Ivan Sergeyevich Kuznetsov
Encyclopedia
Ivan Sergeyevich Kuznetsov (May 27, 1867June 3, 1942) was a Russian architect
primarily known for his pre-1917 works in Moscow
, Moscow suburbs, and Vichuga
. Born into a working-class family, Kuznetsov independently broke into the elite architecture society of Moscow. He worked in many different styles, but was most successful in Neoclassical architecture
and Russian Revival
. He excelled in industrial architecture, and designed more than 600 buildings through the commissions of Nikolay Vtorov
. Kuznetsov remained in high demand during the Soviet period.
. In 1884, Kuznetsov was accepted to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture
, and completed his schooling in 1889 with a Big Silver Medal, granting him the right to oversee construction work. From 1887 to 1895, he was assistant to Fyodor Schechtel
, and from 1889 he was working for the Department of Empress Maria (charitable branch of the Imperial government). From 1895 to 1900, Kuznetsov continued his studies in the Imperial Academy of Arts
. He studied in Europe
, and received the degree of an artist-architect.
In the 1890s he designed factories, and civic buildings in the Ivanovo Oblast
for the Krasilshikov family in Vichuga
. In Moscow, Kuznetsov became close to merchant families Bayev and Medvednikov. Among the major early constructions of Kuznetsov was the Medvednikov grammar school in Moscow, which became a model for public buildings in the Art Nouveau
style. Then, in the first half of the 1900s, Kuznetsov restored the frescoes and decoration in Assumption Cathedral of Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery
, as well as in the Epiphany Cathedral at Elokhovo
.
Kuznetsov was a prominent member of the Kadet party and member of Moscow Duma.
In 1905-1907, Kuznetsov built his most known building - nowadays hidden behind facades of newer buildings on Tverskaya Street
- Savvinskoye Podvorie (Metochion
) . This was his first and very successful work with Abramtsevo maiolica
workshop ; Abramtsevo’s tiles define the entire look of this building. Cooperation with Abramtsevo continued through 1908-1910, when, by the commission of Ivan Kokorev, Kuznetsov built Voznesenski Temple in Tesino near Vichuga
, usually called Red Church . Kuznetsov also built temples and monastic housing in Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery
. Later in Moscow, by commission from Nikolay Vtorov
, Kuznetsov built a large business complex – “Delovoy Dvor” – in the strict neoclassical style.
In the years of World War I
Kuznetsov remained one of the most popular architects working on the defense contracts. He built weapons factories for Vtorov and Mikhelson in Moscow
, Serpukhov
, Zatishye (Elektrostal
), Bogorodsk (Noginsk
).
Kuznetsov in Soviet years refrained from political discussions and worked for the Soviet construction industry until his death; with his last position being the chief architect of the Sochi
resort (beginning from 1937). He died the 3rd of June, 1942, and was buried at the Vvedenskoye Cemetery in Moscow.
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
primarily known for his pre-1917 works in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, Moscow suburbs, and Vichuga
Vichuga
Vichuga is a town in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Ivanovo. Population: 53,000 .Vichuga was first mentioned as a volost in the will of Ivan the Great in 1504....
. Born into a working-class family, Kuznetsov independently broke into the elite architecture society of Moscow. He worked in many different styles, but was most successful in Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
and Russian Revival
Russian Revival
The Russian Revival style is the generic term for a number of different movements within Russian architecture that arose in second quarter of the 19th century and was an eclectic melding of pre-Peterine Russian architecture and elements of Byzantine architecture.The Russian Revival style arose...
. He excelled in industrial architecture, and designed more than 600 buildings through the commissions of Nikolay Vtorov
Nikolay Vtorov
Nikolay Alexandrovich Vtorov was a Russian businessman, notable as Russia's wealthiest man on the eve of World War I ....
. Kuznetsov remained in high demand during the Soviet period.
Biography
Kuznetsov was born on May 27, 1867, the son of a peasant-mason in Porteskoye, a settlement in Vladimir OblastVladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located east of Moscow...
. In 1884, Kuznetsov was accepted to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture
Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture
The Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture was one of the largest educational institutions in Russia. The school was formed by the 1865 merger of a private art college, established in Moscow in 1832, and the Palace School of Architecture, established in 1749 by Dmitry Ukhtomsky. By...
, and completed his schooling in 1889 with a Big Silver Medal, granting him the right to oversee construction work. From 1887 to 1895, he was assistant to Fyodor Schechtel
Fyodor Schechtel
Fyodor Osipovich Schechtel was a Russian architect, graphic artist and stage designer, the most influential and prolific master of Russian Art Nouveau and late Russian Revival....
, and from 1889 he was working for the Department of Empress Maria (charitable branch of the Imperial government). From 1895 to 1900, Kuznetsov continued his studies in the Imperial Academy of Arts
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, was founded in 1757 by Ivan Shuvalov under the name Academy of the Three Noblest Arts. Catherine the Great renamed it the Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned a new building, completed 25 years later in 1789...
. He studied in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, and received the degree of an artist-architect.
In the 1890s he designed factories, and civic buildings in the Ivanovo Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast is a federal subject of Russia .Its three largest cities are Ivanovo , Kineshma, and Shuya.The principal center of tourism is Plyos. The Volga River flows through the northern part of the oblast....
for the Krasilshikov family in Vichuga
Vichuga
Vichuga is a town in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Ivanovo. Population: 53,000 .Vichuga was first mentioned as a volost in the will of Ivan the Great in 1504....
. In Moscow, Kuznetsov became close to merchant families Bayev and Medvednikov. Among the major early constructions of Kuznetsov was the Medvednikov grammar school in Moscow, which became a model for public buildings in the Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is an international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. The name "Art Nouveau" is French for "new art"...
style. Then, in the first half of the 1900s, Kuznetsov restored the frescoes and decoration in Assumption Cathedral of Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery
Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery
Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery is a monastery for men, located 17 km northeast of Volokolamsk, Moscow Oblast. In the 15th and 16th century, it rivaled the Trinity as the most authoritative and wealthy monastery in Russia...
, as well as in the Epiphany Cathedral at Elokhovo
Elokhovo Cathedral
The Epiphany Cathedral at Yelokhovo, Moscow, is the vicarial church of the Moscow Patriarchs. The surviving building was designed and built by Yevgraph Tyurin in 1837–1845....
.
Kuznetsov was a prominent member of the Kadet party and member of Moscow Duma.
In 1905-1907, Kuznetsov built his most known building - nowadays hidden behind facades of newer buildings on Tverskaya Street
Tverskaya Street
Tverskaya Street , known as Gorky Street between 1935 and 1990, is the main and probably best-known radial street of Moscow, Russia. The street runs from the central Manege Square north-west in the direction of Saint Petersburg and terminated at the Garden Ring, giving its name to Tverskoy District...
- Savvinskoye Podvorie (Metochion
Metochion
In Eastern Orthodoxy, a metochion is an ecclesiastical embassy church, usually from one autocephalous or autonomous church to another. The term is also used to refer to a parish representation of a monastery or a patriarch....
) . This was his first and very successful work with Abramtsevo maiolica
Maiolica
Maiolica is Italian tin-glazed pottery dating from the Renaissance. It is decorated in bright colours on a white background, frequently depicting historical and legendary scenes.-Name:...
workshop ; Abramtsevo’s tiles define the entire look of this building. Cooperation with Abramtsevo continued through 1908-1910, when, by the commission of Ivan Kokorev, Kuznetsov built Voznesenski Temple in Tesino near Vichuga
Vichuga
Vichuga is a town in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Ivanovo. Population: 53,000 .Vichuga was first mentioned as a volost in the will of Ivan the Great in 1504....
, usually called Red Church . Kuznetsov also built temples and monastic housing in Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery
Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery
Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery is a monastery for men, located 17 km northeast of Volokolamsk, Moscow Oblast. In the 15th and 16th century, it rivaled the Trinity as the most authoritative and wealthy monastery in Russia...
. Later in Moscow, by commission from Nikolay Vtorov
Nikolay Vtorov
Nikolay Alexandrovich Vtorov was a Russian businessman, notable as Russia's wealthiest man on the eve of World War I ....
, Kuznetsov built a large business complex – “Delovoy Dvor” – in the strict neoclassical style.
In the years of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
Kuznetsov remained one of the most popular architects working on the defense contracts. He built weapons factories for Vtorov and Mikhelson in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, Serpukhov
Serpukhov
Serpukhov is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which is situated at the confluence of the Oka and the Nara Rivers. It is located south from Moscow on the Moscow—Simferopol highway. The Moscow—Tula railway passes through the town. Population: -History:...
, Zatishye (Elektrostal
Elektrostal
Elektrostal , known as Zatishye until 1938, is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located east of Moscow. Population: 135,000 ; 123,000 ; 97,000 ; 43,000 . Town status was granted to it in 1938.-Industry:...
), Bogorodsk (Noginsk
Noginsk
Noginsk is a town and the administrative center of Noginsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located east of the MKAD ring road on the Klyazma River. Population:...
).
Kuznetsov in Soviet years refrained from political discussions and worked for the Soviet construction industry until his death; with his last position being the chief architect of the Sochi
Sochi
Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains...
resort (beginning from 1937). He died the 3rd of June, 1942, and was buried at the Vvedenskoye Cemetery in Moscow.
Major Buildings
- 1905-1907 Savvinskoye Podvorie (MetochionMetochionIn Eastern Orthodoxy, a metochion is an ecclesiastical embassy church, usually from one autocephalous or autonomous church to another. The term is also used to refer to a parish representation of a monastery or a patriarch....
of Savvino-Storozhevsky monastery in ZvenigorodZvenigorodZvenigorod is an old town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: -History:The community has existed since the 12th century, although its first written mention is dated 1338. The town's name is based either on a personal name or on a hydronym Zvenigorod is an old town in Moscow Oblast, Russia....
) Tverskaya StreetTverskaya StreetTverskaya Street , known as Gorky Street between 1935 and 1990, is the main and probably best-known radial street of Moscow, Russia. The street runs from the central Manege Square north-west in the direction of Saint Petersburg and terminated at the Garden Ring, giving its name to Tverskoy District...
, 6, Moscow - 1909 Church of Resurrection (Red Church) in Tesino (now VichugaVichugaVichuga is a town in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Ivanovo. Population: 53,000 .Vichuga was first mentioned as a volost in the will of Ivan the Great in 1504....
) on 1st Bibliotechnaya St. - 1911-1913 Business Court complex ("Delovoy Dvor") Slavyanskaya SquareSlavyanskaya SquareSlavyanskaya Square is the square in the center of Moscow, also known in 1924-1991 as northern side of Nogina Square ; the southern side of former Nogina Square is now called Varvarka Gates Square . These two square separates central Kitai-gorod from eastward Tagansky District...
, 2, Moscow