Ismail as-Sadr
Encyclopedia
Ismail as-Sadr (d. 1919-1920) was a Lebanese Grand Ayatollah
(literally "sign of Allah"), a title which is used in Iran and Iraq referring to a Twelver Shi'a scholar who is a fully qualified mujtahid who asserts authority over peers and followers by virtue of sufficient study and achievement of the level of necessary competencey needed to obtain permission (ijāza) to practice ijtihad
.
Ismail as-Sadr is the grandfather of the well-known and respected Sadr
family. He is the first to be known with the last name of as-Sadr after his father Sadr ad-Din ibn Salih, whose ancestors had been from the Jabal Amel
in Lebanon
.
Ismail As-Sadr was born in Isfahan
, Iran
. He is the youngest of five brothers all of whom became scholars of Shia Islam
. He resided in Najaf
, Iraq and became the sole marja
until his death in 1338 A.H.
(ca. 1919-1920). He was survived by Muhammad Mahdi as-Sadr, Sadr ad-Din as-Sadr
(d.1954), Haydar as-Sadr
(d.1937), and a fourth son. Muhammad Mahdi is the great grandfather of Muqtada as-Sadr, Sadr ad-Din is the father of Sayyid Musa as-Sadr (d.1978?) and Haydar is the father of Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr (d.1980).
Ayatollah
Ayatollah is a high ranking title given to Usuli Twelver Shī‘ah clerics. Those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, and philosophy and usually teach in Islamic seminaries. The next lower clerical rank is Hojatoleslam wal-muslemin...
(literally "sign of Allah"), a title which is used in Iran and Iraq referring to a Twelver Shi'a scholar who is a fully qualified mujtahid who asserts authority over peers and followers by virtue of sufficient study and achievement of the level of necessary competencey needed to obtain permission (ijāza) to practice ijtihad
Ijtihad
Ijtihad is the making of a decision in Islamic law by personal effort , independently of any school of jurisprudence . as opposed to taqlid, copying or obeying without question....
.
Life and Family
SayyidSayyid
Sayyid is an honorific title, it denotes males accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husain ibn Ali, sons of the prophet's daughter Fatima Zahra and his son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib.Daughters of sayyids are given the titles Sayyida,...
Ismail as-Sadr is the grandfather of the well-known and respected Sadr
Sadr
Sadr may refer to:*Gamma Cygni, a star.*Sadr City, a neighbourhood in northeastern Baghdad.*Sadr, a family name originating in Lebanon.*Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , the government-in-exile of the Polisario Front....
family. He is the first to be known with the last name of as-Sadr after his father Sadr ad-Din ibn Salih, whose ancestors had been from the Jabal Amel
Jabal Amel
Jabal Amel or Amil is a mountainous region of Southern Lebanon.The region is named after the Banu 'Amilah, a Yemenite tribe who, along with the kindred tribes of Hamadan, Lakhm, and Judham, settled in Syria, Palestine, parts of Jordan, and Lebanon. The area was known in ancient times as Jabal...
in Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
.
Ismail As-Sadr was born in Isfahan
Isfahan (city)
Isfahan , historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about 340 km south of Tehran. It has a population of 1,583,609, Iran's third largest city after Tehran and Mashhad...
, Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. He is the youngest of five brothers all of whom became scholars of Shia Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
. He resided in Najaf
Najaf
Najaf is a city in Iraq about 160 km south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2008 is 560,000 people. It is the capital of Najaf Governorate...
, Iraq and became the sole marja
Marja
Marja , also known as a marja-i taqlid or marja dini , literally means "Source to Imitate/Follow" or "Religious Reference"...
until his death in 1338 A.H.
Hijri year
The Hijri year is year numbering system used in the Islamic calendar. It commemorates the Hijra , or emigration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622 CE. In Arabic, AH is symbolized by the letter هـ...
(ca. 1919-1920). He was survived by Muhammad Mahdi as-Sadr, Sadr ad-Din as-Sadr
Sadr al-Din Sadr
Sadr al-Din Sadr was the father of Imam Moussa as-Sadr and the grandson of the Grand Ayatollah Sadr-eddine bin Saleh after whom the Sadr family of well known scholars of Twelver Shi'a Islam has been named....
(d.1954), Haydar as-Sadr
Haydar al-Sadr
Ayatollah Haydar al-Sadr was born in Samarra, Iraq. His father, Ismail as-Sadr was a Grand Ayatollah and the first to be use the as-Sadr surname, which came to be associated with a long line of religious scholarship within Shia Islam...
(d.1937), and a fourth son. Muhammad Mahdi is the great grandfather of Muqtada as-Sadr, Sadr ad-Din is the father of Sayyid Musa as-Sadr (d.1978?) and Haydar is the father of Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr (d.1980).
See also
- Haydar al-SadrHaydar al-SadrAyatollah Haydar al-Sadr was born in Samarra, Iraq. His father, Ismail as-Sadr was a Grand Ayatollah and the first to be use the as-Sadr surname, which came to be associated with a long line of religious scholarship within Shia Islam...
- Sadr al-Din al-Sadr
- Musa al-SadrMusa al-SadrFor the Twelver Shī‘ah Imām, see Mūsá al-KāżimMūsá aṣ-Ṣadr , also Musā-ye Sader and Moussa Sadr), was an Iranian-Lebanese philosopher and Shī‘ah religious leader who disappeared in August 1978...
- Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr
- Muhammad Sadiq al-Sadr
- Muhammad Muhammad Sadiq al-SadrMohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-SadrGrand Ayatollah Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr , often referred to as Muhammad Sadiq as-Sadr which is his father's name, was a prominent Iraqi Twelver Shi'a cleric of the rank of Grand Ayatollah. He called for government reform and the release of detained Shi'a leaders...
- List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam