Jackie Paris
Encyclopedia
Jackie Paris was an American
jazz
singer and guitarist
.
He was born Carlo Jackie Paris in Nutley, New Jersey
to his father Carlo, and mother Rose. He had a brother Gene. A vocalist, Paris toured with Charlie Parker
. He also tap-danced from his youth and into his years in the US Army, entertaining his fellow soldiers. He is best known for his recordings of "Skylark
" and "'Round Midnight
" in the late 1940s-early fifties. Paris performed and/or recorded with Terry Gibbs
, Lionel Hampton
, Coleman Hawkins
, Dizzy Gillespie
, Donald Byrd
, Gigi Gryce
, Charles Mingus
, and others. He won many jazz polls and awards, including those of Down Beat
, Playboy, Swing Journal, and Metronome
.
A documentary, Autumn: The Search for Jackie Paris, has been made.
to an Italian-American family. His uncle Chick had been a guitarist with Paul Whiteman
's famous Orchestra.
Jackie was a very popular child entertainer in vaudeville, a pint-sized song and dance man, who shared the stage with — and was encouraged by — such legendary black headliners as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson and The Mills Brothers
.
After serving in the army during World War II, Jackie, inspired by his friend Nat King Cole
, put together a trio featuring himself on guitar and vocals. "The Jackie Paris Trio" were a smash hit at the Onyx Club
on New York's 52nd Street
. They played at the club for an unprecedented 26 weeks, perhaps the longest-running residency in the history of Swing Street.
The first song Jackie ever recorded was "Skylark", on one of two sessions made by his trio, for MGM Records in 1947. Composer Hoagy Carmichael
once said of Jackie's rendition that "the kid sings the hell out of it."
In 1949, Jackie was the first white vocalist to tour with the famous Lionel Hampton
Orchestra. He remembered an occasion when he actually did 78 consecutive one-nighters with the band. When he finally got off the road, he received an offer to join Duke Ellington
's Orchestra, but at that time was too exhausted to take it. For years after, Ellington's son Mercer
would tell him, "You're the only guy that ever turned down my old man."
Jackie was the first singer to record Thelonious Monk
's future jazz anthem "Round Midnight", which was produced by the famous critic Leonard Feather
and featured a young Dick Hyman
on piano.
Jackie was the only vocalist to ever tour as a regular member of the Charlie Parker
Quintet. Unfortunately, no recordings exist of the Parker-Paris combination (although the "Round Midnight" session mentioned above features Parker's bassist and drummer, Tommy Potter
and Roy Haynes
), but there is a classic photograph of the two working together.
In 1953, Jackie was named Best New Male Vocalist of the Year in the first ever Down Beat
Critics Poll. The winning female vocalist was Ella Fitzgerald
, who repeatedly named Jackie as one of her favorites.
Charlie Mingus named Jackie as his favorite singer, and used him on several recording sessions over a period of many decades, including 1952's "Paris In Blue" (written expressly for Jackie) and the Mingus classic "Duke Ellington's Sound of Love," on the album Changes Two
in 1974. Paris also worked extensively with the famous bassist-composer-bandleader in clubs.
Likewise, Jackie was the only singer ever endorsed by the legendary comic and 20th Century iconoclast Lenny Bruce
. Bruce not only split the bill with Jackie on many occasions, he shouted Jackie's praises to all who would listen, saying "I dig his talent. The audience loves him and he gets laughs. He is toooo muccchhh!"
Other major musicians with whom Jackie recorded include Hank Jones
, Charlie Shavers
, Joe Wilder
, Wynton Kelly
, Eddie Costa
, Coleman Hawkins
, Bobby Scott
, Max Roach
, Lee Konitz
, Donald Byrd
, Gigi Gryce
, Ralph Burns
, Tony Scott
, Neal Hefti
, Terry Gibbs
, Johnny Mandel
, Oscar Pettiford
, and many others.
Some of his best-known albums include Songs By Jackie Paris (EmArcy), Jackie Paris Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin
(Time), The Song Is Paris (Impulse!), and many others.
Jackie recorded consistently through the years, from the 1940s up to and beyond the millennium.
In 2001, Jackie played to a standing room crowd — and to a standing ovation — at New York's Birdland
, in Times Square. He was virtually the only performer to have appeared at every incarnation of the famed jazz night spot, from the legendary Birdland of the '50s up to the present.
Paris died in New York City
.
Gold Disc Award for Lucky To Be Me CD 1989
Swing Journal Magazine
Best Male Vocalist
Playboy Musicians & Critics Poll
1957-1961
New Star Male Vocalist
1953 Downbeat Critics Poll
JVC Town Hall 1987 w/ Hank Jones, piano
Newport July 6, 1957 w/ Joe Masters, piano; Joe Benjamin, bass; Jo Jones, drums
Baby Grand (NY)
Basin Street (NY)
Birdland (NY)
Cafe Bohemia (NY)
Cage Society (NY)
Composer (NY)
DownBeat (NY)
Eddie Condon's (NY)
Famous Door (NY)
Fat Tuesdays (NY)
Half Note (NY)
Maisonette (NY)
Onyx (NY)
Royal Roost (NY)
Sweet Basil (NY)
Tavern on the Green (NY)
Three Deuces (NY)
Village Vanguard (NY)
Alfonse (LA)
Carmelo's (LA)
Donte's (LA)
Jazz Bakery (LA)
Lighthouse (LA)
Pasquale's (LA)
Stables (Bos)
Scullers (Bos)
Cloisters (Chi)
Bengazi (DC)
Trumpets (NJ)
Picasso (Phili)
Jazz Workshop (SF)
Carnegie Hall (NY)
Town Hall (NY)
Civic Auditorium (Balt)
Royal Theater (Balt)
Boston Symphony Hall (Bos)
Civic Opera House (Chi)
Regal Theater (Chi)
Joe Louis Auditorium (Detr)
Paridise Theater (Detr)
Bushnell Theater (Hart)
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
singer and guitarist
Guitarist
A guitarist is a musician who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of instruments such as classical guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar while singing.- Versatility :The guitarist controls an extremely...
.
He was born Carlo Jackie Paris in Nutley, New Jersey
Nutley, New Jersey
2010 Census Data:*TOTAL: 28,370 or 100%*White: 23,405 *African American: 628 *Asian: 2,824 *American Indian and Alaska Native: 36 *Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander: 4...
to his father Carlo, and mother Rose. He had a brother Gene. A vocalist, Paris toured with Charlie Parker
Charlie Parker
Charles Parker, Jr. , famously called Bird or Yardbird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer....
. He also tap-danced from his youth and into his years in the US Army, entertaining his fellow soldiers. He is best known for his recordings of "Skylark
Skylark (song)
"Skylark" is an American popular song with lyrics by Johnny Mercer and music by Hoagy Carmichael, published in 1941. Mercer said that he struggled for a year after he got the music from Carmichael before he could get the lyrics right....
" and "'Round Midnight
'Round Midnight (song)
Round Midnight" is a 1944 jazz standard by pianist Thelonious Monk. Jazz artists Cootie Williams, Dizzy Gillespie, Art Pepper, and Miles Davis have further embellished the song, with songwriter Bernie Hanighen adding lyrics...
" in the late 1940s-early fifties. Paris performed and/or recorded with Terry Gibbs
Terry Gibbs
Terry Gibbs is an American jazz vibraphonist and band leader.He has performed and/or recorded with Tommy Dorsey, Chubby Jackson, Buddy Rich, Woody Herman, Benny Goodman, Louie Bellson, Charlie Shavers, Mel Tormé, Buddy DeFranco, and others...
, Lionel Hampton
Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton was an American jazz vibraphonist, pianist, percussionist, bandleader and actor. Like Red Norvo, he was one of the first jazz vibraphone players. Hampton ranks among the great names in jazz history, having worked with a who's who of jazz musicians, from Benny Goodman and Buddy...
, Coleman Hawkins
Coleman Hawkins
Coleman Randolph Hawkins was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. Hawkins was one of the first prominent jazz musicians on his instrument. As Joachim E. Berendt explained, "there were some tenor players before him, but the instrument was not an acknowledged jazz horn"...
, Dizzy Gillespie
Dizzy Gillespie
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, singer, and composer dubbed "the sound of surprise".Together with Charlie Parker, he was a major figure in the development of bebop and modern jazz...
, Donald Byrd
Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II, is an American jazz and rhythm and blues trumpeter. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd is best known as one of the only bebop jazz musicians who successfully pioneered the funk and soul genres while simultaneously remaining a...
, Gigi Gryce
Gigi Gryce
Gigi Gryce was an American saxophonist, flautist, clarinetist, composer, arranger, educator, and big band bandleader.His performing career was relatively short and, in comparison to other musicians of his...
, Charles Mingus
Charles Mingus
Charles Mingus Jr. was an American jazz musician, composer, bandleader, and civil rights activist.Mingus's compositions retained the hot and soulful feel of hard bop and drew heavily from black gospel music while sometimes drawing on elements of Third stream, free jazz, and classical music...
, and others. He won many jazz polls and awards, including those of Down Beat
Down Beat
Down Beat is an American magazine devoted to "jazz, blues and beyond" to indicate its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively in previous years. The publication was established in 1934 in Chicago, Illinois...
, Playboy, Swing Journal, and Metronome
Metronome magazine
Metronome Magazine was a music-guide magazine published from the 1881 until 1961.The magazine in its early years catered for musicians in marching and then dance bands, but from the swing era, Metronome focused primarily on the genre of Jazz music appealing to fans...
.
A documentary, Autumn: The Search for Jackie Paris, has been made.
Biography
Jackie was born in Nutley, New JerseyNutley, New Jersey
2010 Census Data:*TOTAL: 28,370 or 100%*White: 23,405 *African American: 628 *Asian: 2,824 *American Indian and Alaska Native: 36 *Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander: 4...
to an Italian-American family. His uncle Chick had been a guitarist with Paul Whiteman
Paul Whiteman
Paul Samuel Whiteman was an American bandleader and orchestral director.Leader of the most popular dance bands in the United States during the 1920s, Whiteman's recordings were immensely successful, and press notices often referred to him as the "King of Jazz"...
's famous Orchestra.
Jackie was a very popular child entertainer in vaudeville, a pint-sized song and dance man, who shared the stage with — and was encouraged by — such legendary black headliners as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson and The Mills Brothers
Mills Brothers
The Mills Brothers, sometimes billed as The Four Mills Brothers, were an American jazz and pop vocal quartet of the 20th century who made more than 2,000 recordings that combined sold more than 50 million copies, and garnered at least three dozen gold records...
.
After serving in the army during World War II, Jackie, inspired by his friend Nat King Cole
Nat King Cole
Nathaniel Adams Coles , known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an American musician who first came to prominence as a leading jazz pianist. Although an accomplished pianist, he owes most of his popular musical fame to his soft baritone voice, which he used to perform in big band and jazz genres...
, put together a trio featuring himself on guitar and vocals. "The Jackie Paris Trio" were a smash hit at the Onyx Club
Onyx Club (New York City)
The Onyx Club was a jazz club located on West 52d Street in New York City. Founded in 1928 by bootlegger Joe Helbock, the Onyx remained open through the 1940s and during its existence featured many of the jazz greats of the era, including Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Sarah Vaughan and Art...
on New York's 52nd Street
52nd Street (Manhattan)
52nd Street is a long one-way street traveling west to east across Midtown Manhattan.-Jazz center:The blocks of 52nd Street between Fifth Avenue and Seventh Avenue were renowned in the mid-20th century for the abundance of jazz clubs and lively street life...
. They played at the club for an unprecedented 26 weeks, perhaps the longest-running residency in the history of Swing Street.
The first song Jackie ever recorded was "Skylark", on one of two sessions made by his trio, for MGM Records in 1947. Composer Hoagy Carmichael
Hoagy Carmichael
Howard Hoagland "Hoagy" Carmichael was an American composer, pianist, singer, actor, and bandleader. He is best known for writing "Stardust", "Georgia On My Mind", "The Nearness of You", and "Heart and Soul", four of the most-recorded American songs of all time.Alec Wilder, in his study of the...
once said of Jackie's rendition that "the kid sings the hell out of it."
In 1949, Jackie was the first white vocalist to tour with the famous Lionel Hampton
Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton was an American jazz vibraphonist, pianist, percussionist, bandleader and actor. Like Red Norvo, he was one of the first jazz vibraphone players. Hampton ranks among the great names in jazz history, having worked with a who's who of jazz musicians, from Benny Goodman and Buddy...
Orchestra. He remembered an occasion when he actually did 78 consecutive one-nighters with the band. When he finally got off the road, he received an offer to join Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and big band leader. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions...
's Orchestra, but at that time was too exhausted to take it. For years after, Ellington's son Mercer
Mercer Ellington
Mercer Kennedy Ellington was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and arranger.Ellington was born in Washington, DC, the son of famous composer, pianist, and bandleader Duke Ellington...
would tell him, "You're the only guy that ever turned down my old man."
Jackie was the first singer to record Thelonious Monk
Thelonious Monk
Thelonious Sphere Monk was an American jazz pianist and composer considered "one of the giants of American music". Monk had a unique improvisational style and made numerous contributions to the standard jazz repertoire, including "Epistrophy", "'Round Midnight", "Blue Monk", "Straight, No Chaser"...
's future jazz anthem "Round Midnight", which was produced by the famous critic Leonard Feather
Leonard Feather
Leonard Geoffrey Feather was a British-born jazz pianist, composer, and producer who was best known for his music journalism and other writing.-Biography:...
and featured a young Dick Hyman
Dick Hyman
Richard “Dick” Hyman is an American jazz pianist/keyboardist and composer, best-known for his versatility with jazz piano styles. Over a 50 year career, he has functioned as pianist, organist, arranger, music director, and, increasingly, as composer...
on piano.
Jackie was the only vocalist to ever tour as a regular member of the Charlie Parker
Charlie Parker
Charles Parker, Jr. , famously called Bird or Yardbird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer....
Quintet. Unfortunately, no recordings exist of the Parker-Paris combination (although the "Round Midnight" session mentioned above features Parker's bassist and drummer, Tommy Potter
Tommy Potter
Charles Thomas Potter, born in Philadelphia on September 21, 1918, died March 1, 1988, was a jazz double bass player.Potter is known for having been a member of Charlie Parker's "classic quintet", with Miles Davis, between 1947 and 1950; he had first played with Parker in 1944, in Billy Eckstine's...
and Roy Haynes
Roy Haynes
Roy Owen Haynes is an American jazz drummer and bandleader. Haynes is among the most recorded drummers in jazz, and in a career lasting more than 60 years has played in a wide range of styles ranging from swing and bebop to jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz...
), but there is a classic photograph of the two working together.
In 1953, Jackie was named Best New Male Vocalist of the Year in the first ever Down Beat
Down Beat
Down Beat is an American magazine devoted to "jazz, blues and beyond" to indicate its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively in previous years. The publication was established in 1934 in Chicago, Illinois...
Critics Poll. The winning female vocalist was Ella Fitzgerald
Ella Fitzgerald
Ella Jane Fitzgerald , also known as the "First Lady of Song" and "Lady Ella," was an American jazz and song vocalist...
, who repeatedly named Jackie as one of her favorites.
Charlie Mingus named Jackie as his favorite singer, and used him on several recording sessions over a period of many decades, including 1952's "Paris In Blue" (written expressly for Jackie) and the Mingus classic "Duke Ellington's Sound of Love," on the album Changes Two
Changes Two
Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus' album Changes One. Accordingly, Atlantic Records initially released the record...
in 1974. Paris also worked extensively with the famous bassist-composer-bandleader in clubs.
Likewise, Jackie was the only singer ever endorsed by the legendary comic and 20th Century iconoclast Lenny Bruce
Lenny Bruce
Leonard Alfred Schneider , better known by the stage name Lenny Bruce, was a Jewish-American comedian, social critic and satirist...
. Bruce not only split the bill with Jackie on many occasions, he shouted Jackie's praises to all who would listen, saying "I dig his talent. The audience loves him and he gets laughs. He is toooo muccchhh!"
Other major musicians with whom Jackie recorded include Hank Jones
Hank Jones
Henry "Hank" Jones was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer. Critics and musicians described Jones as eloquent, lyrical, and impeccable. In 1989, The National Endowment for the Arts honored him with the NEA Jazz Masters Award...
, Charlie Shavers
Charlie Shavers
Charles James Shavers , known as Charlie Shavers, was an American swing era jazz trumpet player who played at one time or another with Dizzy Gillespie, Roy Eldridge, Johnny Dodds, Jimmy Noone, Sidney Bechet, Midge Williams and Billie Holiday...
, Joe Wilder
Joe Wilder
Joe Wilder is an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He best known for his beautiful tone and lyrical style.Wilder was awarded the Temple University Jazz Master's Hall of Fame Award in 2006...
, Wynton Kelly
Wynton Kelly
Wynton Kelly was a Jamaican-born jazz pianist, who spent his career in the United States. He is perhaps best known for working with trumpeter Miles Davis from 1959-1962.-Biography:...
, Eddie Costa
Eddie Costa
Eddie Costa, , was an American jazz pianist and vibraphonist born in Atlas, Pennsylvania near Mount Carmel, PA in Northumberland County....
, Coleman Hawkins
Coleman Hawkins
Coleman Randolph Hawkins was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. Hawkins was one of the first prominent jazz musicians on his instrument. As Joachim E. Berendt explained, "there were some tenor players before him, but the instrument was not an acknowledged jazz horn"...
, Bobby Scott
Bobby Scott (musician)
Bobby Scott was an American musician, record producer, and songwriter.-Biography:He was born Robert William Scott in Mount Pleasant, New York, and became a pianist, vibraphonist, and singer, and could also play the accordion, cello, clarinet, and double bass...
, Max Roach
Max Roach
Maxwell Lemuel "Max" Roach was an American jazz percussionist, drummer, and composer.A pioneer of bebop, Roach went on to work in many other styles of music, and is generally considered alongside the most important drummers in history...
, Lee Konitz
Lee Konitz
Lee Konitz is an American jazz composer and alto saxophonist born in Chicago, Illinois.Generally considered one of the driving forces of Cool Jazz, Konitz has also performed successfully in bebop and avant-garde settings...
, Donald Byrd
Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II, is an American jazz and rhythm and blues trumpeter. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd is best known as one of the only bebop jazz musicians who successfully pioneered the funk and soul genres while simultaneously remaining a...
, Gigi Gryce
Gigi Gryce
Gigi Gryce was an American saxophonist, flautist, clarinetist, composer, arranger, educator, and big band bandleader.His performing career was relatively short and, in comparison to other musicians of his...
, Ralph Burns
Ralph Burns
Ralph Burns was an American songwriter, bandleader, composer, conductor, arranger and bebop pianist.-Early life:...
, Tony Scott
Tony Scott
Anthony D. L. "Tony" Scott is an English film director. His films include Top Gun, Beverly Hills Cop II, The Last Boy Scout, True Romance, Crimson Tide, Enemy of the State, Spy Game, Man on Fire, Déjà Vu, The Taking of Pelham 123, and Unstoppable...
, Neal Hefti
Neal Hefti
Neal Hefti was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, tune writer, and arranger. He was perhaps best known for composing the theme music for the Batman television series of the 1960s, and for scoring the 1968 film The Odd Couple and the subsequent TV series of the same name.He began arranging...
, Terry Gibbs
Terry Gibbs
Terry Gibbs is an American jazz vibraphonist and band leader.He has performed and/or recorded with Tommy Dorsey, Chubby Jackson, Buddy Rich, Woody Herman, Benny Goodman, Louie Bellson, Charlie Shavers, Mel Tormé, Buddy DeFranco, and others...
, Johnny Mandel
Johnny Mandel
Johnny Mandel is an American composer and arranger of popular songs, film music and jazz. Among the musicians he has worked with are Count Basie, Frank Sinatra, Peggy Lee, Anita O'Day, Barbra Streisand, and Shirley Horn.-Life:...
, Oscar Pettiford
Oscar Pettiford
Oscar Pettiford was an American jazz double bassist, cellist and composer known particularly for his pioneering work in bebop.-Biography:...
, and many others.
Some of his best-known albums include Songs By Jackie Paris (EmArcy), Jackie Paris Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin
Ira Gershwin
Ira Gershwin was an American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, composer George Gershwin, to create some of the most memorable songs of the 20th century....
(Time), The Song Is Paris (Impulse!), and many others.
Jackie recorded consistently through the years, from the 1940s up to and beyond the millennium.
In 2001, Jackie played to a standing room crowd — and to a standing ovation — at New York's Birdland
Birdland (jazz club)
Birdland is a jazz club started in New York City on December 15, 1949. The original Birdland, which was located at 1678 Broadway, just north of West 52nd Street in Manhattan, was closed in 1965 due to increased rents, but it re-opened for one night in 1979...
, in Times Square. He was virtually the only performer to have appeared at every incarnation of the famed jazz night spot, from the legendary Birdland of the '50s up to the present.
Paris died in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
.
Discography
- 1956: Songs By Jackie Paris (EmArcy)
- 1957: The Jackie Paris Sound (East-West RecordsEast-West RecordsEast-West Records was a jazz record label which released 4 albums featuring a combination of American and Swedish jazz musicians..Lars Gullin's Swings was reissued in 1999 on Collectables Records, paired with his 1956 album Baritone...
) - 1960: Jackie Paris Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin (Time)
- 1962: The Song Is ParisThe Song Is ParisThe Song Is Paris is an album by American jazz vocalist and guitarist Jackie Paris recorded in 1962 for the Impulse! label.-Reception:The Allmusic review by Jason Ankeny awarded the album 4 stars stating "Because he was never a showy or self-indulgent vocalist, Paris never received the acclaim he...
(Impulse!) - 1975: Changes Two (Atlantic)
- 1988:Nobody Else But Me (Audiophile)
- 1989: Lucky To Be Me (EmArcy - Japan)
- 1990: Love Songs (EmArcy - Japan)
- 1994: Jackie Paris (Audiophile)
- 2001: The Intimate Jackie Paris (Hudson)
Awards
(selected)Gold Disc Award for Lucky To Be Me CD 1989
Swing Journal Magazine
Best Male Vocalist
Playboy Musicians & Critics Poll
1957-1961
New Star Male Vocalist
1953 Downbeat Critics Poll
Jazz Festivals
(selected)JVC Town Hall 1987 w/ Hank Jones, piano
Newport July 6, 1957 w/ Joe Masters, piano; Joe Benjamin, bass; Jo Jones, drums
Clubs
(selected)Baby Grand (NY)
Basin Street (NY)
Birdland (NY)
Cafe Bohemia (NY)
Cage Society (NY)
Composer (NY)
DownBeat (NY)
Eddie Condon's (NY)
Famous Door (NY)
Fat Tuesdays (NY)
Half Note (NY)
Maisonette (NY)
Onyx (NY)
Royal Roost (NY)
Sweet Basil (NY)
Tavern on the Green (NY)
Three Deuces (NY)
Village Vanguard (NY)
Alfonse (LA)
Carmelo's (LA)
Donte's (LA)
Jazz Bakery (LA)
Lighthouse (LA)
Pasquale's (LA)
Stables (Bos)
Scullers (Bos)
Cloisters (Chi)
Bengazi (DC)
Trumpets (NJ)
Picasso (Phili)
Jazz Workshop (SF)
Concert Halls
(selected)Carnegie Hall (NY)
Town Hall (NY)
Civic Auditorium (Balt)
Royal Theater (Balt)
Boston Symphony Hall (Bos)
Civic Opera House (Chi)
Regal Theater (Chi)
Joe Louis Auditorium (Detr)
Paridise Theater (Detr)
Bushnell Theater (Hart)