Jacketed vessel
Encyclopedia
In chemical engineering
, a jacketed vessel is a container that is designed for controlling the temperature
of its contents, by using a cooling or heating "jacket" around the vessel through which a cooling or heating fluid
is circulated.
A jacket is a cavity external to the vessel that permits the uniform exchange of heat between the fluid circulating in it and the walls of the vessel. There are several types of jackets, depending on the design:
Jacketed vessels can be employed as chemical reactors (to remove the elevated heat of reaction) or to reduce the viscosity
of high viscous fluids (such as tar
).
Agitation can be also used in jacketed vessels to improve the homogeneity of the fluid properties (such as temperature
or concentration
).
Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with physical science , and life sciences with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms...
, a jacketed vessel is a container that is designed for controlling the temperature
Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot...
of its contents, by using a cooling or heating "jacket" around the vessel through which a cooling or heating fluid
Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids....
is circulated.
A jacket is a cavity external to the vessel that permits the uniform exchange of heat between the fluid circulating in it and the walls of the vessel. There are several types of jackets, depending on the design:
- conventional jackets
- half-pipe coil jackets
- dimple jackets (or plate coils)
Jacketed vessels can be employed as chemical reactors (to remove the elevated heat of reaction) or to reduce the viscosity
Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity...
of high viscous fluids (such as tar
Tar
Tar is modified pitch produced primarily from the wood and roots of pine by destructive distillation under pyrolysis. Production and trade in tar was a major contributor in the economies of Northern Europe and Colonial America. Its main use was in preserving wooden vessels against rot. The largest...
).
Agitation can be also used in jacketed vessels to improve the homogeneity of the fluid properties (such as temperature
Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot...
or concentration
Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is defined as the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Four types can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration...
).