constable, Murray Pease, Ian Rawlins, Harold Plenderleith, Sir Wallace Akers (chairman of ICI), Helmut Ruhemann, and Paul Coremans. Others who joined in that first year included Arthur van Schendel, René Sneyers, and Sheldon and Caroline Keck. George Stout became the IIC's first President, with Harold Plenderleith its Treasurer and Ian Rawlins its Secretary.

The IIC membership grew quickly. In October 1952 there were 62 members (38 of them Fellows) with 64 candidates for Associate membership in process of election; by March 1952, there were 167 members (50 of them Fellows).

Membership

IIC membership is open to everyone with an interest in conserving the world's heritage: to conservators and restorers, to conservation scientists, architects, educators and students, and to collection managers, curators, art historians and other cultural heritage professionals.

IIC Fellows are senior members of the profession who are elected by the existing body of Fellows. Fellowship of IIC is open to all members who are actively engaged in the profession of conservation. They may be: practising conservators and restorers, scientists and technologists working in the field of conservation, conservation educators, other persons, whether technical, curatorial or administrative, who have made an important contribution to the conservation profession.

Fellows must be able to demonstrate commitment to the profession and to show that they keep up-to-date with relevant developments. Indicators include publications, voluntary service to conservation organisations, participation in conferences and training events, membership of other relevant professional bodies, and accreditation by a national organisation.

Publications

In May 1952, the first issue of the IIC Newsletter appeared; this later became the IIC Bulletin. this in turn was superseded in 2007 by News in Conservation. In October 1952, Studies in Conservation began publication. IIC Abstracts, an international journal of abstracts of the technical literature and the forerunner of Art and Archaeology Technical Abstracts, was first published in 1955. With changing editorship, it ran for five volumes ending with Vol.5, no.4 (Autumn 1965). In 2000, the first volume of the annual Reviews in Conservation was published.

Studies in Conservation

Studies in Conservation is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal for the conservation of historic and artistic works. Studies in Conservation publishes original work on a range of subjects including, but not limited to, advances in conservation practice, novel methods of treatment, preventive conservation, issues of collection care, conservation history and ethics, examination methods for works of art, new research in the analysis of artistic materials or mechanisms of deterioration, and conservation issues in display and storage.

Reviews in Conservation

Published annually until 2010, Reviews in Conservation has now been incorporated into Studies in Conservation..

News in Conservation

News in Conservation is published six times a year. News in Conservation aims to provide a place where IIC members can share opinions, news, and information. News in Conservation contains news from the IIC Council and regional groups, as well as job vacancies, conference listings and notices along with a mixture of news stories, features, interviews and other articles relating to all aspects of conservation in every issue. An electronic version of the newspaper appears on the website after publication, and is freely downloadable by members.

Conferences

In 1961, with the help of a grant from the Gulbenkian Foundation, the IIC held its first international conference. That meeting, in Rome, was attended by 150 people, and the papers were published by Butterworths under the title Recent Advances in Conservation. Subsequently, conferences have been held at two- or three-year intervals with published preprints on a topic of current interest. Past conferences are:

· Recent Advances in Conservation (Rome 1961)

· Textile Conservation (Delft 1964)

· Museum Climatology (London 1967)

· Stone and Wooden Objects (New York 1970)

· Paintings and the Graphic Arts (Lisbon 1972)

· Archaeology and the Applied Arts (Stockholm 1975)

· Wood in Painting and the Decorative Arts (Oxford 1978)

· Conservation Within Historic Buildings (Vienna 1980)

· Science and Technology (Washington 1982)

· Adhesives and Consolidants (Paris 1984)

· Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings (Brussels 1990)

· Stone and Wall Paintings (Bologna 1986)

· Far Eastern Art (Kyoto 1988)

· Iberian and Latin American Cultural Heritage (Madrid 1992)
· Preventive Conservation (Ottawa 1994)

· Archaeological Conservation and its Consequences (Copenhagen 1996)

· Painting Techniques: History, Materials and Studio Practice (Dublin 1998)

· Tradition and Innovation: Advances in Conservation (Melbourne 2000)

· Works of Art on Paper. Books, Documents and Photographs. Techniques and Conservation (Baltimore 2002)

· Modern Art: New Museums (Bilbao 2004)

· The Object in Context: Crossing Conservation Boundaries (Munich 2006)

· Conservation and Access (London 2008)

· Conservation and the Eastern Mediterranean (Istanbul 2010)

The 2012 conference will be held in Vienna.

Regional Groups

IIC's Regional Groups began in 1958. Regional Groups are independent associations affiliated or associated with IIC. A Regional Group is required to adhere to the aims and objectives of the IIC as expressed in the Memorandum of Association. Its by-laws must be approved by the IIC Council, and its officers should be members of IIC. The first Regional Groups formed were the IIC-United Kingdom Group (now Icon, the Institute of Conservation
Institute of Conservation
The Institute of Conservation is the lead voice for the conservation of cultural heritage in the UK, with over three thousand individuals and organizations in membership, including professional conservators in all disciplines as well as others who share a commitment to improving the understanding...

) and the IIC-American Group (now the American Institute for Conservation
American Institute for Conservation
The American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works supports the conservation professionals who preserve our cultural heritage...

). There are currently Regional Groups in Scandinavia, Austria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, and Spain. They include:

IIC Nordic Group/Nordiska Konservatorförbund(NKF)

IIC Austrian Group/Österreichische Sektion IIC

IIC French Group/Section Française de l'IIC (SFIIC)
Secretariat: 29 rue de Paris, 77420 Champs sur Marne, France
sfiic@lrmh.fr

IIC Japan
Contact: Chie Sano, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo,
13-43 Ueno Park, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8713, Japan

IIC Hellenic Group
Secretariat: PO Box 27031, 117 02 Athens, Greece

IIC Spanish Group/Grupo Español del IIC (GEIIC)
Contact: Secretariat: IPHE, C/ Greco 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
administracion@ge-iic.org

IIC Italian Group/Gruppo Italiano dell'IIC (IGIIC)
Secretariat: Villa Rey, Strada Val Martino Superiore 27, 10132 Torino, Italy
info@igiic.org

Honorary Fellowship

IIC Honorary Fellowship was established to recognise outstanding contributions to heritage conservation. The first Honorary Fellowship was awarded to Edward W. Forbes in 1958. Since that date the award has been made to the following individuals:

F. I. G. Rawlins*

George Stout*

W. G. Constable*

Harold Plenderleith*

A.M. Bell*

Arthur van Schendel*

Sir Norman Reid*

Sheldon Keck*

Garry Thomson*

Stephen Rees Jones*

Kazuo Yamasaki

H.W.M. Hodges*

Hedy d'Ancona

Caroline Keck*

Paolo Mora*

Laura Mora

Robert L. Feller

Agnes Ballestrem*

A.E. Werner*

O.P. Agrawal

Kenzo Toishi

Karen Finch

Marian Kemp Weidner

Perry Smith

Hermann Kühn

Manfred Koller

J.R.J. van Asperen de Boer

Sue Sack

Giorgio Toracca*
  • deceased

Keck Award

The Keck Award, endowed by Sheldon and Caroline Keck, is presented every two years at the IIC Congress to the individual or group who has, in the opinion of the Council, contributed most towards promoting public understanding and appreciation of the accomplishments of the conservation profession.

Past winners of the Keck Award:

· 2010 - the 'Painting Techniques of Impressionism and Postimpressionism' project organised by the Wallraf-Richartz Museum
Wallraf-Richartz Museum
The Wallraf-Richartz-Museum is one of the three major museums in Cologne, Germany. It houses an art gallery with a collection of fine art from the medieval period to the early twentieth century...

 and Fondation Corboud in collaboration with the Cologne Institute for Conservation Science at the Cologne University of Applied Sciences
Cologne University of Applied Sciences
Cologne University of Applied Sciences is a higher education institution in Cologne, Germany, established in 1971. It was created from a merger of numerous smaller colleges, the oldest of which was the Royal Provincial Trade School, founded in 1833, and renamed Trade College of the City of Cologne...



· 2008 - The Lunder Conservation Centre Visible conservation labs at the Smithsonian American Art Museum & National Portrait Gallery

· 2006 - The Mariners' Museum
Mariners' Museum
The Mariners' Museum is located in Newport News, Virginia. It is one of the largest maritime museums in the world as well as being the largest in North America.- History :The museum was founded in 1932 by Archer Milton Huntington, son of Collis P...

 for the USS Monitor conservation project

· 2004 - Andreina Nardi for the 'Aperto per Restauro' project

· 2002 - No award was made

· 2000 - SOS! Save Outdoor Sculpture!
Save Outdoor Sculpture!
Save Outdoor Sculpture! is a community-based effort to identify, document, and conserve outdoor sculpture in the United States. By fostering awareness and appreciation, SOS! aims to advocate proper care of a nationwide public resource....

 programme

· 1998 - The Conservation Centre at National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside in Liverpool

· 1996 - Gaël de Guichen for 'Media Save Art', and the Williamstown Art Conservation Center for 'Altered States'

· 1994 - Simon Cane for the 'Stop the Rot' exhibition at the York Castle Museum
York Castle Museum
York Castle Museum is a museum located in York, North Yorkshire, England, on the site of York Castle, originally built by William the Conqueror in 1068...


Forbes Prize Lecture

The Forbes Prize Lecture has been delivered at every IIC Congress since the Rome Congress in 1961. It is delivered by a person who has made outstanding contributions to the field of conservation; the first Forbes Prize lecture was given by Harold Plenderleith
Harold Plenderleith
Harold Plenderleith was a Scottish art conservator and archaeologist.-Biography:Harold Plenderleith was born in Scotland on 19 September 1898....

.

Past Forbes Prize Lecturers:
  • David Lowenthal (Istanbul 2010)
  • David Bomford (London 2008)
  • Gaël de Guichen (Munich 2006)
  • Andreas Burmester (Bilbao 2004)
  • Elizabeth West FitzHugh (Baltimore 2002)
  • Sarah Staniforth (Melbourne 2000)
  • Ashok Roy (Dublin 1998)
  • W. Andrew Oddy (Copenhagen 1996)
  • H. W. M. Hodges (Ottawa 1994)
  • A. E. Werner (Madrid 1992)
  • Robert L. Feller (Brussels 1990)
  • Kazuo Yamasaki (Kyoto 1988)
  • Giorgio Torraca (Bologna 1986)
  • John S. Mills (Paris 1984)
  • E. T. Hall (Washington 1982)
  • Lawrence Majewski (Vienna 1980)
  • Caroline Keck (Oxford 1978)
  • Lars Barkmann (Stockholm 1975)
  • Helmut Ruhemann (Lisbon 1972)
  • Arthur van Schendel (New York 1970)
  • Rutherford J. Gettens (London 1967)
  • Paul Coremans (Delft 1964)
  • Harold Plenderleith
    Harold Plenderleith
    Harold Plenderleith was a Scottish art conservator and archaeologist.-Biography:Harold Plenderleith was born in Scotland on 19 September 1898....

     (Rome 1961)

Image Permanence Award

The HP Image Permanence Award, sponsored by the Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA that provides products, technologies, softwares, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including...

 Company and given with participation of IIC, recognises outstanding contributions that advance the longevity of photographic and fine art images created via modern digital methods.

Past winners are:

2008-Rita Hofmann, Research and Development Director for the Ilford Imaging Group since 2000

2007-James M. Reilly, founder and director of the Image Permanence Institute
Image Permanence Institute
The Image Permanence Institute is a university-based, non-profit research laboratory devoted to scientific research in the preservation of visual and other forms of recorded information. It is the world's largest independent laboratory with this specific scope...

 (IPI) at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)

Gabo Trust-IIC Travelling Scholarship

The Gabo Trust-IIC Travelling Scholarship is a monetary award that allows individuals to travel around the world with the aim of carrying out research on the conservation of sculpture and meeting and seeing the work of other conservators and learning about their approaches, ethics, materials and methods.

Brommelle Memorial Fund

The Brommelle Memorial Fund was established in 1990 in memory of Norman Brommelle, who was Secretary-General of IIC between 1958 and 1988. The fund is used to provide assistance for students of conservation who wish to attend the Institute's international Congresses.

Opportunities Fund

IIC supports conservation institutions and individual conservators who cannot afford the cost of membership through its Opportunities Fund. The fund is maintained through the generous contributions of our members, and allows successful applicants to receive up to three years' membership of IIC without charge.

See also

  • Art conservation and restoration
    Art conservation and restoration
    Conservation-restoration, also referred to as conservation, is a profession devoted to the preservation of cultural heritage for the future. Conservation activities include examination, documentation, treatment, and preventive care...

  • Conservation Associations and Professional Organizations
    Conservation Associations and Professional Organizations
    The following is a list of conservation organizations associated with the professional field of art conservation.Professional conservators join and take part in the activities of numerous conservation associations and professional organizations with the wider conservation field, and within their...


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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