Ivan Pinheiro
Encyclopedia
Ivan Martins Pinheiro is a politician in Brazil
, secretary-general (leader) of the Brazilian Communist Party
(PCB) since 2005 and a candidate in the Brazilian presidential elections in 2010
. He also ran for mayor of Rio de Janeiro in 1996.
Pinheiro was born in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of Brazil, and started his political life as a student leader at the Pedro II College, the most important college in the country. He was president of the student board and was arrested for his political activism.
In 1964, when the military instored their dictatorship, Pinheiro was admitted to Law School at the State University of Guanabara (currently UERJ). There, he joined the MR-8, then the most important urban guerrilla in Brazil, and connected to the Communist Party of Brazil
. Again he was elected as chair of the student board (Centro Acadêmico Luiz Carpenter).
After the urban guerrilla was defeated, in the early 1970s, Pinheiro changed allegiance to the Brazilian Community Party, which always condemned the armed struggle.
In 1976, hired by the Banco do Brasil
, he brought his Communist advocacy into the labor union of bank employees. In 1978, he was elected chairman of the union of bank workers of Rio de Janeiro, and became a union boss at the same time that Lula was heading the metalworkers in São Paulo
. He was elected to the Central Committee of the Party in 1982.
In 1986, he ran for Congress for PCB, but wasn't elected. The next year, he led the party into joining the CUT
union federation, which was allied with Lula and his newly founded Worker's Party. In 1989, then secretary-general of the party, Roberto Freire
, ran for president of Brazil and Pinheiro supported him. Eventually, they both supported Lula in the run-off.
In the early 1990s, after the fall of the Iron Curtain
, the PCB held a congress in which Freire and a group of Central Committee veterans had approved the self dissolution of the party. In January 1992, the remnants of PCB formed the People's Socialist Party (PPS), which increasingly moved rightwards in the political spectrum. Pinheiro then led a group of non-revisionist Communist who re-founded the PCB as a new, yet minor party, in late 1992.
In 2000 and 2004, Ivan Pinheiro ran for city counselor, but was not elected.
During the presidential elections of 2002
, Pinheiro and the PCB supported Lula, who was elected president of Brazil.
At the 13th Congress of the PCB, in 2005, in Belo Horizonte
, Ivan Pinheiro was elected secretary-general, and the party broke up with Lula. They also abandoned the goal of reunification with the PCdoB.
In 2006, the PCB supported Heloísa Helena
for president and Pinheiro ran for congress once more, but again wasn't elected.
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, secretary-general (leader) of the Brazilian Communist Party
Brazilian Communist Party
Brazilian Communist Party is the oldest political party still active in Brazil, founded in 1922, and one of the only Brazilian parties with a Stalinist orientation...
(PCB) since 2005 and a candidate in the Brazilian presidential elections in 2010
Brazilian presidential election, 2010
The Brazilian presidential election was held in 2010 with two rounds of balloting. The first round was held on October 3 along with other elections as part of the 2010 general election...
. He also ran for mayor of Rio de Janeiro in 1996.
Pinheiro was born in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of Brazil, and started his political life as a student leader at the Pedro II College, the most important college in the country. He was president of the student board and was arrested for his political activism.
In 1964, when the military instored their dictatorship, Pinheiro was admitted to Law School at the State University of Guanabara (currently UERJ). There, he joined the MR-8, then the most important urban guerrilla in Brazil, and connected to the Communist Party of Brazil
Communist Party of Brazil
The Communist Party of Brazil is a political party in Brazil. It has national reach and deep penetration in the trade union and students movements. PCdoB dispute with the Brazilian Communist Party the title of "oldest political party in Brazil"...
. Again he was elected as chair of the student board (Centro Acadêmico Luiz Carpenter).
After the urban guerrilla was defeated, in the early 1970s, Pinheiro changed allegiance to the Brazilian Community Party, which always condemned the armed struggle.
In 1976, hired by the Banco do Brasil
Banco do Brasil
Banco do Brasil S.A. is the largest Brazilian and Latin American bank by assets, and the third by market value. The bank, headquartered in Brasília, was founded in 1808 and is the oldest active bank in Brazil — and one of the oldest financial institutions in the world.Banco do Brasil is controlled...
, he brought his Communist advocacy into the labor union of bank employees. In 1978, he was elected chairman of the union of bank workers of Rio de Janeiro, and became a union boss at the same time that Lula was heading the metalworkers in São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
. He was elected to the Central Committee of the Party in 1982.
In 1986, he ran for Congress for PCB, but wasn't elected. The next year, he led the party into joining the CUT
Cut
Cut may refer to:* The act of cutting, the separation of an object into two through acutely directed force-Mathematics:* Cut * Branch cut, a concept in complex analysis* Dedekind cut, a partition of rational numbers* Cut-elimination theorem...
union federation, which was allied with Lula and his newly founded Worker's Party. In 1989, then secretary-general of the party, Roberto Freire
Roberto Freire
Roberto João Pereira Freire is a Brazilian politician. He is president of the Socialist People's Party and federal deputy from Pernambuco.-References:...
, ran for president of Brazil and Pinheiro supported him. Eventually, they both supported Lula in the run-off.
In the early 1990s, after the fall of the Iron Curtain
Iron Curtain
The concept of the Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological fighting and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1989...
, the PCB held a congress in which Freire and a group of Central Committee veterans had approved the self dissolution of the party. In January 1992, the remnants of PCB formed the People's Socialist Party (PPS), which increasingly moved rightwards in the political spectrum. Pinheiro then led a group of non-revisionist Communist who re-founded the PCB as a new, yet minor party, in late 1992.
In 2000 and 2004, Ivan Pinheiro ran for city counselor, but was not elected.
During the presidential elections of 2002
Brazilian general election, 2002
Lula's Worker's Party won the most seats in the Parliamentary elections, though failed to gain an outright majority as they won only 91 of the 513 seats.-Results:...
, Pinheiro and the PCB supported Lula, who was elected president of Brazil.
At the 13th Congress of the PCB, in 2005, in Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte is the capital of and largest city in the state of Minas Gerais, located in the southeastern region of Brazil. It is the third largest metropolitan area in the country...
, Ivan Pinheiro was elected secretary-general, and the party broke up with Lula. They also abandoned the goal of reunification with the PCdoB.
In 2006, the PCB supported Heloísa Helena
Heloísa Helena (politician)
Heloísa Helena Lima de Moraes Carvalho is a left-wing politician in Brazil.-Career:A trained nurse, Helena helped founding the Center of Health at the Federal University of Alagoas. She was also involved in the student movements against the military dictatorship...
for president and Pinheiro ran for congress once more, but again wasn't elected.