Ivan Broz
Encyclopedia
Ivan Broz was a Croatian
linguist and literary historian.
where he attended primary school, then moved to primary school in Varaždin
, and gymnasium in Karlovac
, Požega
, and Zagreb
, where he graduated. In Innsbruck
he started studying theology
, but eventually abandoned it in order to study Croatian language
, history
, and geography
at the newly-established Croatian university in Zagreb. He served as a substitute teacher in Zagreb, and as a regular teacher in the upper secondary schools in Osijek
, Požega, and Zagreb. He received his PhD in 1888, attended Vatroslav Jagić
's lectures on Slavic studies in Vienna
, and set off on a fieldwork journey across Bosnia and Herzegovina
and southern Croatia, where he eventually grew ill, which was the cause of his death. Ivan Broz died in Zagreb.
he was appointed the editor of Hrvatske narodne pjesme (Croatian folk songs). In his Crtice iz hrvatske književnosti (two volumes) he gave an extensive overview of the oldest Croatian literary monuments. He authored a study on the Croatian imperative and numerous puristic articles (Filologičke sitnice). In 1889 he was appointed to make an normative guide for Croatian.
In 1892 he published his most important work, Hrvatski pravopis (Croatian Normative Guide), which was reprinted under the editorship of Dragutin Boranić's until 1916. That normative guide, strictly based on Karadžić
-Daničić's normative conception, but formed chiefly upon the normative role model of the Croatian philologist Marcel Kušar, established the Croatian standard, with most of the later Croatian normative manuals in most of the prescriptions being but mere stylisations of Broz's ground-breaking work.
Being the most moderate philologist among the Croatian "Vukovians," Broz left a deep mark in the final standardisation of Croatian
: thanks to him, there was no normative duality, which was threatened by the introduction of phonologically based spelling in Dalmatia
and Bosnia (manual by Frane Vuletić), and by the introduction of some rules from the normative standard of the Zagreb school (separate writing of the future tense, writing foreign names as in the original, avoiding voicing assimilation in most cases (podcijeniti, odčepiti, etc.), morphological forms in several cases (mladac/mladci, etc.)). He established firm ground for continuity with the older (chiefly Dubrovnik
) normative tradition and secured a painless transition to the final normative form, avoiding a controversy like that which closely followed the linguistic interventions of his contemporary Tomislav Maretić
.
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
linguist and literary historian.
Biography
Broz was born KlanjecKlanjec
Klanjec is a small town in northwestern Croatia, in the region of Hrvatsko Zagorje on the border with Slovenia. The population of Klanjec is 565, but there are 2,915 people in the municipality...
where he attended primary school, then moved to primary school in Varaždin
Varaždin
Varaždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. The total population is 47,055, with 38,746 on of the city settlement itself . The centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at...
, and gymnasium in Karlovac
Gymnasium Karlovac
Gymnasium Karlovac , sometimes historically referred to as Higher Real Gymnasium, is a gymnasium in the city of Karlovac in Croatia. Housed in a dedicated building constructed in 1863, the school considers itself to have been founded as early as 1766. At that time, Karlovac was part of the Croatian...
, Požega
Požega, Croatia
Požega is a city in western Slavonia, eastern Croatia, with a total population of 26,403 . It is the administrative center of the Požega-Slavonia County.-Geography:...
, and Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
, where he graduated. In Innsbruck
Innsbruck
- Main sights :- Buildings :*Golden Roof*Kaiserliche Hofburg *Hofkirche with the cenotaph of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor*Altes Landhaus...
he started studying theology
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
, but eventually abandoned it in order to study Croatian language
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
, history
History of Croatia
Croatia first appeared as a duchy in the 7th century and then as a kingdom in the 10th century. From the 12th century it remained a distinct state with its ruler and parliament, but it obeyed the kings and emperors of various neighboring powers, primarily Hungary and Austria. The period from the...
, and geography
Geography
Geography is the science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes...
at the newly-established Croatian university in Zagreb. He served as a substitute teacher in Zagreb, and as a regular teacher in the upper secondary schools in Osijek
Osijek
Osijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 83,496 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county...
, Požega, and Zagreb. He received his PhD in 1888, attended Vatroslav Jagić
Vatroslav Jagic
Vatroslav Jagić was a Croatian language researcher and a famous expert in Slavic languages in the second half of the 19th century.-Life:...
's lectures on Slavic studies in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, and set off on a fieldwork journey across Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
and southern Croatia, where he eventually grew ill, which was the cause of his death. Ivan Broz died in Zagreb.
Work
In 1885 in Matica hrvatskaMatica hrvatska
Matica hrvatska is one of the oldest Croatian cultural institutions, dating back to 1842. The name is somewhat idiosyncratic, best translated as "The Croatian Centre" . It is the largest publisher of Croatian language books...
he was appointed the editor of Hrvatske narodne pjesme (Croatian folk songs). In his Crtice iz hrvatske književnosti (two volumes) he gave an extensive overview of the oldest Croatian literary monuments. He authored a study on the Croatian imperative and numerous puristic articles (Filologičke sitnice). In 1889 he was appointed to make an normative guide for Croatian.
In 1892 he published his most important work, Hrvatski pravopis (Croatian Normative Guide), which was reprinted under the editorship of Dragutin Boranić's until 1916. That normative guide, strictly based on Karadžić
Vuk Stefanovic Karadžic
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić was a Serbian philolog and linguist, the major reformer of the Serbian language, and deserves, perhaps, for his collections of songs, fairy tales, and riddles to be called the father of the study of Serbian folklore. He was the author of the first Serbian dictionary...
-Daničić's normative conception, but formed chiefly upon the normative role model of the Croatian philologist Marcel Kušar, established the Croatian standard, with most of the later Croatian normative manuals in most of the prescriptions being but mere stylisations of Broz's ground-breaking work.
Being the most moderate philologist among the Croatian "Vukovians," Broz left a deep mark in the final standardisation of Croatian
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
: thanks to him, there was no normative duality, which was threatened by the introduction of phonologically based spelling in Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
and Bosnia (manual by Frane Vuletić), and by the introduction of some rules from the normative standard of the Zagreb school (separate writing of the future tense, writing foreign names as in the original, avoiding voicing assimilation in most cases (podcijeniti, odčepiti, etc.), morphological forms in several cases (mladac/mladci, etc.)). He established firm ground for continuity with the older (chiefly Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
) normative tradition and secured a painless transition to the final normative form, avoiding a controversy like that which closely followed the linguistic interventions of his contemporary Tomislav Maretić
Tomislav Maretic
Tomislav Maretić was a Croatian linguist and lexicographer.He attended primary school in Virovitica and the gymnasium in Varaždin, Požega and Zagreb...
.