January 6th Dictatorship
Encyclopedia
The January 6th Dictatorship (Croatian
: Šestosiječanjska diktatura, Slovenian
: Šestojanuarska diktatura, Serbian
: Шестојануарска диктатура, Šestojanuarska diktatura) was a royal dictatorship established in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by King Alexander
. It lasted from January 6, 1929 when the king prorogued parliament and assumed control of the state and ended with his assassination in Marseille
on October 9, 1934.
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
: Šestosiječanjska diktatura, Slovenian
Slovenian language
Slovene or Slovenian is a South Slavic language spoken by approximately 2.5 million speakers worldwide, the majority of whom live in Slovenia. It is the first language of about 1.85 million people and is one of the 23 official and working languages of the European Union...
: Šestojanuarska diktatura, Serbian
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
: Шестојануарска диктатура, Šestojanuarska diktatura) was a royal dictatorship established in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by King Alexander
Alexander I of Yugoslavia
Alexander I , also known as Alexander the Unifier was the first king of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia as well as the last king of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes .-Childhood:...
. It lasted from January 6, 1929 when the king prorogued parliament and assumed control of the state and ended with his assassination in Marseille
Marseille
Marseille , known in antiquity as Massalia , is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of...
on October 9, 1934.
1928
- June 20: Representative Puniša RačićPuniša RacicPuniša Račić was a Montenegrin Serb politician, a member of the Yugoslav Parliament from the People's Radical Party, who assassinated Pavle Radić and Đuro Basariček, Croatian Peasant Party representatives, mortally wounded Stjepan Radić, leader of Croatian Peasant Party at the time and wounded...
of the People's Radical PartyPeople's Radical PartyThe People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes...
shot Đuro Basariček, Pavle Radić, Ivan Pernar, Ivan Granđa and Croatian Peasant PartyCroatian Peasant PartyThe Croatian Peasant Party is a center and socially conservative political party in Croatia.-Austria-Hungary:The Croatian People's Peasant Party was formed on December 22, 1904 by Antun Radić along with his brother Stjepan Radić. The party contested elections for the first time in the Kingdom of...
leader Stjepan RadićStjepan RadicStjepan Radić was a Croatian politician and the founder of the Croatian Peasant Party in 1905. Radić is credited with galvanizing the peasantry of Croatia into a viable political force...
in the National Assembly. Basariček and Pavle Radić died at the scene, Pernar and Granđa were only wounded, and Stjepan Radić was mortally wounded. - July 28: Anton KorošecAnton KorošecAnton Korošec was a Slovenian political leader, a prominent member of the conservative People's Party, a priest and a noted orator....
of the Slovene People's PartySlovene People's Party (historical)The Slovene People's Party was a Slovenian political party in the 19th and 20th centuries, active in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Between 1907 and 1941, it was the largest and arguably the most influential political party in the Slovene Lands...
became the first non-Serb prime minister of the kingdom. - August 1: National Assembly reconvened, with representatives of the Peasant-Democrat Coalition boycotting it.
- August 8: Stjepan Radić died from wounds suffered in the attack in the assembly chambers.
- August 12: Funeral of Stjepan Radić.
- August 13: Vladko MačekVladko MacekVladko Maček was a Croatian politician active within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century. He led the Croatian Peasant Party following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, and all through World War II.- Early life :Maček was born to a Slovene-Czech family in the village...
elected president of Croatian Peasant Party.
1929
- January 6: King Alexander abolished the ConstitutionVidovdan ConstitutionThe Vidovdan Constitution was the first constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was approved by the Constitutional Assembly on June 28, 1921 despite the opposition boycotting the vote. The Constitution is named after the feast of St. Vitus , a Serbian holiday. The Constitution...
, prorogued the National Assembly and introduced a personal dictatorship. - January 7: General Petar Živković became prime minister, heading the regime's Yugoslav Radical Peasants' DemocracyYugoslav Radical Peasants' DemocracyThe Yugoslav National Party was a political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1932 and 1941...
. - January 11: State Court for the Protection of the State was established in BelgradeBelgradeBelgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
. - April 20: The Sophia Declaration was released by the Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement and the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization calling for the independence of Croatia and Macedonia.
- October 3: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was renamed to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The state was also divided into new administrative divisions called banovine.
- December 22: Vladko Maček arrested.
1930
- January 25: August Košutić and Juraj KrnjevićJuraj KrnjevicJuraj Krnjević was a Croatian politician who was among the leaders of the Croatian Peasant Party . He was the party's General Secretary since 1928 and President since 1964...
of the Croatian Peasant Party delivered a memorandum to the League of NationsLeague of NationsThe League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
outlining the struggles of the Croats in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. - June 14: Vladko Maček acquitted and released.
1931
- September 3: A new constitution was put in place to replace the one from 1921.
- November 8: Elections held in which only one electoral list, headed by General Živković is on the ballot.
1932
- September 6: Members of the Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement attempted to launch a revolution on VelebitVelebitVelebit is the largest though not the highest mountain range in Croatia. Its highest peak is the Vaganski vrh at 1757 m.The range forms a part of the Dinaric Alps and is located along the Adriatic coast, separating it from Lika in the interior...
. - November 7: Peasant-Democrat Coalition released the Zagreb PointsZagreb PointsThe Zagreb Points was the name of a resolution released on November 7, 1932, in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia which condemned Serb hegemony in that country and called for a return to political life as it was in 1918....
, which outlined the coalition's plan for a return to parliamentary democracy.
1933
- Svetozar PribićevićSvetozar PribicevicSvetozar Pribićević was an ethnic Serb politician from Croatia who worked hard for creation of unitaristic Yugoslavia. However, he later became a bitter opponent of the same policy and of the dictatorship of king Aleksandar Karađorđević...
published Diktatura kralja Aleksandra (The Dictatorship of King Alexander) in exile in PraguePraguePrague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
. - January: Sarajevo Points published by the Yugoslav Muslim OrganizationYugoslav Muslim OrganizationYugoslav Muslim Organization was a Bosnian Muslim political party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was founded in Sarajevo on February 16, 1919 and was led by Mehmed Spaho. In election campaigns the JMO did mobilize on religious slogans rather than Bosnian nationality, calling...
. The party's leader Mehmed SpahoMehmed SpahoMehmed Spaho was a prominent and influential Bosniak political figure. He was the leader of the Yugoslav Muslim Organization....
was sentenced to twenty days in jail because of the document. - January 31: Vladko MačekVladko MacekVladko Maček was a Croatian politician active within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century. He led the Croatian Peasant Party following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, and all through World War II.- Early life :Maček was born to a Slovene-Czech family in the village...
arrested in relation with the Zagreb Points. - April 29: Vladko MačekVladko MacekVladko Maček was a Croatian politician active within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century. He led the Croatian Peasant Party following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, and all through World War II.- Early life :Maček was born to a Slovene-Czech family in the village...
sentenced to three years in jail. - July 14: Josip PredavecJosip PredavecJosip Predavec was a Croatian politician, vice-president of the Croatian Peasant Party, who was killed in an assassination attempt in 1933....
, vice-president of the Croatian Peasant Party, was killed in Dugo SeloDugo Selo-Geography:Dugo Selo is a 20 km drive from Zagreb city centre.The town covers an area of 51 km² and it consists of numerous settlements. The summit of the hill Martin Breg is situated in the northern part of the town. Most neighborhoods of Dugo Selo are located on the Martin Breg...
.
1934
- February 9: Balkan PactBalkan PactThe Balkan Pact was a treaty signed by Greece, Turkey, Romania and Yugoslavia on February 9, 1934 in Athens, aimed at maintaining the geopolitical status quo in the region following World War I...
was signed by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, GreeceGreeceGreece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and TurkeyTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. - October 9: King Alexander was killed in MarseilleMarseilleMarseille , known in antiquity as Massalia , is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of...
by Vlado ChernozemskiVlado ChernozemskiVlado Chernozemski , born Velichko Dimitrov Kerin , was a Bulgarian revolutionary.Chernozemski also entered the region of Vardar Macedonia with IMRO bands and participated in more than 15 battles with the Serbian police....
of the IMRO in cooperation with Croatian UstašeUstašeThe Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement was a Croatian fascist anti-Yugoslav separatist movement. The ideology of the movement was a blend of fascism, Nazism, and Croatian nationalism. The Ustaše supported the creation of a Greater Croatia that would span to the River Drina and to the border...
. - December 22: Vladko MačekVladko MacekVladko Maček was a Croatian politician active within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century. He led the Croatian Peasant Party following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, and all through World War II.- Early life :Maček was born to a Slovene-Czech family in the village...
released from jail.
1935
- May 5: Elections were heldKingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election, 1935Elections were held for the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on May 5, 1935. Rioting among Croats and Slovenes prior to the election resulted in the death of 16 people during February 19 and 20. Prior to the elections the government obstructed the Socialist Party of Yugoslavia from...
for the first time since 1927.