International studies - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

International Studies generally refers to the specific University Degrees and courses which are concerned with the study of ‘the major political, economic, social, cultural and sacral issues that dominate the international agenda’. The term itself can be more specifically defined as ‘the contemporary and historical understanding of global societies, cultures, languages and systems of government and of the complex relationships between them that shape the world we live in’. The terms and concepts of International Studies and International Relations are strongly related; however, International Relations focus more directly on the relationship between countries, whereas International Studies can encompass all phenomena which are globally orientated.

History

The history of the discipline of International Studies is strongly linked with the history of the study of International Relations

International relations

International relations is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations , international nongovernmental organizations , non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations...

, as described in the International Relations entry. However, the study of International Studies as a separate entity to International Relations emerged throughout the 20th century, as an increasingly complex world began to be influenced by globalisation

Globalization

Globalization refers to the increasingly global relationships of culture, people and economic activity. Most often, it refers to economics: the global distribution of the production of goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, export fees, and import...

, and a greater number of issues emerged (rather than only inter-country relations). The discipline was greatly influenced by the establishment of the International Studies Association, which was established in 1959 by a ‘group of academics and practitioners’ with the aim of ‘seeking to pursue mutual interests in world affairs through the organization of a professional association’. The establishment of the association reflected the increasing interest in global issues and reflected the need for international academic dialogue.
Throughout the later stages of the 20th century and into the 21st century, many education institutions worldwide developed International Studies degrees (both undergraduate and postgraduate). The emergence and increasing popularity of these degrees reflects the general patterns of increasing global interconnectedness and globalisation, in that education providers are becoming more aware that the discipline is becoming increasingly relevant and necessary in the context of the 21st century.
The discipline has become increasingly popular in Australia. Dr Hanson and Dr Weber of the University of Queensland state that;

‘Australia has become a highly popular destination for students wishing to undertake Coursework, Masters and PhD programs in International Relations, Peace and Conflict Studies and Development. Collectively, these inter-related fields have come to be called International Studies, and many of Australia’s universities have responded to the increasing demand for programs in this area’

In 2008, the third OCIS conference (Oceanic Conference on International Studies) was held at the University of Queensland’. The conference brought together over 200 academics, with the keynote speaker Andrew Linklater (the Woodrow Wilson Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales) noting ‘how vibrant and intellectually stimulating International Studies now is in Australia’’.
The increasing popularity of the discipline in Australia led to the International Studies Association to establish an Asia-Pacific Regional Section of the ISA at the University of Queensland in 2009’, which was seen as an ‘indication of the growth of this area’’ in Australia.

Etymology

International Studies is sometimes also known as Global Studies

Global Studies

Global studies, in its broadest definition is the academic study of political, economic, social and cultural relationships of the world. Furthermore, it can also include the study of political and cultural processes, the impacts of globalisation, markets and communications. Global Studies...

. The terms can be used interchangeably, and may be influenced by left Vs right inclinations.

Purpose/Aim of study

Many educational institutions have developed International Studies degrees and courses in order to engage students with the increasing number of issues and phenomena which have arisen in an increasingly globalised world. As such, most education providers justify the need for the degrees by relating the increasing importance of the discipline with real world situations and employment opportunities.
For example, the University of Technology Sydney states that the purpose of their International Studies degree is to ‘prepare graduates for careers and contributions in a world of social and cultural diversity being transformed by globalisation, allowing students to draw connections between global phenomena and local practices in work and life’.
Often, universities will relate the study of International studies with other industries. Monash University describes the relevance for International Studies; ‘as the world globalises and nations and economies become more integrated, it is important to understand our world and the ideas and beliefs of our neighbours and trading partners. In order to compete in the international marketplace of products, ideas and knowledge we need to understand and respect the cultures and beliefs of others.

Types of programs

At many universities, International Studies is offered in both undergraduate and postgraduate pathways. As an undergraduate degree, the discipline is most often offered as part of an Arts Degree, as either a minor or major of straight Arts Degrees or as specialist Arts Degrees. It is also often offered as a postgraduate degree as an honours or masters as a progression from the undergraduate degrees offered by the various institutions.

Types of studies

The International Studies discipline is usually offered as either as part of an arts degree or as a specialist arts degree. As such, students are able to select from a very broad range of subjects to undertake. However, some areas of study which are regularly offered include:

the political, social, economic and cultural relationships within the international system
foreign policy, diplomacy and other modes of interaction between the countries of the world
the significance of foreign societies, cultures and systems of government
the international movement of people as immigrants, refugees, workers, students, tourists and investors
the role of international organizations
the globalization of the world economy
foreign languages
history

Australia

As discussed, the study of the International Studies discipline in Australia occurs mostly within universities and generally approaches the subject as a holistic study of international affairs and phenomena.
The study is also offered in some Australian high schools. The VCE system, operating within Victoria, offers International Studies as an elective to year 12 students. The two units offered in International Studies VCE are ‘Global issues and conflicts’ and ‘International Relations’.

Canada

There are several International Studies programs in Canada that offer undergraduate and graduate degrees. The School for International Studies at Simon Fraser University, the Munk School for Global Affairs at the University of Toronto, the Balsillie School of International Affairs, Centre d'études et de recherches internationales de l'Université de Montréal, International Studies degree at the University of Regina, and the International Studies MA Program at the University of Northern British Columbia are the leading programs.

United Kingdom

International Studies is often related to or attached to the study in International Relations. At the University of Oxford, the Centre for International Studies ‘exists to promote and advance research in International Relations’. In this sense the use of the term ‘International Studies’ differs to that of the Australian use if the term in that it is tied to the discipline of International Relations, rather than addressing them as separate entities.
http://www.ids.ac.uk/go/about-us The Institute of Development Studies (IDS)] based in Sussex, is a leading global charity for international development research, teaching and communications.

United States

There exist a number of institutions which promote International Studies in the United States of America. The Centre for Strategic & International Studies is a foreign policy think tank which aims to ‘provide strategic insights and policy solutions to decision makers in government, international institutions, the private sector, and civil society’. The Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies is a research center based at Stanford University which is a ‘primary center for innovative research on major international issues and challenges’. Both institutions focus primarily on the study of international affairs and relations in relation to US foreign policy, and therefore differ to the Australian approach to International Studies. Alternatively, the graduate and undergraduate International Studies programs at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY are holistic programs that more closely follow the Australian model. Viewed 31/5/2011

Career prospects

As stated, many institutions attempt to promote their International Studies degrees by promoting the career prospects for graduates. The University of Melbourne states that graduates of its International Studies major will be ‘attractive to prospective employees in the public and private sectors including international inter-governmental and non-governmental organisations’. Similarly, RMIT University states that ‘the degree prepares you to apply your knowledge of globalisation, language and culture in international workplace settings’, such as ‘business, government and non-government organisations in a range of areas’.

The discipline is also working under a premise that employment opportunities in the field of International Studies will steadily increase with the increasing level of interconnectedness which is occurring as a result of globalisation; ‘Opportunities for positions requiring international knowledge and skills are increasing and have created a need for graduates who are highly skilled, interculturally attuned and able to think and act globally/locally, as well as being bilingual’.