Izium
Encyclopedia
Izyum is a city
situated on the Donets River in the Kharkiv Oblast
(province
) of eastern Ukraine
. Serving as the administrative center of the Iziumsky Raion (district
), the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located approximately 75 miles (120 km) southeast of the oblast capital, Kharkiv
.
First mentioned in 1571 in connection with the Izium Warpath
of the Crimean Tatars
, Izyum was a significant centre of the Sloboda Ukraine
and home to a regiment of Cossacks between 1688 and 1765. The delight of the visitor to the town is the five-domed Baroque cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration (1684). Its remarkable similarity to the old cathedral of Kharkov suggests the hand of the same master. The cathedral was renovated in 1902 and restored in 1955. The churches of Ascension (1819-21) and of St. Nicholas (1809-23) rank among the finest Neoclassical
buildings in the region.
During World War II
, the Red Army held a large bridgehead here, allowing for a salient that was cut off by counterattacking German forces and eliminated in one of the most expensive learning errors for the Red Army.
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
situated on the Donets River in the Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast is an oblast in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west...
(province
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
) of eastern Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. Serving as the administrative center of the Iziumsky Raion (district
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located approximately 75 miles (120 km) southeast of the oblast capital, Kharkiv
Kharkiv
Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
.
First mentioned in 1571 in connection with the Izium Warpath
Izyumsky Trail
Izyumsky Trail is a historic route used by the Crimean Tatars in the 16th and 17th centuries to penetrate into Sloboda Ukraine and then invade Muscovite Russia....
of the Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group that originally resided in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language...
, Izyum was a significant centre of the Sloboda Ukraine
Sloboda Ukraine
Sloboda Ukraine was a historical region which developed and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the southwestern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia....
and home to a regiment of Cossacks between 1688 and 1765. The delight of the visitor to the town is the five-domed Baroque cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration (1684). Its remarkable similarity to the old cathedral of Kharkov suggests the hand of the same master. The cathedral was renovated in 1902 and restored in 1955. The churches of Ascension (1819-21) and of St. Nicholas (1809-23) rank among the finest Neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
buildings in the region.
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the Red Army held a large bridgehead here, allowing for a salient that was cut off by counterattacking German forces and eliminated in one of the most expensive learning errors for the Red Army.