Jadgal
Encyclopedia
The Jadgal الزدجالي, جدجال is an Arab tribe origin, who are settled throughout the Sindh
, Balochistan region
of Pakistan
, and Iran
in the Sistan and Baluchistan region. They are also found in Oman
, Bahrain
, Kuwait
, Qatar
, United Arab Emirates
, Yemen
, and Iraq
. They have been referred to as al Zadjali since the time of the Islamic Empire
.
The name Jadgal applies specifically to groups that still speak the Jadgali language, in the Makkoran region of Iran and Pakistan. The Jadgali language is related to indo-aryan
, Sindhi
, Baloch
and Persian
their most commonly spoken language is Balochi
, Persian
and siraiki.
histories to the first centuries of the Muslim era (circa 7th century). They are described as sons of kings who were holding the country between Kirman and *Mansura
in Sindh
, but whether they originated from the west or the east is not stated. They all came along with other tribes like abro
.
But though the name Jadgal is now confined to the small group in Kulanch, a large portion of the Baloch
of Makkoran are certainly connected with them. Among these may be mentioned the influential Raisi group which claims connection with the Jamot
tribe. It is believed they emigrated from Arabia into Sindh
as sons of Noah, the prophet, Las Bela and acknowledges that it has been living in the country since the remotest past both inland and along the coast. Another section of the Jadgals is the Kenagzai
living at Isai in Panjgur District
, and the great Sangur tribe is also thought to be of Jadgali origin.
The Muhammad Zai clan are again an offshoot of the Sangur but now independent of the parent stock and living round Gwadar
. Other groups connected with the Jadgals are the Band of Nalent in Kulanch, the Korak of Kolwa and the Chilmar Zai Meds
of the coast.
According to some traditions, the Jadgal had a territory in the present area of Jhalawan
in central Balochistan and the cause of their migration from there was the war between them and the Brahui
s the indos
, and they are said to have had influence in that region, before the Brahui
s gained the upper hand. In Sindh the Zadjalos or the Jadgal known as Sammat, son of Noah
the prophet, and sons of Jamshed the legendary and the first king of Persia who could see in his magic cup. According to others in Iran
Shi'a, some believe they were descendants of Sam, the son of Umar
, son of Abu lahab ابي لهب, an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
, or they came from Abu Jahal عمر بن هاشم المغيرة, in Iran and other country (Kharasan) and Balochistan, they are known as Sayyed or Bano Sayyed, the title is given to those who are of Quraish origins,
the fact is, they are Bulfat tribe origins, known by the name Numeri tribe النمري. After the war with the Brahu tribes, they moved from Lasbella to Iran who gave them the name Jadgal.
Numerous tribal descendants from Thaheem
Tamim origin, the Quraish brother, both of them are sons of Adnan
son of Ismael
son of Ibrahim
the prophet.
Another theory makes them to be sons of Sames of Sophene, the founder of the Kingdom of Sophene
and the city of Samosata
, first mentioned by Eratosthenes in 245 BC. The Jadgal have titles such as Sardar
, Nawab
or king. And they use high titles like Jam, Sayyed, Mir
or Shah
as for nobility and honor.
, Dashtiari, Kunark, Sarbaaz in the Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran
. In Pakistan
, they are found in Kalarshakh, Gwadar
, Nalent, Belar, Kocha, Pasni
, Jewani, Turbat
, Kulanch, and Lasbela
districts of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. There are also a few communities in the city Karachi
.
The Jadgal, or Zadjali as they are referred to are found in the Sultanate of Oman
, and the island of Zanzibar
, in Tanzania
as a war soldieres of the sultanate of Oman empire.
The jadgal or Zadjali are from originally from saudia and the tribe of quresh who flea from Saudi presently now to Iraq and they flea with mohd ibn qassim to sindh when Hindu raja dahir was killing Muslims zadjali are orgnally from the tribe of quresh(ali zadjali from Oman)
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
, Balochistan region
Balochistan (region)
Balochistan or Baluchistan is an arid, mountainous region in the Iranian plateau in Southwest Asia; it includes part of southeastern Iran, western Pakistan, and southwestern Afghanistan. The area is named after the numerous Baloch tribes, Iranian peoples who moved into the area from the west...
of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, and Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
in the Sistan and Baluchistan region. They are also found in Oman
Oman
Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
, Bahrain
Bahrain
' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
, Kuwait
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...
, Qatar
Qatar
Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...
, United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
, Yemen
Yemen
The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
, and Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
. They have been referred to as al Zadjali since the time of the Islamic Empire
Caliphate
The term caliphate, "dominion of a caliph " , refers to the first system of government established in Islam and represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah...
.
The name Jadgal applies specifically to groups that still speak the Jadgali language, in the Makkoran region of Iran and Pakistan. The Jadgali language is related to indo-aryan
Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages constitutes a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family...
, Sindhi
Sindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...
, Baloch
Baloch people
The Baloch or Baluch are an ethnic group that belong to the larger Iranian peoples. Baluch people mainly inhabit the Balochistan region and Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast corner of the Iranian plateau in Western Asia....
and Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
their most commonly spoken language is Balochi
Balochi language
Balochi is a Northwestern Iranian language. It is the principal language of the Baloch of Balochistan, Pakistan, eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan. It is also spoken as a second language by some Brahui. It is designated as one of nine official languages of Pakistan.-Vowels:The Balochi vowel...
, Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
and siraiki.
History and origin
The terms Jadgal and al Zadjali were used interchangeably by early Arab historians of Makkoran. Their settlement in the Makkoran region is referred to in ArabArab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
histories to the first centuries of the Muslim era (circa 7th century). They are described as sons of kings who were holding the country between Kirman and *Mansura
Mansura (Brahmanabad)
Mansura was the historic capital of the Arab empire in Sindh. The city now lies in Western Pakistan and is usually known as Brahmanabad in Sindh, situated about south-east of Shahdadpur railway station, and north-east of Hyderabad.-History:...
in Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
, but whether they originated from the west or the east is not stated. They all came along with other tribes like abro
Abro
The Abro, Abra or Abrah , , is a division of the Samma tribe, found in Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab provinces of Pakistan.- Origin :...
.
But though the name Jadgal is now confined to the small group in Kulanch, a large portion of the Baloch
Baloch people
The Baloch or Baluch are an ethnic group that belong to the larger Iranian peoples. Baluch people mainly inhabit the Balochistan region and Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast corner of the Iranian plateau in Western Asia....
of Makkoran are certainly connected with them. Among these may be mentioned the influential Raisi group which claims connection with the Jamot
Jamot
The Jamot is a Sindhi speaking tribe in Balochistan provinces of Pakistan.- Clans :This tribe is mainly divided into many clans including:* Manjhoo* Abro* Airi* Jokhio* Bhangar* Kalhora* Mangrio* Samma* Ansari* Qureshi* Hanbhi- Distribution :...
tribe. It is believed they emigrated from Arabia into Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
as sons of Noah, the prophet, Las Bela and acknowledges that it has been living in the country since the remotest past both inland and along the coast. Another section of the Jadgals is the Kenagzai
Kenagzai
Kenagzai is a Baloch tribe located in the Panjgur District of Balochistan, which is the region between Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. They are considered to be a sub tribe of Jadgal tribe....
living at Isai in Panjgur District
Panjgur District
Panjgur is a district in the west of Balochistan province of Pakistan. Panjgur was one of the three tehsils of Makran District until 1 July 1977 when that district became Makran Division and Panjgur became a district...
, and the great Sangur tribe is also thought to be of Jadgali origin.
The Muhammad Zai clan are again an offshoot of the Sangur but now independent of the parent stock and living round Gwadar
Gwadar
Gwadar also known as Godar is a developing port city on the southwestern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan. It is the district headquarters of Gwadar District in Balochistan province and has a population of approximately 50,000.Gwadar is strategically located at the apex of the Arabian Sea and at the...
. Other groups connected with the Jadgals are the Band of Nalent in Kulanch, the Korak of Kolwa and the Chilmar Zai Meds
Meds
Meds is the fifth studio album by British alternative rock band Placebo, released in 2006 on Virgin Records. It was released in most countries on 13 March 2006, although it was released three days earlier in Australia and New Zealand...
of the coast.
According to some traditions, the Jadgal had a territory in the present area of Jhalawan
Jhalawan
Jhalawan was established in the 17th century and its boundary was fixed with Sindh in 1853. The country was south of Kalat State, north of the Sarawan, west of the Kachi and Sindh and east of the Kharan and Makran. Jhalawan has important valleys of Baluchistan, such as Kalat, Gidar, Baghwana,...
in central Balochistan and the cause of their migration from there was the war between them and the Brahui
Brahui people
The Brahui or Brohi are ethnic Baloch group of about 2.2 million people with the majority found in Kalat, Baluchistan, Pakistan, but they are also found in smaller numbers in neighboring Afghanistan and Iran. The Brahuis are almost entirely Sunni Muslims.-Origins:The ethnonym "Brahui" is a very...
s the indos
INDOS
INDos , is a computerised national database of Indian seafarers which is of use for quick reference by statutory authorities such as Flag State, Port State, Immigration & Employers etc., to prevent the fraudulent issue of certificates...
, and they are said to have had influence in that region, before the Brahui
Brahui people
The Brahui or Brohi are ethnic Baloch group of about 2.2 million people with the majority found in Kalat, Baluchistan, Pakistan, but they are also found in smaller numbers in neighboring Afghanistan and Iran. The Brahuis are almost entirely Sunni Muslims.-Origins:The ethnonym "Brahui" is a very...
s gained the upper hand. In Sindh the Zadjalos or the Jadgal known as Sammat, son of Noah
Noah
Noah was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the tenth and last of the antediluvian Patriarchs. The biblical story of Noah is contained in chapters 6–9 of the book of Genesis, where he saves his family and representatives of all animals from the flood by constructing an ark...
the prophet, and sons of Jamshed the legendary and the first king of Persia who could see in his magic cup. According to others in Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
Shi'a, some believe they were descendants of Sam, the son of Umar
Umar
`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c. 2 November , was a leading companion and adviser to the Islamic prophet Muhammad who later became the second Muslim Caliph after Muhammad's death....
, son of Abu lahab ابي لهب, an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
, or they came from Abu Jahal عمر بن هاشم المغيرة, in Iran and other country (Kharasan) and Balochistan, they are known as Sayyed or Bano Sayyed, the title is given to those who are of Quraish origins,
the fact is, they are Bulfat tribe origins, known by the name Numeri tribe النمري. After the war with the Brahu tribes, they moved from Lasbella to Iran who gave them the name Jadgal.
Numerous tribal descendants from Thaheem
Thaheem
The Thaheem are a Sindhi tribe of Arab origin found in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan.- Origin :...
Tamim origin, the Quraish brother, both of them are sons of Adnan
Adnan
Adnan is the traditional ancestor of the Adnani Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia, as opposed to the Qahtani of Southern and south eastern Arabia who descend from Qahtan.-Origin:...
son of Ismael
Ismaël
Ismaël is a given name or surname, and may refer to:* Ismaël Alassane , Nigerien football defender* Ismaël Bangoura , Guinean football striker* Ismaël Bouzid , Algerian football player...
son of Ibrahim
Ibrahim
Abraham is recognized in Islam as a prophet and apostle of God and patriarch of many peoples. In Muslim belief, Abraham fulfilled all the commandments and trials which God tried him with over his lifetime. As a result of his unwavering faith in God, Abraham was promised by God to be a leader to...
the prophet.
Another theory makes them to be sons of Sames of Sophene, the founder of the Kingdom of Sophene
Kingdom of Sophene
The Kingdom of Sophene was an ancient Armenian kingdom. Founded around the 3rd century BC the kingdom maintained independence until 90s BC when Tigranes the Great conquered these territories as part of his empire...
and the city of Samosata
Samosata
Samosata was an ancient city on the right bank of the Euphrates whose ruins existed at the modern city of Samsat, Adıyaman Province, Turkey until the site was flooded by the newly-constructed Atatürk Dam....
, first mentioned by Eratosthenes in 245 BC. The Jadgal have titles such as Sardar
Sardar
Sardar is a title of Indo-Aryan origin that was originally used to denote feudal princes, noblemen, and other aristocrats. It was later applied to indicate a Head of State, a Commander-in-chief, and an Army military rank...
, Nawab
Nawab
A Nawab or Nawaab is an honorific title given to Muslim rulers of princely states in South Asia. It is the Muslim equivalent of the term "maharaja" that was granted to Hindu rulers....
or king. And they use high titles like Jam, Sayyed, Mir
Mir
Mir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the...
or Shah
Shah
Shāh is the title of the ruler of certain Southwest Asian and Central Asian countries, especially Persia , and derives from the Persian word shah, meaning "king".-History:...
as for nobility and honor.
Distribution
They are found in BahuBahu
Bahu or Bahuka was a king of the Ikshvaku dynasty or the Suryavamsha . According to the Puranas, he was son of Vrika. But the Ramayana mentions him as Asita, son of Bharata. According to this text, he had two queens, one of them was Kalindi...
, Dashtiari, Kunark, Sarbaaz in the Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. In Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, they are found in Kalarshakh, Gwadar
Gwadar
Gwadar also known as Godar is a developing port city on the southwestern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan. It is the district headquarters of Gwadar District in Balochistan province and has a population of approximately 50,000.Gwadar is strategically located at the apex of the Arabian Sea and at the...
, Nalent, Belar, Kocha, Pasni
Pasni
Pasni, the Weaning Ceremony is one in hundreds of celebrations in Nepal in which a child is first fed rice. Although centuries old tradition, modern science has established the fact that child's digestive system is capable of processing solid food when they are approximately 6 months old...
, Jewani, Turbat
Turbat
Turbat is a city located in southern Balochistan, a province of Pakistan. The town is the administrative center of Kech District and Turbat Tehsil, the town itself contains one Union council.-About:...
, Kulanch, and Lasbela
Lasbela District
Lasbela is a coastal district of Balochistan province of Pakistan. It became a separate district in Kalat Division on 30 June 1954. The name is derived from the words Las which in Sanskrit signifies a settlement or lived in or lively and Bela which means "A Sea's Shore" in Sanskrit and is also the...
districts of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. There are also a few communities in the city Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
.
The Jadgal, or Zadjali as they are referred to are found in the Sultanate of Oman
Oman
Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
, and the island of Zanzibar
Zanzibar
Zanzibar ,Persian: زنگبار, from suffix bār: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin" ; is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja , and Pemba...
, in Tanzania
Tanzania
The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
as a war soldieres of the sultanate of Oman empire.
The jadgal or Zadjali are from originally from saudia and the tribe of quresh who flea from Saudi presently now to Iraq and they flea with mohd ibn qassim to sindh when Hindu raja dahir was killing Muslims zadjali are orgnally from the tribe of quresh(ali zadjali from Oman)
See also
- WadelaWadelaWadela واديلا also spell as Wadhela is the name of a Baloch tribe in Balochistan, Makran.They are simply an offshoot of the greater Mengal tribe who had to migrate westwards during the reign of Abdullah Khan of Kalat in the early 18th century...
- LasiLasiLasi is a tribe settled in Lasbela District of Balochistan, Pakistan....
- JamotJamotThe Jamot is a Sindhi speaking tribe in Balochistan provinces of Pakistan.- Clans :This tribe is mainly divided into many clans including:* Manjhoo* Abro* Airi* Jokhio* Bhangar* Kalhora* Mangrio* Samma* Ansari* Qureshi* Hanbhi- Distribution :...
- Sangur
- Numad
- ZardariZardariZardari from the Persian compound Zar + -dâri , meaning "Holder of Money" or "Wealthy", is a Sindhi speaking tribe of Baloch origin also known as Sindhi BalochHistorically Zardari tribe was settled in the province of Sindh from Balochistan. Over the years the Zardari tribe gradually lost their...
- JamJa'amJam or Ja'am means Sardar, Nawab or King). It is not a tribe, but the title given to the leading Royal family of a Jamot/Samma tribe or state.)The most famous of these rulers was Jam Nizamuddin...
- Roonjha
- LadkiLadkiLadki is a 1953 Hindi Romantic comedy film written by V.S.Venkatasalam and directed by M. V. Raman. The film starred Vyjayanthimala, Kishore Kumar, Bharat Bhushan and Anjali Devi in the lead while Chittor V. Nagaiah, Leela Mishra, Om Prakash, Raj Mehra and Master Chhotu as the ensemble cast. The...
- SabraSabraSabra may refer to:*Sabra and Shatila massacre, a 1982 massacre in Lebanon**Sabra refugee camp, former Palestinian refugee camp, part of the scene of the above massacre*Sabra , a native-born Israeli JewSABRA...
- KenagzaiKenagzaiKenagzai is a Baloch tribe located in the Panjgur District of Balochistan, which is the region between Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. They are considered to be a sub tribe of Jadgal tribe....
- Lalwani
- Burfat
- AbroAbroThe Abro, Abra or Abrah , , is a division of the Samma tribe, found in Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab provinces of Pakistan.- Origin :...
- SardarzahiSardarzahiSardarzahi refers to sardars or rulers in south Baluchistan, Bahu district. Sardarzahis were originally from Jadgal ancestry who emigrated from the Indus river area to bahu district....
or * Sadda Zai - MirMirMir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the...
- (Khanzahi) - AmiriAmiriAmiri may refer to:* Amiri, Aden Protectorate, South Arabia* Amiri decree, the decree of an Emir or his representatives* Amiri Hospital, a general hospital in Kuwait CityPeople named Amiri:* Al Amiri, Iranian philosopher...
- Muhammad Zai
- Mubaraki
- Wahandazai
- ManjothaManjothaThe Manjotha are a large Seraiki-speaking Jat clan found mainly in Dera Ghazi Khan District of Punjab, Pakistan.- History :According to their traditions, they came originally from Makran in Baluchistan. They are closely connected with the Arwal clan, and follow the customs of the neighbouring...
- Safarzai