Isotopes of tungsten - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Naturally occurring tungsten
Tungsten
Tungsten , also known as wolfram , is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74.A hard, rare metal under standard conditions when uncombined, tungsten is found naturally on Earth only in chemical compounds. It was identified as a new element in 1781, and first isolated as...

(W) consists of four stable

Stable isotope

Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that may or may not be radioactive, but if radioactive, have half-lives too long to be measured.Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are energetically stable to any kind of decay save proton decay, in theory...

isotope

Isotope

Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...

s (¹⁸²W, ¹⁸³W, ¹⁸⁴W, and ¹⁸⁶W) and one isotope, ¹⁸⁰W, with an extremely long half-life

Half-life

Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...

of 1.8 ± 0.2 Ea (10¹⁸ years). On average, two alpha decay

Alpha decay

Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less...

s of ¹⁸⁰W occur per gram of natural tungsten per year.

33 artificial radioisotopes of tungsten have been characterized with mass numbers ranging from 157 to 194, the most stable of which are ¹⁸¹W with a half-life

Half-life

of 121.2 days, ¹⁸⁵W with a half-life of 75.1 days, ¹⁸⁸W with a half-life of 69.4 days and ¹⁷⁸W with a half-life of 21.6 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than 24 hours, and most of these have half-lives that are less than 8 minutes. Tungsten also has 11 meta states with mass numbers of 158, 179, with 3, 180, with 2, 183, 185, 186, with 2, and 190, the most stable being ^179m1W (t_½ 6.4 minutes).

Standard atomic mass: 183.84(1) u

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... )	N(n Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... )	isotopic mass (u)	half-lifeBold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)	decay mode(s)Abbreviations: EC: Electron capture Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... IT: Isomeric transition Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer....	daughter isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe Age of the universe The age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang posited by the most widely accepted scientific model of cosmology. The best current estimate of the age of the universe is 13.75 ± 0.13 billion years within the Lambda-CDM concordance model... )	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy						nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹⁵⁸W	74	84	157.97456(54)#	1.37(17) ms	α Alpha decay Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less...	¹⁵⁴Hf	0+
^158mW	1889(8) keV			143(19) µs			8+
¹⁵⁹W	74	85	158.97292(43)#	8.2(7) ms	α (82%)	¹⁵⁵Hf	7/2-#
¹⁵⁹W	74	85	158.97292(43)#	8.2(7) ms	β⁺ Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a... (18%)	¹⁵⁹Ta	7/2-#
¹⁶⁰W	74	86	159.96848(22)	90(5) ms	α (87%)	¹⁵⁶Hf	0+
¹⁶⁰W	74	86	159.96848(22)	90(5) ms	β⁺ (14%)	¹⁶⁰Ta	0+
¹⁶¹W	74	87	160.96736(21)#	409(16) ms	α (73%)	¹⁵⁷Hf	7/2-#
¹⁶¹W	74	87	160.96736(21)#	409(16) ms	β⁺ (23%)	¹⁶¹Ta	7/2-#
¹⁶²W	74	88	161.963497(19)	1.36(7) s	β⁺ (53%)	¹⁶²Ta	0+
¹⁶²W	74	88	161.963497(19)	1.36(7) s	α (47%)	¹⁵⁸Hf	0+
¹⁶³W	74	89	162.96252(6)	2.8(2) s	β⁺ (59%)	¹⁶³Ta	3/2-#
¹⁶³W	74	89	162.96252(6)	2.8(2) s	α (41%)	¹⁵⁹Hf	3/2-#
¹⁶⁴W	74	90	163.958954(13)	6.3(2) s	β⁺ (97.4%)	¹⁶⁴Ta	0+
¹⁶⁴W	74	90	163.958954(13)	6.3(2) s	α (2.6%)	¹⁶⁰Hf	0+
¹⁶⁵W	74	91	164.958280(27)	5.1(5) s	β⁺ (99.8%)	¹⁶⁵Ta	3/2-#
¹⁶⁵W	74	91	164.958280(27)	5.1(5) s	α (.2%)	¹⁶¹Hf	3/2-#
¹⁶⁶W	74	92	165.955027(11)	19.2(6) s	β⁺ (99.96%)	¹⁶⁶Ta	0+
¹⁶⁶W	74	92	165.955027(11)	19.2(6) s	α (.035%)	¹⁶²Hf	0+
¹⁶⁷W	74	93	166.954816(21)	19.9(5) s	β⁺ (>99.9%)	¹⁶⁷Ta	3/2-#
¹⁶⁷W	74	93	166.954816(21)	19.9(5) s	α (<.1%)	¹⁶³Hf	3/2-#
¹⁶⁸W	74	94	167.951808(17)	51(2) s	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁶⁸Ta	0+
¹⁶⁸W	74	94	167.951808(17)	51(2) s	α (.0319%)	¹⁶⁴Hf	0+
¹⁶⁹W	74	95	168.951779(17)	76(6) s	β⁺	¹⁶⁹Ta	(5/2-)
¹⁷⁰W	74	96	169.949228(16)	2.42(4) min	β⁺(99%)	¹⁷⁰Ta	0+
¹⁷⁰W	74	96	169.949228(16)	2.42(4) min	α (1%)	¹⁶⁶Hf	0+
¹⁷¹W	74	97	170.94945(3)	2.38(4) min	β⁺	¹⁷¹Ta	(5/2-)
¹⁷²W	74	98	171.94729(3)	6.6(9) min	β⁺	¹⁷²Ta	0+
¹⁷³W	74	99	172.94769(3)	7.6(2) min	β⁺	¹⁷³Ta	5/2-
¹⁷⁴W	74	100	173.94608(3)	33.2(21) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁴Ta	0+
¹⁷⁵W	74	101	174.94672(3)	35.2(6) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁵Ta	(1/2-)
¹⁷⁶W	74	102	175.94563(3)	2.5(1) h	EC Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...	¹⁷⁶Ta	0+
¹⁷⁷W	74	103	176.94664(3)	132(2) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁷Ta	1/2-
¹⁷⁸W	74	104	177.945876(16)	21.6(3) d	EC	¹⁷⁸Ta	0+
¹⁷⁹W	74	105	178.947070(17)	37.05(16) min	β⁺	¹⁷⁹Ta	(7/2)-
^179m1W	221.926(8) keV			6.40(7) min	IT Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... (99.72%)	¹⁷⁹W	(1/2)-
^179m1W	221.926(8) keV			6.40(7) min	β⁺ (.28%)	¹⁷⁹Ta	(1/2)-
^179m2W	1631.90(8) keV			390(30) ns			(21/2+)
^179m3W	3348.45(16) keV			750(80) ns			(35/2-)
¹⁸⁰WPrimordial Primordial nuclide In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known... radionuclide Radionuclide A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma...	74	106	179.946704(4)	1.8±0.2×10¹⁸ a	α	¹⁷⁶Hf	0+	0.0012(1)
^180m1W	1529.04(3) keV			5.47(9) ms	IT	*¹⁸⁰W*	8-
^180m2W	3264.56(21) keV			2.33(19) µs			14-
¹⁸¹W	74	107	180.948197(5)	121.2(2) d	EC	¹⁸¹Ta	9/2+
¹⁸²W	74	108	181.9482042(9)	Observationally Stable Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷⁸Hf with a half-life over 170×10¹⁸ years			0+	0.2650(16)
¹⁸³W	74	109	182.9502230(9)	Observationally Stable Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷⁹Hf with a half-life over 80×10¹⁸ years			1/2-	0.1431(4)
^183mW	309.493(3) keV			5.2(3) s	IT	¹⁸³W	11/2+
¹⁸⁴W	74	110	183.9509312(9)	Observationally Stable Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁸⁰Hf with a half-life over 180×10¹⁸ years			0+	0.3064(2)
¹⁸⁵W	74	111	184.9534193(10)	75.1(3) d	β^-	¹⁸⁵Re	3/2-
^185mW	197.43(5) keV			1.597(4) min	IT	¹⁸⁵W	11/2+
¹⁸⁶W	74	112	185.9543641(19)	Observationally Stable Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁸²Hf with a half-life over 4.1×10¹⁸ years			0+	0.2843(19)
^186m1W	1517.2(6) keV			18(1) µs			(7-)
^186m2W	3542.8(21) keV			>3 ms			(16+)
¹⁸⁷W	74	113	186.9571605(19)	23.72(6) h	β^-	*¹⁸⁷Re*	3/2-
¹⁸⁸W	74	114	187.958489(4)	69.78(5) d	β^-	¹⁸⁸Re	0+
¹⁸⁹W	74	115	188.96191(21)	11.6(3) min	β^-	¹⁸⁹Re	(3/2-)
¹⁹⁰W	74	116	189.96318(18)	30.0(15) min	β^-	¹⁹⁰Re	0+
^190mW	2381(5) keV			<3.1 ms			(10-)
¹⁹¹W	74	117	190.96660(21)#	20# s [>300 ns]			3/2-#
¹⁹²W	74	118	191.96817(64)#	10# s [>300 ns]			0+

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.