Jamul, California
Encyclopedia
Jamul is a census-designated place
(CDP) in San Diego County
, California
. Jamul had a population of 6,163 at the 2010 census.
Jamul is located at 32.726557°N 116.882336°W.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Jamul census-designated place
(CDP) has a total area of 16.8 square miles (43.5 km²). 16.6 square miles (43 km²) of it is land and 0.3 square mile (0.776996433 km²) of it (1.49%) is water.
was 366.1 people per square mile (141.4/km²). The racial makeup of Jamul was 5,300 (86.0%) White, 127 (2.1%) African American, 28 (0.5%) Native American, 146 (2.4%) Asian, 10 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 294 (4.8%) from other races
, and 258 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,188 persons (19.3%).
The Census reported that 6,105 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 18 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 40 (0.6%) were institutionalized.
There were 1,906 households, out of which 727 (38.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,409 (73.9%) were opposite-sex married couples
living together, 136 (7.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 101 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 68 (3.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships
, and 28 (1.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 187 households (9.8%) were made up of individuals and 84 (4.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20. There were 1,646 families
(86.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.38.
The population was spread out with 1,396 people (22.7%) under the age of 18, 585 people (9.5%) aged 18 to 24, 1,161 people (18.8%) aged 25 to 44, 2,198 people (35.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 823 people (13.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.4 years. For every 100 females there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.
There were 1,974 housing units at an average density of 117.3 per square mile (45.3/km²), of which 1,692 (88.8%) were owner-occupied, and 214 (11.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.7%. 5,404 people (87.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 701 people (11.4%) lived in rental housing units.
of 2000, there were 5,920 people, 1,762 households, and 1,541 families residing in the CDP. The population density
was 359.9 inhabitants per square mile (138.9/km²). There were 1,789 housing units at an average density of 108.8 per square mile (42.0/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.37% White, 2.13% African American, 0.39% Native American, 3.07% Asian, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 3.63% from other races
, and 4.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.77% of the population.
There were 1,762 households out of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.7% were married couples
living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.5% were non-families. 8.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.30 and the average family size was 3.48.
In the CDP the population was spread out with 29.7% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $87,309, and the median income for a family was $89,550. Males had a median income of $60,808 versus $40,568 for females. The per capita income
for the CDP was $32,450. About 5.0% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.
in the Jamul area designated the "Jamul Indian Village," announced their intent to develop a new hotel and casino. The original plan, which required the US government to annex
81 acres (327,795.7 m²) of surrounding land to complete the project, met with strong opposition from local residents. After the annexation effort was denied, the casino plan was revised to fit the 6 acres (24,281.2 m²) reservation grounds. Despite continuing opposition from townspeople, a ceremonial groundbreaking took place on 10 December 2005.
The $200 million project is financed by Lakes Entertainment of Minnesota. The casino's original concept was to be developed according to the State of California's gambling compact
. Proponents emphasize increased revenue for the state and the tribe, as well as 2000 new jobs for all members of the community, while opponents fear strain on its police and fire services, a major impact on the local water supply, and argue that a 15-story building will permanently change the town's character. The chief concern is the increased traffic on the main road through the town, Highway 94. The proposed casino location is such that all the traffic to and from would likely pass through the middle of the town.
On Feb 7, 2003, the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs held a meeting to discuss the environmental impact report produced by the Jamul Indian Tribe in support of the casino project. Hundreds of Jamul residents showed up to express almost unanimous opposition to the casino.
On Sept 13, 2006, casino organizers held a meeting with the townspeople on site to address their concerns. The casino plan was further clarified, with an artist's conception of the proposed six story casino and 12-story hotel complex on display. A court reporter was on hand to receive comments for or against the proposal, and of the 40 who did so, three were in favor. Most of the negative comments were in regard to increased traffic on Highway 94, which narrows to a two-lane road at the proposed site of casino.
On Mar. 10, 2007, the tribe evicted three residents (not tribal members) who had been living on the Indian Village land but who opposed the casino- Karen Toggery and her son and Walter Rosales. Local Jamulians gathered to protest the evictions. The Tribe hired a local security company and "deputized" them as "Jamul Tribal Police." These guards then utilized pepper spray and metal batons on some of the protestors who trespassed onto Tribal property and refused to leave. Tribal chairman Leon Acebedo signed an agreement witnessed by local Board of Supervisors member Dianne Jacob that stipulated that the homes of the evicted would not be destroyed for at least seven days. The homes were demolished two days later, leading to considerable controversy in the community. An unrelated statement was released that same day stating that the tribal leaders no longer wished to negotiate with the state regarding the casino and were planning a casino with Class II games only- which do not include slot machines- as casinos with only Class II games are not governed by compacts with the State of California.
On October 1, 2008 the tribe sued CalTrans after months of unsuccessful negotiations. The tribe claimed their sovereignty gives them the right to use the land that they see fit. CalTrans maintained that they represent the public’s safety and that they will not approve the permits to put a stoplight in the middle of 94 unless more environmental impact studies (EIR) are performed. The tribe continued to maintain that CalTrans’ preferred, safe alternative of building a driveway off a side road, Melody Lane, was “improper meddling by the state”. In the article cited above, a member of the tribe's Executive Council, Carlene Chamberlain, stated “The Minnesota company backing the casino, Lakes Entertainment, can't get funding for design and construction until it's clear that gamblers will be able to get to the slot machines.”. As the tribe appears unable or unwilling to meet CalTrans’ requirements, this lawsuit must be won by the tribe before the casino can be built.
During Lakes Entertainment's review of their 2008 results on March 12, 2009, they indicated that the Jamul Indian Tribe and CalTrans' had reached an understanding and that the Jamul Indian Tribe had agreed to create an EIR for the revised project. Lakes indicated also that the project would be re-evaluated in light of the financial environment and would be monitored closely. Although Lakes did say they wouldn't abandon the project completely, they reduced the "fair market value" of the project by 80%. In addition, Lakes revised their estimate of when the project could be completed to 2014.
Jamul is located in the 36th Senate
District, represented by Republican
Dennis Hollingsworth
, and in the 77th and 78th Assembly
District, represented by Republicans Joel Anderson
and Shirley Horton
respectively. Federally, Jamul is located in California's 52nd congressional district
, which has a Cook PVI
of R +9 and is represented by Republican Duncan D. Hunter
.
Census-designated place
A census-designated place is a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. CDPs are delineated for each decennial census as the statistical counterparts of incorporated places such as cities, towns and villages...
(CDP) in San Diego County
San Diego County, California
San Diego County is a large county located in the southwestern corner of the US state of California. Hence, San Diego County is also located in the southwestern corner of the 48 contiguous United States. Its county seat and largest city is San Diego. Its population was about 2,813,835 in the 2000...
, California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
. Jamul had a population of 6,163 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census BureauUnited States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
Jamul is located at 32.726557°N 116.882336°W.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Jamul census-designated place
Census-designated place
A census-designated place is a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. CDPs are delineated for each decennial census as the statistical counterparts of incorporated places such as cities, towns and villages...
(CDP) has a total area of 16.8 square miles (43.5 km²). 16.6 square miles (43 km²) of it is land and 0.3 square mile (0.776996433 km²) of it (1.49%) is water.
2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Jamul had a population of 6,163. The population densityPopulation density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 366.1 people per square mile (141.4/km²). The racial makeup of Jamul was 5,300 (86.0%) White, 127 (2.1%) African American, 28 (0.5%) Native American, 146 (2.4%) Asian, 10 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 294 (4.8%) from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 258 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,188 persons (19.3%).
The Census reported that 6,105 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 18 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 40 (0.6%) were institutionalized.
There were 1,906 households, out of which 727 (38.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,409 (73.9%) were opposite-sex married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 136 (7.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 101 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 68 (3.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships
POSSLQ
POSSLQ is an abbreviation for "Persons of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters," a term coined in the late 1970s by the United States Census Bureau as part of an effort to more accurately gauge the prevalence of cohabitation in American households....
, and 28 (1.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 187 households (9.8%) were made up of individuals and 84 (4.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20. There were 1,646 families
Family (U.S. Census)
A family or family household is defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes as "a householder and one or more other people related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. They do not include same-sex married couples even if the marriage was performed in a state...
(86.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.38.
The population was spread out with 1,396 people (22.7%) under the age of 18, 585 people (9.5%) aged 18 to 24, 1,161 people (18.8%) aged 25 to 44, 2,198 people (35.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 823 people (13.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.4 years. For every 100 females there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.
There were 1,974 housing units at an average density of 117.3 per square mile (45.3/km²), of which 1,692 (88.8%) were owner-occupied, and 214 (11.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.7%. 5,404 people (87.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 701 people (11.4%) lived in rental housing units.
2000
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 5,920 people, 1,762 households, and 1,541 families residing in the CDP. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 359.9 inhabitants per square mile (138.9/km²). There were 1,789 housing units at an average density of 108.8 per square mile (42.0/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.37% White, 2.13% African American, 0.39% Native American, 3.07% Asian, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 3.63% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 4.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.77% of the population.
There were 1,762 households out of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.7% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.5% were non-families. 8.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.30 and the average family size was 3.48.
In the CDP the population was spread out with 29.7% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $87,309, and the median income for a family was $89,550. Males had a median income of $60,808 versus $40,568 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the CDP was $32,450. About 5.0% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.
Casino Controversy
In 1999, the Tipai Band of Kumeyaay Indians, with 64 members living on 6 acres (24,281.2 m²) of sovereign landTribal sovereignty
Tribal sovereignty in the United States refers to the inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States of America. The federal government recognizes tribal nations as "domestic dependent nations" and has established a number of laws attempting to...
in the Jamul area designated the "Jamul Indian Village," announced their intent to develop a new hotel and casino. The original plan, which required the US government to annex
Annexation
Annexation is the de jure incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity . Usually, it is implied that the territory and population being annexed is the smaller, more peripheral, and weaker of the two merging entities, barring physical size...
81 acres (327,795.7 m²) of surrounding land to complete the project, met with strong opposition from local residents. After the annexation effort was denied, the casino plan was revised to fit the 6 acres (24,281.2 m²) reservation grounds. Despite continuing opposition from townspeople, a ceremonial groundbreaking took place on 10 December 2005.
The $200 million project is financed by Lakes Entertainment of Minnesota. The casino's original concept was to be developed according to the State of California's gambling compact
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act is a 1988 United States federal law that establishes the jurisdictional framework that governs Indian gaming. There was no federal gaming structure before this act...
. Proponents emphasize increased revenue for the state and the tribe, as well as 2000 new jobs for all members of the community, while opponents fear strain on its police and fire services, a major impact on the local water supply, and argue that a 15-story building will permanently change the town's character. The chief concern is the increased traffic on the main road through the town, Highway 94. The proposed casino location is such that all the traffic to and from would likely pass through the middle of the town.
On Feb 7, 2003, the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs held a meeting to discuss the environmental impact report produced by the Jamul Indian Tribe in support of the casino project. Hundreds of Jamul residents showed up to express almost unanimous opposition to the casino.
On Sept 13, 2006, casino organizers held a meeting with the townspeople on site to address their concerns. The casino plan was further clarified, with an artist's conception of the proposed six story casino and 12-story hotel complex on display. A court reporter was on hand to receive comments for or against the proposal, and of the 40 who did so, three were in favor. Most of the negative comments were in regard to increased traffic on Highway 94, which narrows to a two-lane road at the proposed site of casino.
On Mar. 10, 2007, the tribe evicted three residents (not tribal members) who had been living on the Indian Village land but who opposed the casino- Karen Toggery and her son and Walter Rosales. Local Jamulians gathered to protest the evictions. The Tribe hired a local security company and "deputized" them as "Jamul Tribal Police." These guards then utilized pepper spray and metal batons on some of the protestors who trespassed onto Tribal property and refused to leave. Tribal chairman Leon Acebedo signed an agreement witnessed by local Board of Supervisors member Dianne Jacob that stipulated that the homes of the evicted would not be destroyed for at least seven days. The homes were demolished two days later, leading to considerable controversy in the community. An unrelated statement was released that same day stating that the tribal leaders no longer wished to negotiate with the state regarding the casino and were planning a casino with Class II games only- which do not include slot machines- as casinos with only Class II games are not governed by compacts with the State of California.
On October 1, 2008 the tribe sued CalTrans after months of unsuccessful negotiations. The tribe claimed their sovereignty gives them the right to use the land that they see fit. CalTrans maintained that they represent the public’s safety and that they will not approve the permits to put a stoplight in the middle of 94 unless more environmental impact studies (EIR) are performed. The tribe continued to maintain that CalTrans’ preferred, safe alternative of building a driveway off a side road, Melody Lane, was “improper meddling by the state”. In the article cited above, a member of the tribe's Executive Council, Carlene Chamberlain, stated “The Minnesota company backing the casino, Lakes Entertainment, can't get funding for design and construction until it's clear that gamblers will be able to get to the slot machines.”. As the tribe appears unable or unwilling to meet CalTrans’ requirements, this lawsuit must be won by the tribe before the casino can be built.
During Lakes Entertainment's review of their 2008 results on March 12, 2009, they indicated that the Jamul Indian Tribe and CalTrans' had reached an understanding and that the Jamul Indian Tribe had agreed to create an EIR for the revised project. Lakes indicated also that the project would be re-evaluated in light of the financial environment and would be monitored closely. Although Lakes did say they wouldn't abandon the project completely, they reduced the "fair market value" of the project by 80%. In addition, Lakes revised their estimate of when the project could be completed to 2014.
Politics
In the state legislatureCalifornia State Legislature
The California State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of California. It is a bicameral body consisting of the lower house, the California State Assembly, with 80 members, and the upper house, the California State Senate, with 40 members...
Jamul is located in the 36th Senate
California State Senate
The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. There are 40 state senators. The state legislature meets in the California State Capitol in Sacramento. The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate and may break a tied vote...
District, represented by Republican
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
Dennis Hollingsworth
Dennis Hollingsworth
Dennis Clark Hollingsworth is an American politician who represented California's 36th State Senate district, which includes portions of San Diego and Riverside County, from 2002 to 2010. In 2000, Hollingsworth was elected to the Legislature as a member of the Assembly, and in 2002, Hollingsworth...
, and in the 77th and 78th Assembly
California State Assembly
The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. There are 80 members in the Assembly, representing an approximately equal number of constituents, with each district having a population of at least 420,000...
District, represented by Republicans Joel Anderson
Joel Anderson
Joel Anderson is a California politician and Republican member of the California State Senate in the 36th Senate District. Before his election to the State Senate he was a member of the California Assembly representing the 77th Assembly District, and he also served on the Padre Dam Municipal Water...
and Shirley Horton
Shirley Horton
Shirley Horton is a U.S. politician, having served as a Republican Member of the California State Assembly. Horton represented the 78th Assembly District, which includes southern San Diego, Chula Vista, Lemon Grove and...
respectively. Federally, Jamul is located in California's 52nd congressional district
California's 52nd congressional district
California's 52nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in San Diego County. The district consists of many of San Diego's suburbs, including Lakeside, Poway, Ramona, La Mesa, and Spring Valley....
, which has a Cook PVI
Cook Partisan Voting Index
The Cook Partisan Voting Index , sometimes referred to as simply the Partisan Voting Index , is a measurement of how strongly an American congressional district or state leans toward one political party compared to the nation as a whole...
of R +9 and is represented by Republican Duncan D. Hunter
Duncan D. Hunter
Duncan Duane Hunter is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is the son of his predecessor Duncan Hunter...
.