International Visitor Leadership Program

The International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) is a professional exchange program

United States Cultural Exchange Programs

United States cultural exchange programs, particularly those programs with ties to theBureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State, seek to develop cultural understanding between United States citizens and citizens of other countries...

funded by the U.S. Department of State Office of International Visitors in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs

Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs

The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State fosters mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries around the world...

. The purpose of the program is to help build mutual understanding between citizens of the U.S. and other countries.

History

In 1948 representative Karl E. Mundt and Senator H. Alexander Smith marshaled the Informational and Educational Exchange Act

Smith-Mundt Act

The US Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 , popularly referred to as the Smith–Mundt Act, specifies the terms in which the United States government can engage global audiences, also known as public diplomacy....

, also known as the Smith-Mundt Act

Smith-Mundt Act

which was passed by the 80th United States Congress

80th United States Congress

The Eightieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1947 to January 3, 1949, during the third and fourth...

and approved by President Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States . As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice president and the 34th Vice President of the United States , he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his...

. During a time when Americans grew increasingly concerned about Soviet propaganda

Propaganda

Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself or one's group....

, the purpose of the Smith-Mundt was "to promote a better understanding of the United States in other countries, and to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries" though educational and cultural exchanges. From this legislation birthed the Foreign Leaders Program, which was eventually consolidated into the International Visitor Program (IVP) in 1952. In 2004 the IVP was renamed the International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP).

Goals

While the IVLP has no written statement of purpose, Dr. Sherry L. Mueller (President, National Council for International Visitors

National Council for International Visitors

The National Council for International Visitors is a non-partisan, 501 non-profit organization established in 1961 to promote excellence in citizen diplomacy. It is based in Washington, D.C., in the United States....

) has identified at least two goals that have remained consistent since the inception of the program:

Link the foreign leaders with their U.S. counterparts, providing a solid professional experience and in-depth, substantive exploration of key issues and diverse, balanced approaches to these issues.

Enable the visitors to gain a better understanding of the history and heritage of the United States, a better sense of who [Americans] are as a people and what [Americans] value.

Notable alumni

The following tables list current and former chiefs of state and heads of government who have participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program.

East Asia & Pacific

Country	Name	Highest Position	Year Participated
	Julia Gillard Julia Gillard Julia Eileen Gillard is the 27th and current Prime Minister of Australia, in office since June 2010.Gillard was born in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales and migrated with her family to Adelaide, Australia in 1966, attending Mitcham Demonstration School and Unley High School. In 1982 Gillard moved...	Prime Minister	2006
	Paul Keating Paul Keating Paul John Keating was the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 1991 to 1996. Keating was elected as the federal Labor member for Blaxland in 1969 and came to prominence as the reformist treasurer of the Hawke Labor government, which came to power at the 1983 election...	Prime Minister	1977
	William Hayden	Governor General	1970
	Malcolm Fraser Malcolm Fraser John Malcolm Fraser AC, CH, GCL, PC is a former Australian Liberal Party politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia. He came to power in the 1975 election following the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor government, in which he played a key role...	Prime Minister	1964
	Gough Whitlam Gough Whitlam Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC , known as Gough Whitlam , served as the 21st Prime Minister of Australia. Whitlam led the Australian Labor Party to power at the 1972 election and retained government at the 1974 election, before being dismissed by Governor-General Sir John Kerr at the climax of the...	Prime Minister	1964
Cook Islands	Terepai Maoate Terepai Maoate Sir Terepai Tuamure Maoate, KBE was Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from 18 November 1999 to 11 February 2002. He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party...	Prime Minister	1987
Federated States of Micronesia	Tosiwo Nakayama Tosiwo Nakayama Tosiwo Nakayama was the first President of the Federated States of Micronesia. He served two terms from 1979 until 1987....	President	1961
Fiji	Kamisese Mara Kamisese Mara Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE is considered the founding father of the modern nation of Fiji. He was Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992...	Acting President	1964
	Penaia Ganilau Penaia Ganilau Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau, GCMG, KCVO, KBE, DSO was the first President of Fiji, serving from 8 December 1987 until his death in 1993...	President	1963
	George Cakobau George Cakobau Ratu Sir George Kadavulevu Cakobau, GCMG, GCVO, OBE was Governor General of Fiji from 1973 to 1983. A great-grandson of Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau, the King of Bau who had unified all the tribes of Fiji under his reign in the mid-1800s and subsequently ceded the islands to the United Kingdom in...	Governor General	1964
Indonesia	Megawati Sukarnoputri Megawati Sukarnoputri In this Indonesian name, the name "Sukarnoputri" is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name "Megawati"....	President	1989
Indonesia	Abdurrahman Wahid Abdurrahman Wahid Abdurrahman Wahid, born Abdurrahman Addakhil , colloquially known as , was an Indonesian Muslim religious and political leader who served as the President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001...	President	1979
Japan	Morihiro Hosokawa Morihiro Hosokawa is a Japanese politician who was the 79th Prime Minister of Japan from August 9, 1993 to April 28, 1994. His coalition was the first non-Liberal Democratic Party government since 1955.- Early life :...	Prime Minister	1980
Japan	Toshiki Kaifu Toshiki Kaifu is a Japanese politician who was the 76th and 77th Prime Minister of Japan from 1989 to 1991.- Career :He was born in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, and was educated at Chuo University and Waseda University. A member of the Liberal Democratic Party , Kaifu ran successfully for the Diet in 1960 and...	Prime Minister	1962
Malaysia	Mahathir bin Mohamad Mahathir bin Mohamad Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad . is a Malaysian politician who was the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the post for 22 years from 1981 to 2003, making him Malaysia's longest serving Prime Minister. His political career spanned almost 40 years.Born and raised in Alor Setar, Kedah, Mahathir...	Prime Minister	1973
Malaysia	Abdul Razak	Prime Minister	1963, 1953
Mongolia	Nambaryn Enkhbayar Nambaryn Enkhbayar Nambaryn Enkhbayar is a Mongolian political figure. He was the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, the Speaker of Parliament from 2004 to 2005, and the President of Mongolia from 2005 to 2009...	President	1994
New Zealand	Helen Clark Helen Clark Helen Elizabeth Clark, ONZ is a New Zealand political figure who was the 37th Prime Minister of New Zealand for three consecutive terms from 1999 to 2008...	Prime Minister	1998
	Jenny Shipley Jenny Shipley Dame Jenny Shipley, DNZM , served as the 36th Prime Minister of New Zealand from December 1997 to December 1999, the first woman to hold this office and the first, and to date only, woman to serve as parliamentary leader of the National Party of New Zealand.-Early life:Shipley was born as Jennifer...	Prime Minister	1989
	David Lange David Lange David Russell Lange, ONZ, CH , served as the 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989. He headed New Zealand's fourth Labour Government, one of the most reforming administrations in his country's history, but one which did not always conform to traditional expectations of a...	Prime Minister	1983
	Norman Kirk Norman Kirk Norman Eric Kirk was the 29th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1972 until his sudden death in 1974. He led the Parliamentary wing of the New Zealand Labour Party from 1965 to 1974. He was the fourth Labour Prime Minister of New Zealand, but the first to be born in New Zealand...	Prime Minister	1971, 1962
	Robert Muldoon Robert Muldoon Sir Robert David "Rob" Muldoon, GCMG, CH served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984, as leader of the governing National Party. Muldoon had been a prominent member of the National party and MP for the Tamaki electorate for some years prior to becoming leader of the party...	Prime Minister	1965
	Wallace E. Rowling	Prime Minister	1967
	Jack Marshall Jack Marshall Sir John Ross Marshall, GBE, CH, , generally known as Jack Marshall, was a New Zealand politician. After spending twelve years as Deputy Prime Minister, he served as the 28th Prime Minister for most of 1972....	Prime Minister	1958
Palau	Lazarus Salii Lazarus Salii Lazarus Eitaro Salii was a politician from Palau. He served as the third President of Palau from 25 October 1985 until he committed suicide on 20 August 1988, amid bribery allegations....	President	1968
Papua New Guinea	Ignatius Kilage Ignatius Kilage Sir Ignatius Kilage, GCMG was the fourth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea and served from March to December 1989, when he died suddenly in office....	Governor-General	1976
Papua New Guinea	Michael Somare Michael Somare Sir Michael Thomas Somare, GCL, GCMG, CH, CF, KStJ, MP was Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 2002 to 2011; he had previously been Prime Minister from independence in 1975 until 1980 and again from 1982 until 1985. Somare's first two terms were as a member of the Pangu Party, but he then...	Prime Minister	1971
Philippines	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...	President	1964
Samoa	Vaai Kolone	Prime Minister	1981
Singapore	Wee Kim Wee Wee Kim Wee Wee Kim Wee GCB was the fourth President of Singapore from 2 September 1985 to 1 September 1993.-Early life:Born into a humble family, Wee Kim Wee was the son of a clerk, Wee Choong Lay and his wife Chua Lay Hua. His father died when he was eight...	President	1964
Singapore	Devan Nair Devan Nair Devan Nair a/l Chengara Veetil, also known as C. V. Devan Nair , was the third President of Singapore and was elected by Parliament on October 23, 1981. He served as President until his resignation on March 28, 1985.-Youth:Nair was born in Malacca, Malaysia, the son of an Indian immigrant I.V.K...	President	1979
South Korea	Kim Dae-jung	President	1965
	Kim Yong-sam	President	1964
	Han Seung-soo	Prime Minister	1977
	Hyun Seung-jong	Acting Prime Minister	1971
	Lee Yung-duk	Prime Minister	1966
	Kim Sang-hyup	Prime Minister	1970, 1960
	Nam Duck-woo	Prime Minister	1975
	Chung Il-kwon	Prime Minister	1971
	Lee Han-key	Prime Minister	1972
	Choi Doo-sun	Prime Minister	1950
Republic of China	Ma Ying-jeou Ma Ying-jeou Ma Ying-jeou is the 12th term and current President of the Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, and the Chairman of the Kuomintang Party, also known as the Chinese Nationalist Party. He formerly served as Justice Minister from 1993 to 1996, Mayor of Taipei from 1998 to 2006, and Chairman...	President	1971, 2003
Republic of China	Chen Shui-bian Chen Shui-bian Chen Shui-bian is a former Taiwanese politician who was the 10th and 11th-term President of the Republic of China from 2000 to 2008. Chen, whose Democratic Progressive Party has traditionally been supportive of Taiwan independence, ended more than fifty years of Kuomintang rule in Taiwan...	President	1990
Thailand	Chuan Leekpai Chuan Leekpai Chuan Leekpai was the Prime Minister of Thailand from September 20, 1992 to May 19, 1995 and again from November 9, 1997 to February 9, 2001. A third-generation Thai Chinese, Chuan was born in Trang province in a grass-roofed house. The walls of his family's house were woven from strips of...	Prime Minister	1971
Tonga	Taufa'ahau Tupou IV Taufa'ahau Tupou IV Tāufaāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga, GCMG, GCVO, KBE, KStJ son of Queen Sālote Tupou III and her consort Prince Viliami Tungī Mailefihi, was the king of Tonga from the death of his mother in 1965 until his own death in 2006...	King	1964
Tonga	Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake	Prime Minister	1968
Vanuatu	Walter Lini Walter Lini Father Walter Hadye Lini was an Anglican priest and the founding Prime Minister of Vanuatu. He was born on Pentecost Island. During the era when Vanuatu was a condominium ruled by the United Kingdom and France, Lini formed the Vanua'aku Pati, which was principally backed by English-speakers...	Prime Minister	1976

Europe

Country/Region	Name	Highest Position	Year Participated
	Heinz Fischer Heinz Fischer Heinz Fischer GColIH is the President of Austria. He took office on 8 July 2004 and was re-elected for a second and last term on 25 April 2010. Before he took office, Fischer was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria...	President	1964
	Alfred Gusenbauer Alfred Gusenbauer Alfred Gusenbauer is an Austrian career politician who until 2008 spent his entire professional life as an employee of the Social Democratic Party of Austria or as a parliamentary representative. He headed the SPÖ from 2000 to 2008, and served as Chancellor of Austria from January 2007 to...	Chancellor	1987
	Wolfgang Schüssel Wolfgang Schüssel Wolfgang Schüssel is an Austrian People's Party politician. He was Chancellor of Austria for two consecutive terms from February 2000 to January 2007...	Chancellor	1984, 1971
	Franz Vranitzky Franz Vranitzky Franz Vranitzky is an Austrian politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria , he was Chancellor of Austria from 1986 to 1997.-Early life and career:...	Chancellor	1975
	Bruno Kreisky Bruno Kreisky Bruno Kreisky was an Austrian politician who served as Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1966 and as Chancellor from 1970 to 1983. Aged 72 at the end of his chancellorship, he was the oldest acting Chancellor after World War II....	Chancellor	1958
	Fred Sinowatz Fred Sinowatz Alfred "Fred" Sinowatz was born in Neufeld an der Leitha, Burgenland, Austria. He was an Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Austria , and was Chancellor of Austria from 1983 to 1986.- Career until 1983 :Sinowatz, educated as a historian, was Minister of Education and Art in the...	Chancellor	1965
Belgium	Yves Leterme Yves Leterme Yves Camille Désiré Leterme is a Flemish Belgian politician, a leader of the Christian Democratic and Flemish party , and the 48th Prime Minister of Belgium.Leterme was the Prime Minister of Belgium from March 2008 to December 2008...	Prime Minister	1983
	Guy Verhofstadt Guy Verhofstadt Guy Verhofstadt is a Belgian politician who was the 47th Prime Minister of Belgium from 1999 to 2008. He is currently a Member of the European Parliament and leader of the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.- Early career :...	Prime Minister	1983
	Wilfried Martens Wilfried Martens Wilfried Martens is a Belgian politician. He was born in Sleidinge . Martens was the 44th Prime Minister of Belgium from 3 April 1979 to 6 April 1981 and 17 December 1981 to 7 March 1992....	Prime Minister	1971
	Leo Tindemans	Prime Minister	1967
	Mark Eyskens Mark Eyskens Marc Maria Frans, Viscount Eyskens , known as Mark Eyskens , is a Belgian economist and politician in the Christian People's Party , now called Christian Democratic and Flemish, and briefly served as Prime Minister of Belgium in 1981.-Background:He was born in Leuven, the son of Gaston Eyskens, and...	Prime Minister	1984
Kingdom of Bulgaria	Sergei Stanishev	Prime Minister	2004
	Zhan Videnov Zhan Videnov Zhan Vasilev Videnov was prime minister of Bulgaria from 25 January 1995 until 13 February 1997, a term remembered for the most severe economic and financial crisis in recent Bulgarian history. He was chairman of the Bulgarian Socialist Party from 1991 to 1996.-Education:Zhan Videnov graduated...	Prime Minister	1992
	Philip Dimitrov	Prime Minister	1990
Independent State of Croatia	Ivica Racan Ivica Racan Ivica Račan was a Croatian career politician, leader of the League of Communists of Croatia and later Social Democratic Party from 1989 to 2007...	Prime Minister	1998
Denmark	Anders Fogh Rasmussen Anders Fogh Rasmussen Anders Fogh Rasmussen is a Danish politician, and the 12th and current Secretary General of NATO. Rasmussen served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 27 November 2001 to 5 April 2009....	Prime Minister	1982
Denmark	Poul Nyrup Rasmussen Poul Nyrup Rasmussen Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943), was Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and is currently President of the Party of European Socialists . He was the leader of the governing Social Democrats from 1992 to 2002...	Prime Minister	1985
Finland	Tarja Halonen Tarja Halonen Tarja Kaarina Halonen is the incumbent President of Finland. The first female to hold the office, Halonen had previously been a member of the parliament from 1979 to 2000 when she resigned after her election to the presidency...	President	1983
	Matti Vanhanen Matti Vanhanen Matti Taneli Vanhanen is a Finnish politician. He is a former Prime Minister of Finland and a former Chairman of the Centre Party. In the second half of 2006 he was President of the European Council. In his earlier career he was a journalist...	Prime Minister	1993
	Paavo Lipponen Paavo Lipponen Paavo Tapio Lipponen is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005...	Prime Minister	1974
	Esko Aho Esko Aho Esko Tapani Aho is a statesman and former Prime Minister of Finland.-Early life and career:Aho was born in Veteli, Finland. Prior to attending university, he began a career in politics. From 1974 to 1979, he was Chairman of the Finnish Centre Youth, which had before him grown many of his...	Prime Minister	1979
	Harri Holkeri	Prime Minister	1970
Early Modern France	Nicolas Sarkozy Nicolas Sarkozy Nicolas Sarkozy is the 23rd and current President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. He assumed the office on 16 May 2007 after defeating the Socialist Party candidate Ségolène Royal 10 days earlier....	President	1985
	François Fillon François Fillon François Charles Armand Fillon is the Prime Minister of France. He was appointed to that office by President Nicolas Sarkozy on 17 May 2007. He served initially until 13 November 2010 when he resigned from being prime minister before a planned cabinet reshuffle.On 14 November 2010, Sarkozy...	Prime Minister	1984
	Lionel Jospin Lionel Jospin Lionel Jospin is a French politician, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.Jospin was the Socialist Party candidate for President of France in the elections of 1995 and 2002. He was narrowly defeated in the final runoff election by Jacques Chirac in 1995...	Prime Minister	1977
	Alain Juppe Alain Juppé Alain Marie Juppé is a French politician currently serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He also served as Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac and the Minister of Defence and Veterans Affairs from 2010 to 2011...	Prime Minister	1978
	Pierre Beregovoy Pierre Bérégovoy Pierre Eugène Bérégovoy was a French Socialist politician. He served as Prime Minister under François Mitterrand from 1992 to 1993.-Early career:...	Prime Minister	1977
	Valery Giscard D'Estaing Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing is a French centre-right politician who was President of the French Republic from 1974 until 1981...	President	1956
Georgia (country)	Mikheil Saakashvili Mikheil Saakashvili Mikheil Saakashvili is a Georgian politician, the third and current President of Georgia and leader of the United National Movement Party.Involved in the national politics since 1995, Saakashvili became president on 25 January 2004 after President Eduard Shevardnadze resigned in a November 2003...	President	1999
	Zurab Noghaideli Zurab Noghaideli Zurab Noghaideli is a Georgian businessman and a politician who served as the Prime Minister of Georgia from February 2005 until he resigned, citing health problems, on 16 November 2007...	Prime Minister	1997
	Zurab Zhvania Zurab Zhvania Zurab Zhvania was a prominent Georgian politician, having served as Prime Minister of Georgia and Speaker of the Parliament of Georgia as well as Minister without Portfolio. Zhvania assumed premiership on 18 February 2004 and remained on the position until his death on 3 February 2005...	Prime Minister	1997
Germany	Christian Wulff Christian Wulff Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff is the President of Germany and a politician of the Christian Democratic Union. He was elected President on 2010 and publicly swore the oath of office on . A lawyer by profession, he served as Premier of the state of Lower Saxony from 2003 to 2010.-Early life and...	President	2000
	Gerhard Schröder Gerhard Schröder Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder is a German politician, and was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , he led a coalition government of the SPD and the Greens. Before becoming a full-time politician, he was a lawyer, and before becoming Chancellor...	Chancellor	1981
	Richard von Weizsäcker Richard von Weizsäcker Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker , known as Richard von Weizsäcker, is a German politician . He served as Governing Mayor of West Berlin from 1981 to 1984, and as President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1984 to 1994...	President	1978
	Walter Scheel Walter Scheel Walter Scheel is a German politician . He served as Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development from 1961 to 1966, Foreign Minister of Germany and Vice Chancellor from 1969 to 1974, acting Chancellor of Germany from 7 May to 16 May 1974 , and finally as President of the Federal...	President	1951
	Karl Carstens Karl Carstens Karl Carstens was a German politician. He served as President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1979 to 1984.-Biography:...	President	1950
	Kurt Georg Kiesinger Kurt Georg Kiesinger Kurt Georg Kiesinger was a German politician affiliated with the CDU and Chancellor of West Germany from 1 December 1966 until 21 October 1969.-Early career and wartime activities:...	Chancellor	1954
	Willy Brandt Willy Brandt Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm , was a German politician, Mayor of West Berlin 1957–1966, Chancellor of West Germany 1969–1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany 1964–1987....	Chancellor	1954
	Helmut Schmidt Helmut Schmidt Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt is a German Social Democratic politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982. Prior to becoming chancellor, he had served as Minister of Defence and Minister of Finance. He had also served briefly as Minister of Economics and as acting...	Chancellor	1956
Greece	Konstandinos Karamanlis	Prime Minister	1995
	Constantine Mitsotakis Constantine Mitsotakis Constantine Mitsotakis , a Greek politician, was born in Chania, Crete. He came from a political family: his father and grandfathers were members of parliament, and the great liberal leader Eleftherios Venizelos was his uncle...	Prime Minister	1959
	Constantine Karamanlis Constantine Karamanlis Konstantínos G. Karamanlís , commonly anglicised to Constantine Karamanlis or Caramanlis, was a four-time Prime Minister, the 3rd and 5th President of the Third Hellenic Republic and a towering figure of Greek politics whose political career spanned much of the latter half of the 20th century.-...	President	1951
	Constantine Tsatsos	President	1952
	George Rallis George Rallis Georgios Ioannou Rallis , Greek politician, was Prime Minister of Greece from 1980 to 1981.- Ancestors in politics :Rallis was descended from an old political family. Before Greek independence, Alexander Rallis was a prominent Phanariote . In 1849 his son George Rallis became Chief Justice of the...	Prime Minister	1958, 1953
Hungary	Gyula Horn Gyula Horn Gyula Horn is a Hungarian politician and the third Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary, from 1994–1998....	Prime Minister	1981
Hungary	Jozsef Antall József Antall József Antall was the first democratically-elected Prime Minister of Hungary after the fall of Communism , teacher, librarian, historian and political figure...	Prime Minister	1989
Iceland	Geir Haarde Geir Haarde Geir Hilmar Haarde was Prime Minister of Iceland from 15 June 2006 to 1 February 2009 and Chairman of the Icelandic Independence Party from 2005 to 2009. Geir initially led a coalition between his party and the Progressive Party...	Prime Minister	1985
	David Oddsson	Prime Minister	1983
	Thorsteinn Palsson	Prime Minister	1984
	Kristjan Eldjarn Kristján Eldjárn Dr. Kristján Eldjárn was the third President of Iceland, from 1968 to 1980.His parents were Þórarinn Kr. Eldjárn, a teacher in Tjörn, and Sigrún Sigurhjartardóttir. He graduated in archaeology from the University of Copenhagen and taught at the University of Iceland...	President	1957
Republic of Ireland	Mary Robinson Mary Robinson Mary Therese Winifred Robinson served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister, campaigner and member of the Irish Senate...	President	1976
Republic of Ireland	John Bruton John Bruton John Gerard Bruton is an Irish politician who served as Taoiseach of Ireland from 1994 to 1997. A minister under two taoisigh, Liam Cosgrave and Garret FitzGerald, Bruton held a number of the top posts in Irish government, including Minister for Finance , and Minister for Industry, Trade,...	Prime Minister	1980
Italy	Oscar Luigi Scalfaro Oscar Luigi Scalfaro Oscar Luigi Scalfaro , Italian politician and magistrate, was the ninth President of the Italian Republic from 1992 to 1999, and is currently a senator for life...	President	1960
	Francesco Cossiga Francesco Cossiga Francesco Cossiga was an Italian politician, the 43rd Prime Minister and the eighth President of the Italian Republic. He was also a professor of constitutional law at the University of Sassari....	President	1966
	Giuseppe Saragat Giuseppe Saragat Giuseppe Saragat was an Italian politician who was the fifth President of the Italian Republic from 1964 to 1971.Saragat was born in Turin, from Sardinian parents....	President	1963
	Romano Prodi Romano Prodi Romano Prodi is an Italian politician and statesman. He served as the Prime Minister of Italy, from 17 May 1996 to 21 October 1998 and from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008...	Prime Minister	1979
	Giovanni Goria Giovanni Goria Giovanni Giuseppe Goria was an Italian politician. He served as the 47th Prime Minister of Italy from 1987 until 1988.-Biography:Goria was born in Asti ....	Prime Minister	1981
	Giovanni Spadolini Giovanni Spadolini Giovanni Spadolini was a liberal Italian politician, the 45th Prime Minister of Italy, newspaper editor, journalist and a noted historian.-Biography:Spadolini was born in Florence....	Prime Minister	1952
	Arnaldo Forlani Arnaldo Forlani This article is about the Italian legislator. For the similar name used as an alias by terrorist Ramzi Yousef for Philippine Airlines Flight 434, see Ramzi Yousef....	Prime Minister	1960
Republic of Kosovo	Fatmir Sejdiu Fatmir Sejdiu Fatmir Sejdiu is a politician from Kosovo. He was the leader of the Democratic League of Kosovo and was the first President of the Republic of Kosovo.-Early life and education:...	President	2003
	Bajram Kosumi Bajram Kosumi Bajram Kosumi is an ethnic Albanian politician in Kosovo who served as the Prime Minister of Kosovo for the best part of a year...	Prime Minister	2001
	Bajram Rexhepi Bajram Rexhepi Bajram Rexhepi is a politician. He is currently Interior Minister of the Republic of Kosovo and a member of the Kosovo Assembly. He was also the first elected post-war Prime Minister of Kosovo...	Prime Minister	2000
Lithuania	Gediminas Kirkilas Gediminas Kirkilas Gediminas Kirkilas is a former Prime Minister of Lithuania . He was appointed on 4 July 2006 after Zigmantas Balčytis, the provisional Prime Minister, failed to gather the required support from the Seimas. Kirkilas managed to get the necessary support from the Seimas on 4 July 2006...	Prime Minister	2002
Luxembourg	Jacques Santer	Prime Minister	1973
Republic of Macedonia	Nikola Gruevski Nikola Gruevski Nikola Gruevski has been Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia since 27 August 2006. He has led VMRO-DPMNE since May 2003. He was Minister of Finance in the VMRO-DPMNE government led by Ljubčo Georgievski until September 2002.- Personal life :...	Prime Minister	2000
	Boris Trajkovski Boris Trajkovski Trajkovski died on 26 February 2004 in a plane crash en route to an economic conference in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aircraft crashed in thick fog and heavy rain on a mountainside in southeastern Herzegovina, near the villages of Huskovici and Rotimlja some eight miles south-south-east...	President	1996
	Ljubco Georgievski	Prime Minister	1996
Malta	Edward Fenech Adami	President	1974, 1975
	Lawrence Gonzi Lawrence Gonzi Lawrence Gonzi is a Maltese politician who has been Prime Minister of Malta since 2004. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta from 1988 to 1996, Minister of Social Policy from 1998 to 1999, and Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2004...	Prime Minister	1990
	Ugo Mifsud Bonnici Ugo Mifsud Bonnici Dr Ugo Mifsud Bonnici was the fifth President of Malta from 1994 to 1999.-Early life, education, and family:He was born in Cospicua as the son of Professor Carmelo Mifsud Bonnici LL.D and Maria Ross. He was educated at the Lyceum and the Royal University of Malta. He graduated as a Bachelor of...	President	1971
	Dominic Mintoff	Prime Minister	1965
Moldova	Petru Lucinschi Petru Lucinschi Petru Chiril Lucinschi was Moldova's second President .- Biography :Petru Chiril Lucinschi was born on January 27, 1940 in Rădulenii Vechi village, Soroca County, Romania...	President	1995
Netherlands	Jan Peter Balkenende Jan Peter Balkenende Jan Pieter "Jan Peter" Balkenende is a Dutch politician of the party Christian Democratic Appeal .He was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 July 2002 until 14 October 2010, having led four coalition governments, cabinets Balkenende I, II, III and IV, none of which served a full...	Prime Minister	1985
	Willem Kok	Prime Minister	1978
	Joop den Uyl Joop den Uyl Johannes Marten den Uijl, known as Joop den Uyl was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party . He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from May 11, 1973 until December 19, 1977....	Prime Minister	1953, 1979
Norway	Jens Stoltenberg Jens Stoltenberg is a Norwegian politician, leader of the Norwegian Labour Party and the current Prime Minister of Norway. Having assumed office on 17 October 2005, Stoltenberg previously served as Prime Minister from 2000 to 2001....	Prime Minister	1988
	Kjell Magne Bondevik Kjell Magne Bondevik Kjell Magne Bondevik is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician . He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1997 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005, making him Norway's longest serving non-Labour Party Prime Minister since World War II...	Prime Minister	1971
	Jan P. Syse Jan P. Syse was a lawyer and Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party. He was Prime Minister of Norway from 1989 to 1990. He also served as Minister of Industry from 1983 to 1985...	Prime Minister	1978
	Kare Willoch Kåre Willoch Kåre Isaachsen Willoch is a Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party. He served as Minister of Trade and Shipping in 1963 and 1965–1970, and as Prime Minister of Norway from 1981 to 1986...	Prime Minister	1979
Poland	Bronislaw Komorowski Bronislaw Komorowski Bronisław Maria Komorowski is the President of Poland. As Marshal of the Sejm , Komorowski exercised powers and duties of head of state following the death of President Lech Kaczyński in a plane crash on 10 April 2010...	President	2006
	Donald Tusk Donald Tusk Donald Franciszek Tusk is a Polish politician who has been Prime Minister of Poland since 2007. He was a co-founder and is chairman of the Civic Platform party....	Prime Minister	1995
	Hanna Suchocka Hanna Suchocka Hanna Suchocka is a Polish political figure. She served as the prime minister of Poland between 11 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Wałęsa. She is the first woman to hold this post in Poland and 19th in the world.Suchocka is a specialist in Constitutional Law...	Prime Minister	1988
	Mieczysław Rakowski	Prime Minister	1978
Portugal	Anibal Cavaco Silva Aníbal Cavaco Silva Aníbal António Cavaco Silva, GCC , is the President of Portugal. He won the Portuguese presidential election on 22 January 2006 and was re-elected on 23 January 2011, for a second five-year term. Cavaco Silva was sworn in on 9 March 2006....	President	1978
	Jorge Sampaio	President	1965
	Mario Alberto Soares	President	1976
	Antonio Guterres António Guterres António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.-Early life:...	Prime Minister	1978
	Francisco Pinto Balsemao Francisco Pinto Balsemão Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão, GCC , is a former Prime Minister of Portugal, who served from 1981 to 1983.-Background:He is the son of Henrique Patrício de Balsemão and wife Maria Adelaide van Zeller de Castro Pereira , granddaughter in male line of an adulterine son of King Pedro...	Prime Minister	1965
Kingdom of Romania	Victor Ciorbea Victor Ciorbea Victor Ciorbea is a Romanian politician. He was the Mayor of Bucharest in 1996-1997 and, after his resignation from office, Prime Minister of Romania from 12 December 1996 to 30 March 1998.-Biography:...	Prime Minister	1995
Slovenia	Janez Drnovšek Janez Drnovšek Janez Drnovšek was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia , Prime Minister of Slovenia and President of Slovenia . He was born in Celje, Slovenia, then the Socialist Republic of Slovenia...	President	1988
Sweden	Frederik Reinfeldt	Prime Minister	2002
Sweden	Carl Bildt Carl Bildt , Honorary KCMG is a Swedish politician, diplomat and nobleman. Formerly Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994 and leader of the liberal conservative Moderate Party from 1986 to 1999, Bildt has served as Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs since 6 October 2006...	Prime Minister	1973
Switzerland	Moritz Leuenberger Moritz Leuenberger Moritz Leuenberger is a Swiss politician, lawyer, was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1995 to 2010 and President of the Confederation in 2001 and in 2006....	President	1993
Turkey	Abdullah Gul Abdullah Gül Dr. Abdullah Gül, GCB is the 11th and current President of the Republic of Turkey, serving in that office since 28 August 2007. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002-03, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2003-07....	President	1995
Turkey	Suleyman Demirel Süleyman Demirel Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel , is a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister seven times and was the ninth President of Turkey.-Life:Demirel was born in İslamköy, a town in Isparta Province...	President	1957
Ukraine	Leonid Kuchma Leonid Kuchma Leonid Danylovych Kuchma was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994, to 23 January 2005. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 presidential election against his rival, incumbent Leonid Kravchuk...	President	1994
Ukraine	Leonid Kravchuk Leonid Kravchuk Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk is a Ukrainian politician, the first President of Ukraine serving from December 5, 1991 until his resignation on July 19, 1994, a former Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and People's Deputy of Ukraine serving in the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine faction.After a...	President
United Kingdom	Gordon Brown Gordon Brown James Gordon Brown is a British Labour Party politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 until 2010. He previously served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Labour Government from 1997 to 2007...	Prime Minister	1992, 1984
	Tony Blair Tony Blair Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a former British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007...	Prime Minister	1992, 1986
	Margaret Thatcher Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...	Prime Minister	1967
	Edward Heath Edward Heath Sir Edward Richard George "Ted" Heath, KG, MBE, PC was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and as Leader of the Conservative Party ....	Prime Minister	1953

North Africa, Near East & South and Central Asia

Country	Name	Highest Position	Year Participated
	Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai, GCMG is the 12th and current President of Afghanistan, taking office on 7 December 2004. He became a dominant political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001...	President	1987
Bangladesh	Fakhruddin Ahmed Fakhruddin Ahmed Dr Fakhruddin Ahmed is a noted Bangladeshi economist, civil servant, and a former governor of the Bangladesh Bank, the country's central bank...	Chief Advisor Chief Advisor The Chief Advisor of the Caretaker Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh takes over as the Head of Government for 90 days during transition between one elected government to another. The Caretaker Government that is mandated only to hold the Parliamentary Elections in Bangladesh. The...	1977
Bangladesh	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a Bengali nationalist politician and the founder of Bangladesh. He headed the Awami League, served as the first President of Bangladesh and later became its Prime Minister. He headed the Awami League, served as the first President of Bangladesh and later became its...	Prime Minister	1952
Bhutan	Jigme Thinley	Prime Minister	1987
Bhutan	Khandu Wangchuk	Prime Minister	1993
Egypt	Anwar Sadat Anwar Sadat Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981...	President	1968
	Ahmed Nazif Ahmed Nazif Ahmed Nazif served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from 14 July 2004 to 29 January 2011, when his cabinet was dismissed by President Hosni Mubarak in light of a popular uprising that led to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011...	Prime Minister	1990
	Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin was from 2 January 1982 to 5 June 1984 the Prime Minister of Egypt. He was a member of the National Democratic Party .-References:...	Prime Minister	1977
India	Pratibha Patil Pratibha Patil Pratibha Devisingh Patil is the 12th President of the Republic of India and first woman to hold the office. She was sworn in as President of India on 25 July 2007, succeeding Dr. A.P.J...	President	1999, 1986
	Kocheril Raman Narayanan	President	1969
	Manmohan Singh Manmohan Singh Manmohan Singh is the 13th and current Prime Minister of India. He is the only Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after completing a full five-year term. A Sikh, he is the first non-Hindu to occupy the office. Singh is also the 7th Prime Minister belonging to the Indian...	Prime Minister	1981
	Atal Bihari Vajpayee Atal Bihari Vajpayee Atal Bihari Vajpayee is an Indian statesman who served as the tenth Prime Minister of India three times – first for a brief term of 13 days in 1996, and then for two terms from 1998 to 2004. After his first brief period as Prime Minister in 1996, Vajpayee headed a coalition government from...	Prime Minister	1960
	Indira Gandhi Indira Gandhi Indira Priyadarshini Gandhara was an Indian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms and a fourth term . She was assassinated by Sikh extremists...	Prime Minister	1961
	Morarji Desai Morarji Desai Morarji Ranchhodji Desai was an Indian independence activist and the fourth Prime Minister of India from 1977–79. He was the first Indian Prime Minister who did not belong to the Indian National Congress...	Prime Minister	1962
Israel	Moshe Katzav	President	1980
Israel	Ehud Olmert Ehud Olmert Ehud Olmert is an Israeli politician and lawyer. He served as Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009, as a Cabinet Minister from 1988 to 1992 and from 2003 to 2006, and as Mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003....	Prime Minister	1978
Jordan	Adnan Badran Adnan Badran Adnan Badran is a Jordanian scientist, academic and politician. He was the prime minister of Jordan from April 7, 2005 to November 27, 2005.-Early life:Badran was born in Jerash, Jordan...	Prime Minister	1977
	Faisal al-Fayez Faisal al-Fayez Faisal al-Fayez was the Prime Minister of Jordan from 25 October 2003, to 6 April 2005. He took office following the resignation of Ali Abu al-Ragheb. He resigned after being criticized for not being reformist enough. He previously served as Defence Minister, and is close to the king...	Prime Minister	1988
	Abdelsalam al-Majali Abdelsalam al-Majali Abdelsalam al-Majali was twice the Prime Minister of Jordan Abd al-Salam received his medical degree from the Syrian University in 1949. He was director of medical services for the Jordanian armed forces, president of Jordan University , and minister of health...	Prime Minister	1969
Kyrgyzstan	Kurmanbek Bakiyev Kurmanbek Bakiyev Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev is a politician who served as the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010...	President	2004
Lebanon	Amin Gemayel	President	1979, 1972
Lebanon	Elias Sarkis Elias Sarkis Elias Sarkis was the President of the Lebanese Republic from 1976 to 1982.-Early career:Born in Shabbaniah, Sarkis graduated with a Law degree from Saint Joseph University in 1948. After joining the judicial corps in 1953, he became a judge with the Accounting Department...	President	1971
Morocco	Azzedine Laraki	Prime Minister	1986
Morocco	Maati Bouabid Maati Bouabid Maati Bouabid was the Prime Minister of Morocco between March 22, 1979 and November 30, 1983. - References :...	Prime Minister	1965, 1961
Nepal	Krishna Prasad Bhattarai Krishna Prasad Bhattarai Krishna Prasad Bhattarai was a Nepalese political leader. As a leader of the Nepali Congress Party, he made his position by transitioning Nepal from an absolute monarchy to a democratic multi-party system.Bhattarai was twice the Prime Minister of Nepal, once heading the Interim Government from 19...	Prime Minister	1993
Nepal	Sher Bahadur Deuba Sher Bahadur Deuba Sher Bahadur Deuba is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister. He is the second senior most leader of the Nepali Congress. He has twice been elected as the leader of parliamentary party of the Nepali Congress, thus enabling him to be elected twice as the Prime Minister of Nepal.He has...	Prime Minister
Pakistan	Ghulam Ishaq Khan Ghulam Ishaq Khan Ghulam Ishaq Khan , abbreviated as GIK, was the seventh President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993 and a career statesman from the start to the end of cold war...	President	1949
Sri Lanka	Mahinda Rajapakse	President	1989
	Ratnasiri Wickremanayake Ratnasiri Wickremanayake Ratnasiri Wickremanayake MP is a Sri Lankan politician who was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2005 to 2010. He is currently a National List member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka....	Prime Minister	1975
	Ranasinghe Premadasa Ranasinghe Premadasa Ranasinghe Premadasa was the 3rd President of Sri Lanka from January 2, 1989 to May 1, 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from February 6, 1978 to January 1, 1989...	President	1966
Tunisia	Mohamed Mzali	Prime Minister	1964
Qatar	Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani style="float:right;"\| Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber bin Muhammad Al Thani is a Qatari politician and the current Prime Minister of Qatar, a position he has held since 3 April 2007, and Foreign Minister, which he has been since 11 January 1992.-Life and education:Sheikh Hamad was born in Doha,...	Prime Minister	1989

Sub-Saharan Africa

Country	Name	Highest Position	Year Participated
	Nicephore Soglo Nicéphore Soglo Nicéphore Dieudonné Soglo is a Beninois politician who was Prime Minister of Benin from 1990 to 1991 and President from 1991 to 1996. He has been the Mayor of Cotonou since 2003.-Biography:Soglo was born in Togo...	President	1997
Botswana	Festus G. Mogae	President	1976
Botswana	Quett Masire Quett Masire Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, GCMG was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998. He stepped down and was succeeded by the then Vice-President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, who became the third President of Botswana...	President	1975
Burkina Faso	Roch Marc Christian Kaboré Roch Marc Christian Kaboré Roch Marc Christian Kaboré is the President of the National Assembly of Burkina Faso and the President of the Congress for Democracy and Progress .-First school years:...	President	1999, 1986
Central African Republic	Andre-Dieudonne Kolingba	President	1966
Chad	Youssouf Saleh Abbas Youssouf Saleh Abbas Youssouf Saleh Abbas is a Chadian political figure who was Prime Minister of Chad from April 2008 to March 2010. He was previously a diplomatic adviser and special representative of President Idriss Déby.-Political career:...	Prime Minister	1999
Chad	Nagoum Yamassoum Nagoum Yamassoum Nagoum Yamassoum is a Chadian politician. He was Prime Minister of Chad from 1999 to 2002 and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2005....	Prime Minister	1992
Côte d'Ivoire	Laurent Gbagbo Laurent Gbagbo Laurent Koudou Gbagbo served as the fourth President of Côte d'Ivoire from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011. A historian by profession, he is also an amateur chemist and physicist....	President	1993
Côte d'Ivoire	Daniel Kablan Duncan Daniel Kablan Duncan Daniel Kablan Duncan is a Ivorian politician who was Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from 11 December 1993 to 24 December 1999. Since June 2011, he has served in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs....	Prime Minister	1974
Ghana	John Kufuor John Kufuor John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor was the second president of the 4th Republic of Ghana and Chairperson of the African Union...	President	Late 1960s
Guinea	Lamine Sidimé Lamine Sidimé Lamine Sidimé is the President of the Supreme Court of Guinea. He was Prime Minister of Guinea from 1999 to 2004.Sidimé served as President of the Supreme Court before being appointed as Prime Minister by President Lansana Conte in March 1999, replacing Sidya Touré. After five years in office, he...	Prime Minister	1992
Kenya	Mwai Kibaki Mwai Kibaki Mwai Kibaki is the current and third President of the republic of Kenya.Kibaki was previously Vice President of Kenya for ten years from 1978–1988 and also held cabinet ministerial positions, including a widely acclaimed stint as Minister for Finance , Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for...	President	1999
Kenya	Daniel arap Moi Daniel arap Moi Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...	President	1969
Lesotho	'Mamohato Seeiso 'MaMohato of Lesotho Queen 'Mamohato Bereng Seeiso served as the Regent Head of State of Lesotho on three occasions:From 5 June to 5 December 1970From 10 March to 12 November 1990...	Queen	1993
Madagascar	Didier Ratsiraka Didier Ratsiraka Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician who was President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002.-Second Republic:...	President	1973
Madagascar	Philibert Tsiranana Philibert Tsiranana Philibert Tsiranana was a Malagasy politician and leader, who served as the first President of Madagascar from 1959 to 1972....	President	1964
Malawi	Bakili Muluzi Bakili Muluzi Elson Bakili Muluzi is a Malawian politician. He was the President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004 and was Chairman of the United Democratic Front until 2009.-Presidency:...	President	1980
Mali	Alpha Oumar Konaré Alpha Oumar Konaré Alpha Oumar Konaré was the President of Mali for two five-year terms , and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008.-Scholarly career:...	President	1978
Mauritius	Anerood Jugnauth Anerood Jugnauth Sir Anerood Jugnauth , KCMG, QC, GCSK, PC, LLB, GOLH, GOP, ORS is the President of Mauritius and all its dependencies...	President	1981
	Navinchandra Ramgoolam	Prime Minister	1986
	Veerasamy Ringadoo Veerasamy Ringadoo Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, GCMG, GCSK, QC, was the Governor General of Mauritius from 17 January 1986 to 12 March 1992, when it became a republic. Ringadoo then served as President until later in 1992, when he was replaced by the democratically elected Cassam Uteem. He is a Tamil by origin and a Hindu...	Governor General	1982
	Dayendranath Burrenchobay Dayendranath Burrenchobay Sir Dayendranath Burrenchobay KBE, CMG, CVO, GCSK, was born in Plaine Magnien, Mauritius and served as Governor-General of Mauritius....	Governor General	1969
Mozambique	Armando Guebuza Armando Guebuza Armando Emílio Guebuza is a Mozambican politician and the President of Mozambique since 2005.- Career :Armando Emílio Guebuza was born in 20 January 1943 in Portuguese East Africa...	President	1987
Mozambique	Pascoal Mocumbi Pascoal Mocumbi Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi was the Prime Minister of Mozambique from 1994 until 2004. His traditional name was Mahykete. He is the son of Manuel Mocumbi Malume, deceased, and Leta Alson Cuhle.-Education:...	Prime Minister	1986
Namibia	Nahas Angula Nahas Angula Nahas Gideon Angula is the current Prime Minister of Namibia. He entered into office on March 21, 2005, when his appointment was announced by new president Hifikepunye Pohamba during the latter's inauguration. Angula received a master's degree in education from Columbia University.Angula was...	Prime Minister	1996
Niger	Seyni Oumarou Seyni Oumarou Seyni Oumarou is a Nigerien politician who was Prime Minister of Niger from June 2007 to September 2009 and President of the National Assembly of Niger from November 2009 to February 2010. He is from the west of the country and is a member of the Djerma ethnic group...	Prime Minister	1990
Niger	Hama Amadou Hama Amadou Hama Amadou is a Nigerien politician who was Prime Minister of Niger from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2000 to 2007. He was also Secretary-General of the National Movement for the Development of Society from 1991 to 2001 and President of the MNSD-Nassara from 2001 to 2009...	Prime Minister	1986
Rwanda	Sylvestre Nsanzimana Sylvestre Nsanzimana Sylvestre Nsanzimana served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 12 October 1991 to 2 April 1992.He also served as Rwanda's Foreign Minister from 1969 to 1971.-References:...	Prime Minister	1986
South Africa	Frederik Willem de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk , often known as F. W. de Klerk, is the former seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994...	President	1976
Senegal	Mame Madior Boye Mame Madior Boye Mame Madior Boye was Prime Minister of Senegal from 2001 to 2002. She was the first and so far only female holder of that position.Boye was born in Saint-Louis...	Prime Minister	1975
Seychelles	France-Albert René France-Albert René France-Albert René was the long-time socialist President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He is known by government officials and party members as "the Boss". His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A...	President	1967
Swaziland	Obed Dlamini Obed Dlamini Obed Mfanyana Dlamini was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 12 July 1989 to 25 October 1993. He is currently a member of Liqoqo , and is one of the two members in the council to have an affiliation to a political party. He is a member of the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress...	Prime Minister	1986
Tanzania	Julius Nyerere Julius Nyerere Julius Kambarage Nyerere was a Tanzanian politician who served as the first President of Tanzania and previously Tanganyika, from the country's founding in 1961 until his retirement in 1985....	President	1960
Togo	Faure Gnassingbé Faure Gnassingbé Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé has been the President of Togo since May 4, 2005. A son of President Gnassingbé Eyadéma, he was appointed to the government by his father, serving as Minister of Equipment, Mines, Posts, and Telecommunications from 2003 to 2005...	President	2001
	Yawovi Agboyibo Yawovi Agboyibo Yawovi Madji Agboyibo is a Togolese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Togo from September 2006 to December 2007 and was National President of the Action Committee for Renewal , an opposition political party, from 1991 to 2008...	Prime Minister	1997
	Edem Kodjo Edem Kodjo Édouard Kodjovi Kodjo, better known as Edem Kodjo , is a Togolese politician and diplomat. He was Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity from 1978 to 1983; later, in Togo, he was a prominent opposition leader after the introduction of multiparty politics. He served as Prime...	Prime Minister	1972
	Joseph Kokou Koffigoh Joseph Kokou Koffigoh Joseph Kokou Koffigoh is a Togolese politician who served as Prime Minister of Togo from 27 August 1991 to 25 April 1994. Elected as Prime Minister by the opposition-dominated National Conference in 1991, Koffigoh was given full executive powers and tasked with overseeing a transition to...	Prime Minister	1990
Uganda	Apolo Nsibambi Apolo Nsibambi Apolo Robin Nsibambi is a Ugandan academic and politician who was Prime Minister of Uganda from 5 April 1999 until 24 May 2011. He was succeeded as Prime Minister by Amama Mbabazi on 24 May 2011.-Background:...	Prime Minister	1984
Zambia	Kebby Musokotwane Kebby Musokotwane Kebby Musokotwane was a politician from Zambia. He was a member of the United National Independence Party and one of the closest allies of former President Kenneth Kaunda. Musokotwane served as Prime Minister of Zambia from 24 April 1985 until 15 March 1989. He then became secretary-general of the...	Prime Minister	1979

Western Hemisphere

Country	Name	Highest Position	Year Participated
Argentina	Fernando de la Rúa Fernando de la Rúa Fernando de la Rúa is an Argentine politician. He was president of the country from December 10, 1999 to December 21, 2001 for the Alliance for Work, Justice and Education ....	President	1966
Argentina	Raúl Alfonsín Raúl Alfonsín Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín was an Argentine lawyer, politician and statesman, who served as the President of Argentina from December 10, 1983, to July 8, 1989. Alfonsín was the first democratically-elected president of Argentina following the military government known as the National Reorganization...	President	1981
Barbados	Owen Arthur Owen Arthur Owen Seymour Arthur, MP was the fifth Prime Minister of Barbados who was in office from 1994 to 2008 and is the current Leader of Opposition in Barbados. To date, he is the longest serving Barbadian Prime Minister....	Prime Minister	1988
	Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, KA is a Barbadian politician. He served as the fourth Prime Minister of Barbados from 1987 to 1994....	Prime Minister	1975
	Tom Adams John Michael Geoffrey Manningham Adams Jon Michael Geoffrey Manningham "Tom" Adams was a Barbadian politician who served as Prime Minister of Barbados from 1976 until 1985.-Personal life:...	Prime Minister	1973
Belize	Said Musa Said Musa Said Wilbert Musa is a Belizean lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Belize from August 28, 1998 to February 8, 2008.-Early life and education:Said Musa was born in San Ignacio, Cayo District, Belize...	Prime Minister	1995
Bolivia	Carlos Mesa Carlos Mesa Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert is a Bolivian politician, historian and President of Bolivia from October 17, 2003 until his resignation on June 6, 2005....	President	2002, 1979
Brazil	José Sarney José Sarney José Sarney de Araújo Costa is a Brazilian lawyer, writer and politician. He served as president of Brazil from 15 March 1985 to 15 March 1990....	President	1964
Canada	Edward Schreyer Edward Schreyer Edward Richard Schreyer , commonly known as Ed Schreyer, is a Canadian politician, diplomat, and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 22nd since Canadian Confederation....	Governor General	1978
Chile	Ricardo Lagos Ricardo Lagos Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar is a lawyer, economist and social democrat politician, who served as president of Chile from 2000 to 2006. He won the 1999-2000 presidential election by a narrow margin in a runoff over Independent Democrat Union candidate Joaquín Lavín...	President	1988
Colombia	Álvaro Uribe Álvaro Uribe Alvaro Uribe Vélez was the 58th President of Colombia, from 2002 to 2010. In August 2010 he was appointed Vice-chairman of the UN panel investigating the Gaza flotilla raid....	President	1998
	Ernesto Samper Ernesto Samper Ernesto Samper Pizano is a Colombian politician. He served as the President of Colombia from August 7, 1994 to August 7, 1998, representing the Liberal Party. He was involved in the 8000 process scandal, which takes its name from the folio number assigned to it by the chief prosecutor's office...	President	1985
	César Gaviria César Gaviria César Gaviria Trujillo is a Colombian politician and a Latin American statesman. He served as President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994, and Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1994 until 2004.-Early life:...	President	1982
	Belisario Betancur Belisario Betancur Belisario Betancur Cuartas is a Colombian statesman, who as a member of the Colombian Conservative Party was President of Colombia from 1982 to 1986.- Biographic data :...	President	1952
	Julio César Turbay Ayala Julio César Turbay Ayala Julio César Turbay Ayala was a Colombian politician, member of the Colombian Liberal Party, elected president of the Senate of Colombia and and, was president of Colombia from 1978 to 1982.- Biographic data :...	President	1977
Costa Rica	Óscar Arias Óscar Arias Óscar Arias Sánchez is a Costa Rican politician who was President of Costa Rica from 2006 to 2010. He previously served as President from 1986 to 1990 and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end civil wars then raging in several other Central American countries.He is also a...	Prime Minister	1971
Dominica	Nicholas Liverpool Nicholas Liverpool Nicholas Joseph Orville Liverpool is a Dominican politician and jurist who has served as the sixth President of Dominica since October 2, 2003....	President	1985
	Eugenia Charles Eugenia Charles Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE was Prime Minister of Dominica from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. She was Dominica's first, and to date only, female prime minister, as well as the nation's longest serving prime minister...	Prime Minister	1995
	Patrick John Patrick John Colonel Patrick Roland John was the Prime Minister of Dominica as well as the Premier of Dominica. During his premiership Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom and he became the first Prime Minister of Dominica. He was a successful trade union leader and a mayor of Roseau before...	Prime Minister	1979
Dominican Republic	Hipólito Mejía Hipólito Mejía Rafael Hipólito Mejía Domínguez is a Dominican politician and former President of the Dominican Republic...	President	1995
Dominican Republic	Salvador Jorge Blanco Salvador Jorge Blanco José Salvador Omar Jorge Blanco was a politician, lawyer and a writer. He was the 48th President of the Dominican Republic, from 1982 –1986. He was a Senator running for the PRD party...	President	1979
Ecuador	Gustavo Noboa Gustavo Noboa Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano is an Ecuadorian politician, former President of Ecuador and Vice President during Jamil Mahuad's government.- Education :...	President	1960
	Jamil Mahuad Jamil Mahuad Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt is an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician and the 51st President of Ecuador from August 10, 1998 to January 21, 2000. There was a severe economic crisis in Ecuador , which had led to a 60% cut in the armed forces budget...	President	1985
	Rosalía Arteaga Rosalía Arteaga Lupe Rosalía Arteaga Serrano de Fernández de Córdova is an Ecuadorian politician who served as the country's first female president for only two days in 1997....	President	1993
	Rodrigo Borja	President	1962
El Salvador	Armando Calderón Sol Armando Calderón Sol Armando Calderón Sol was President of El Salvador from June 1, 1994 to June 1, 1999, representing the Nationalist Republican Alliance .-Biography:Armando Calderón Sol was born in San Salvador, on June 24, 1948....	President	1986
El Salvador	Alfredo Cristiani Alfredo Cristiani Alfredo Félix Cristiani Burkard, popularly known as Alfredo Cristiani was President of El Salvador from 1989 to 1994....	President	1986
Grenada	Paul Scoon Paul Scoon Sir Paul Scoon, GCMG, GCVO, OBE was Governor General of Grenada for 14 years, from 1978 to 1992.-Biography:Sir Paul was born on 4 July 1935 in Gouyave, a town on the west coast of Grenada. He attended St. John's Anglican School and then the Grenada Boys' Secondary School...	Governor General	1972
Guyana	Hamilton Green Hamilton Green Hamilton Green was the prime minister of Guyana from 6 August 1985 to 9 October 1992, during the racial and oppressive dictatorship of the People's National Congress...	Prime Minister	1967
Guyana	Ptolemy Reid Ptolemy Reid Dr. Ptolemy Alexander Reid was a Guyanese veterinarian and politician who served as Prime Minister of Guyana from 1980 to 1984....	President	1966
Guatemala	Vinicio Cerezo Vinicio Cerezo Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo is a Guatemalan politician. He served as President of Guatemala from 14 January 1986 to 14 January 1991 and currently sits in Congress.-Career:...	President	1976
	Alfonso Portillo Alfonso Portillo Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera is a Guatemalan politician. He served as the President of the Republic of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004....	President	1992
	Álvaro Arzú Álvaro Arzú Álvaro Enrique Arzú Yrigoyen was the 32nd President of Guatemala from January 14, 1996 until January 14, 2000...	President	1982
	Ramiro de León Carpio Ramiro de León Carpio Ramiro de León Carpio was the President of Guatemala from 6 June 1993 until 14 January 1996.-Career:He studied law at the University of San Carlos and then at the Rafael Landívar University, where he ran the Sol Bolivariano newspaper...	President	1988
Haiti	Jacques-Édouard Alexis Jacques-Édouard Alexis Jacques-Édouard Alexis is a Haitian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Haiti from 1999 to 2001 and was Prime Minister for a second term from 2006 to 2008 when he was dismissed due to political fallout from food riots....	Prime Minister	1983
	Ertha Pascal-Trouillot Ertha Pascal-Trouillot Ertha Pascal-Trouillot was the provisional President of Haiti from 1990 through 1991. She was the first woman in Haitian history to hold that office.-Background:...	President	1980
	Leslie Manigat Leslie Manigat Leslie François Saint Roc Manigat was elected president of Haiti by a tightly controlled military held election in January 1988.-In education:...	President	1959
Honduras	Ricardo Maduro Ricardo Maduro Ricardo Rodolfo Maduro Joest is a former President of Honduras and Bank of Honduras chairman. Maduro graduated from The Lawrenceville School and later Stanford University...	President	1986
	Carlos Roberto Reina Carlos Roberto Reina Carlos Roberto Reina Idiáquez was a politician of the Liberal Party of Honduras, and President of Honduras from January 27, 1994 to January 27, 1998....	President	1993
	Rafael Leonardo Callejas	President	1986
	José Azcona del Hoyo José Azcona del Hoyo José Simón Azcona del Hoyo was President of Honduras from 27 January 1986 to 27 January 1990 for the Liberal Party of Honduras . He was born in La Ceiba in Honduras.-Career:...	President	1985
Jamaica	Portia Simpson-Miller Portia Simpson-Miller Portia Lucretia Simpson-Miller, ON, MP is Jamaica's Leader of the Opposition and was the country's seventh Prime Minister from 30 March 2006 to 11 September 2007...	Prime Minister	1981
Jamaica	Howard Cooke Howard Cooke Sir Howard Felix Hanlan Cooke, ON, GCMG, GCVO, CD, K.St.J was the Governor-General of Jamaica from August 1, 1991 until February 15, 2006 when he became the first governor-general to invest his own successor, Professor Kenneth Octavius Hall...	Governor General	1981
Mexico	Felipe Calderón Felipe Calderón Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa is the current President of Mexico. He assumed office on December 1, 2006, and was elected for a single six-year term through 2012...	President	1992
Paraguay	Nicanor Duarte	President	1989
Peru	Jorge Del Castillo Jorge Del Castillo Jorge Alfonso Alejandro Del Castillo Gálvez is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Peru. He is also a member and current Secretary-General of the Peruvian Aprista Party...	Prime Minister	1988
Peru	Beatriz Merino Beatriz Merino Martha Beatriz Merino Lucero was the first female Prime Minister of Peru. Merino served as Prime Minister from 23 June 2003 to 12 December 2003. Merino currently serves as the national ombudsman for Peru, a position also known as the defender of the people...	Prime Minister	1997
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Denzil Douglas Denzil Douglas Denzil Llewellyn Douglas has been Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis since July 1995. He leads the Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party. He is the longest serving Prime Minister Saint Kitts and Nevis has ever had....	Prime Minister	1990
	Simeon Daniel Simeon Daniel Dr. Simeon Daniel was born on 22nd August, 1934 at Barnes Ghaut Village in St. Thomas’ Parish, Nevis, West Indies to Joseph Daniel and Melvina Daniel, nee Archer....	Premier	1980
	Lee Moore	Premier	1972
Saint Lucia	Stephenson King Stephenson King Stephenson Toby King was the sixth Prime Minister of Saint Lucia. He represents the constituency of Castries North for the United Workers Party in the House of Assembly of Saint Lucia. King won the elections in 2006, unseating the incumbent Minister of Agriculture Ignatius Jean...	Prime Minister	1985
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	James Fitz-Allen Mitchell James Fitz-Allen Mitchell Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party . He also served as Premier of the then colony from 1972 to 1974.-Life and career:...	Prime Minister	1973
Suriname	Ronald Venetiaan Ronald Venetiaan Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan served as the 6th and 8th President of Suriname. His first term as president ran from 1991 to 1996 after which he lost in the elections to Jules Wijdenbosch...	President	1981
Suriname	Ramsewak Shankar Ramsewak Shankar Ramsewak Shankar is a Surinamese politician who was the 4th President of Suriname from 1988 to 1990. He was previously Agriculture & Fisheries Minister from 1969 to 1971.He was elected as President by the National Assembly after a parliamentary election...	President	1978
Trinidad and Tobago	George Richards George Maxwell Richards George Maxwell Richards, TC, CM is the fourth President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. A chemical engineer by training, Richards was Principal of the St. Augustine Campus of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad in 1996. He previously worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd. before...	President	1986
	Patrick Manning Patrick Manning Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was the fourth and sixth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as the former Political Leader of the People's National Movement . He served as Prime Minister from 17 December 1991 to 9 November 1995 and held that office again from 24 December 2001 until 26...	Prime Minister	1988
	Basdeo Panday Basdeo Panday Basdeo Panday was the 5th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2001 and has served as Leader of the Opposition from 1976–1977, 1978–1986, 1989–1995 and 2001–2010. He was first elected to Parliament in 1976 as the Member for Couva North. He is the former...	Prime Minister	1978
Uruguay	Tabaré Vázquez Tabaré Vázquez Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas is a former President of Uruguay. A physician by training, he is a member of the leftist Frente Amplo coalition . Vázquez was elected president on October 31, 2004, took office on March 1, 2005, and relinquished the office on March 1, 2010...	President	1993
	Washington Beltrán Washington Beltrán Washington Beltrán Mullin was a Uruguayan political figure.-Background:A journalist by profession, and son of deputy Washington Beltrán Barbat, killed in 1920 in a duel with former Colorado President José Batlle y Ordóñez, Washington Beltrán was a prominent member of the Uruguayan National ...	President	1976
	Julio María Sanguinetti	President	1984
	Luis Alberto Lacalle Luis Alberto Lacalle Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.-Background:His mother, María Hortensia de Herrera de Lacalle, was the daughter of the Blanco political leader Luis Alberto de Herrera, after whom Lacalle was named. Luis...	President	1968
Venezuela	Rafael Caldera Rafael Caldera Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez was president of Venezuela from 1969 to 1974 and again from 1994 to 1999.Caldera taught sociology and law at various universities before entering politics. He was a founding member of COPEI, Venezuela's Christian Democratic party...	President	1962
Venezuela	Luis Herrera Campins Luis Herrera Campins Luis Antonio Herrera Campins was President of Venezuela from 1979 to 1984. He was elected to one five-year term in 1978. He was a member of the COPEI party.- Early Life and career:...	President	1967