Jadoon
Encyclopedia
The Jadoons are one of the largest Pashtun
tribes in Pakistan. They originate from Jallalabad and are now located in the southern Hazara Division
area of Khyber Pakhtoonkhuwa, Pakistan
, partly in Gadoon area in Swabi
on the southern slopes of Mahaban Mountains, and partly in Abbottabad District
and Haripur District
of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Their language is Pashto in Swabi and Hindko in Abbottabad and Haripur. They are subdivided mainly into three sub-tribes: Salar, Mansoor and Hassa'zai.
. Panni, Kakar
, Naghar
and Dawi were four sons of Daney, who was the son of Ismail, also known as Ghurghusht, the son of Qais Abdur Rashid
. They migrated from a place called Ghwara Margy, to the west of Kandahar
two or three centuries ago, to the present area of "Gadoon/Jadoon", Swabi Distt,Khyber-pukhtoonkhwa. The people of this tribe call themselves Jadoons, but Eastern Afghans who change the letter S'h into K'h and "j" into "G" style them Gadoons as the letter J and G are interchangeable in the Pushto language, just as jillani and Gillani are synonyms. They created three tribes: Parni
, Kakar
, and Naghar
(Dawi mixed with the Kakar).
s and the British in the early-19th century along with other Pashtun tribes of the region like the, Swati
, Tareens, Khaji khail, and Shilmani
. Their leader was Khan Sultan Muhammad khan Jadoon at this time. They are still the biggest land owners in the area,and the most influential.
The historians J. Forbes and John William Kaye
said the following with reference to the Jadoons who lived in the tribal areas outside the limits of British India.
Edward Connolly
said the following about the tribes of Jadoons in 1832
and Hazara borders, and southern slopes of Mahaban
, having taken their present lands in the eastern Sama
after the Jadoons and various Kashi chiefs of the Afghans had defeated the Dilazak
s, and when Jahangir
finally crushed the Dilazaks, they spread up the Dor
valley as high as Abbottabad
. Early in the 18th Century, on the expulsion of the Karlugh Turks by Syed Jalal Baba they appropriated the country about Dhamtour, and about hundred years later they took the Bagra
tract from the remaining few Dilazaks who held it, while shortly before the Sikhs took the country their Hassanzai clan deprived the Karral of a portion of the Nilan valley".
Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
tribes in Pakistan. They originate from Jallalabad and are now located in the southern Hazara Division
Hazara Division
On the dissolution of West Pakistan in 1970, Hazara District and the two tribal agencies were merged to form the new Hazara Division with its capital at Abbottabad...
area of Khyber Pakhtoonkhuwa, Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, partly in Gadoon area in Swabi
Swabi District
Swabi District is the fourth most populous district of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It lies between the Indus and Kabul Rivers. The residents are referred to as Swabva'l. The Mandanr Yusufzai subsection of the Yousafzai clan of the Pashtuns form a majority of the population.-...
on the southern slopes of Mahaban Mountains, and partly in Abbottabad District
Abbottabad District
Abbottabad is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The district covers an area of 1,969 km with the city of Abbottabad being the principal town...
and Haripur District
Haripur District
Haripur is a district in the Hazara region of Khyber-Pukhtunkhwa, province of Pakistan with an altitude of around above sea level. Haripur District has the highest Human Development Index of all the districts in the Hazara....
of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Their language is Pashto in Swabi and Hindko in Abbottabad and Haripur. They are subdivided mainly into three sub-tribes: Salar, Mansoor and Hassa'zai.
Origins
The Jadoons originated from Ashraf, also known as Jadoon (Gadoon) of the Panni clan of the Gharghasht AfghanAfghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
. Panni, Kakar
Kakar
The Kakar are a Pashtun tribe, with members living in Afghanistan and Pakistan.-Kakar :Kakar Afghan was one of the grandsons of Qais Abdur Rashid. Kakar's father's name was Dani, son of Gharghasht, who was the son of Qais in the Afghan appendix of tribes. According to Afghan and Muslim historians,...
, Naghar
Naghar
Naghar ia a small village, located in Bageshwar district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is about 25 kilometer away from its district headquarter in Haldwani–Dharamghar road. Naghar is located on the bank of Pungar river .The whole valley is known as “Pungar Valley” or “Dugpatti”. You...
and Dawi were four sons of Daney, who was the son of Ismail, also known as Ghurghusht, the son of Qais Abdur Rashid
Qais Abdur Rashid
Qais Abdur Rashid Khan , also known as Kesh, Kish, Qesh and Imraul Qais is a legendary ancestor of the Pashtun race, claimed to be the first ethnic Pashtun who travelled to Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia during the early days of Islam.) He is believed to be the 37th descendent of King Saul .He...
. They migrated from a place called Ghwara Margy, to the west of Kandahar
Kandahar
Kandahar is the second largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of about 512,200 as of 2011. It is the capital of Kandahar Province, located in the south of the country at about 1,005 m above sea level...
two or three centuries ago, to the present area of "Gadoon/Jadoon", Swabi Distt,Khyber-pukhtoonkhwa. The people of this tribe call themselves Jadoons, but Eastern Afghans who change the letter S'h into K'h and "j" into "G" style them Gadoons as the letter J and G are interchangeable in the Pushto language, just as jillani and Gillani are synonyms. They created three tribes: Parni
Parni
The Parni or Aparni were an east Iranian people of the Ochus River valley, southeast of the Caspian Sea...
, Kakar
Kakar
The Kakar are a Pashtun tribe, with members living in Afghanistan and Pakistan.-Kakar :Kakar Afghan was one of the grandsons of Qais Abdur Rashid. Kakar's father's name was Dani, son of Gharghasht, who was the son of Qais in the Afghan appendix of tribes. According to Afghan and Muslim historians,...
, and Naghar
Naghar
Naghar ia a small village, located in Bageshwar district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is about 25 kilometer away from its district headquarter in Haldwani–Dharamghar road. Naghar is located on the bank of Pungar river .The whole valley is known as “Pungar Valley” or “Dugpatti”. You...
(Dawi mixed with the Kakar).
History
The Jadoons were freedom fighters and fought against the SikhSikh
A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...
s and the British in the early-19th century along with other Pashtun tribes of the region like the, Swati
Swati (tribe)
The Swatis are a Pashtun tribe based around the Swat valley, in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They are the largest tribal group of land owners in the Mansehra and Battagram districts....
, Tareens, Khaji khail, and Shilmani
Shilmani
The Shilmani or Shalmani شلمانى are a Sarbanri Pashtun tribe who are primarily concentrated in the Shalman valley in Khyber agency near Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan, the tribe is also present in different areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan.In Pakistan, they live in Swat, Upper...
. Their leader was Khan Sultan Muhammad khan Jadoon at this time. They are still the biggest land owners in the area,and the most influential.
The historians J. Forbes and John William Kaye
John William Kaye
Sir John William Kaye was a British military historian.The son of Charles Kaye, a solicitor, he was educated at Eton College and at the Royal Military College, Addiscombe. From 1832 to 1841 he was an officer in the Bengal Artillery, afterwards spending some years in literary pursuits both in...
said the following with reference to the Jadoons who lived in the tribal areas outside the limits of British India.
Edward Connolly
Edward Connolly
Edward Tennyson Connolly was a 19th century New Zealand politician.He represented the Marlborough electorate of Picton in Parliament from 1881 to 1887, when he retired.He was the Minister of Justice 1882-84 and Attorney-General 1883-84....
said the following about the tribes of Jadoons in 1832
The Jadoons in various localities
The Jadoons occupy all of the southeastern portion of the territory between the PeshawarPeshawar
Peshawar is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the administrative center and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan....
and Hazara borders, and southern slopes of Mahaban
Mahaban
Mahaban is a town and a nagar panchayat in Mathura district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.-Geography:Mahaban is located at . It has an average elevation of 176 metres .-Demographics:...
, having taken their present lands in the eastern Sama
Sama
Sama may refer to:* A verse from the Samaveda, one of the Vedas* Sama , a part of Harstad city in northern Norway* Sama, Asturias, a parish in the municipality of Langreo in northern Spain...
after the Jadoons and various Kashi chiefs of the Afghans had defeated the Dilazak
Dilazak
The Dilazak are a Pashtun tribe of the Afghan Karlani branch, found in Pakistan and India.-History:The Dilazak descended from the Suleman Range into the valley of Peshawar during the time of the Samanid Dynasty, between 750 and 850 CE. They expelled or subdued local people of the Swati, Degan and...
s, and when Jahangir
Jahangir
Jahangir was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1605 until his death. The name Jahangir is from Persian جهانگیر,meaning "Conqueror of the World"...
finally crushed the Dilazaks, they spread up the Dor
Dor
Tel Dor , is an archeological site located on Israel's Mediterranean coast, about 30 km south of Haifa. Lying on a small headland at the north side of a protected inlet, it is identified with D-jr of Egyptian sources, Biblical Dor, and with Dor/Dora of Greek and Roman sources...
valley as high as Abbottabad
Abbottabad
Abbottabad is a city located in the Hazara region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, northeast of the capital Islamabad and east of Peshawar at an altitude of and is the capital of the Abbottabad District...
. Early in the 18th Century, on the expulsion of the Karlugh Turks by Syed Jalal Baba they appropriated the country about Dhamtour, and about hundred years later they took the Bagra
Bagra
Bagra is a village in the Jalore district in the Marwar region in Rajasthan state in India. Bagra lies 18 km south of the town of Jalore on Jalore-Sirohi road.-History:...
tract from the remaining few Dilazaks who held it, while shortly before the Sikhs took the country their Hassanzai clan deprived the Karral of a portion of the Nilan valley".
See also
- Nimat Allah al-HarawiNimat Allah al-HarawiNi'mat Allah al-Harawi is the author of a Persian language epic history of the Afghans while serving as a chronicler at the court of the Mughal Emperor Jehangir...
Author of Tarikh-i-Khan Jahani Makhzan-i-Afghani (The History of the Afghans).
Other sources
- "Tazkara Sarfaroshan e Sarhad" by Muhammad Shafi Sabir.
- "The Jadoons" by Sultan Khan Jadoon (2001).
- Sir Olaf Caroe, his book "The Pathans".
- "Tarikh-e-Khan Jahaniwa-Mukhazan-e-Afghani", by Kawaja Nimatullah Harvi,
- "Afghan" by Muhammad Asif Fitrat
- Gazetteer of Hazra District 1907
- District Census Report Hazra