Jayapala
Encyclopedia
Jayapala Janjua Shahi
, the son of Asatapala and father of Anandapal, was the first king and founder of the Hindushahi dynasty of Afghanistan and Northwest Pakistan. He succeeded the last Brahman Shahi
king Bhimadeva in about 964 CE
, and thus began the Janjua Rajput phase of Shahiya Dynasties. Epithets from the Bari Kot inscriptions record his full title as "Parambhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Paramesvara Sri Jayapala deva" the first Emperor of the Janjua Shahi phase.
both in the reign of Sebuk Tigin
and in that of his son Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna
, thereby beginning the Ghaznavid and Hindu Shahi struggles. Sebuk Tigin, however, defeated him, and he was forced to pay an indemnity. He defaulted on the payment and took the field once more. Again defeated, he lost lands all the way from Kabul
valley to the Indus River
. In 1001, soon after Mahmud came to power and was occupied with the Qarakhanids to his north, he assaulted Ghazni once more and upon suffering yet another defeat by the Ghaznavid
forces in 1001, near Peshawar
, committed himself to a funeral pyre because his subjects thought he had brought disaster and disgrace to the dynasty.
and other succeeding generations of the Shahiya dynasty took part in various unsuccessful campaigns against Ghazni, and were eventually exiled to Kashmir Siwalik Hills.
Shahi
The Shahi , Sahi, also called Shahiya dynasties ruled one of the Middle kingdoms of India which included portions of the Kabulistan and the old province of Gandhara , from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century...
, the son of Asatapala and father of Anandapal, was the first king and founder of the Hindushahi dynasty of Afghanistan and Northwest Pakistan. He succeeded the last Brahman Shahi
Shahi
The Shahi , Sahi, also called Shahiya dynasties ruled one of the Middle kingdoms of India which included portions of the Kabulistan and the old province of Gandhara , from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century...
king Bhimadeva in about 964 CE
Common Era
Common Era ,abbreviated as CE, is an alternative designation for the calendar era originally introduced by Dionysius Exiguus in the 6th century, traditionally identified with Anno Domini .Dates before the year 1 CE are indicated by the usage of BCE, short for Before the Common Era Common Era...
, and thus began the Janjua Rajput phase of Shahiya Dynasties. Epithets from the Bari Kot inscriptions record his full title as "Parambhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Paramesvara Sri Jayapala deva" the first Emperor of the Janjua Shahi phase.
Career
He is celebrated as a hero in his struggles in defending his kingdom from the Turkic rulers of Ghazni. Jayapala saw a danger in the consolidation of this new kingdom and assaulted GhaznaGhazni
For the Province of Ghazni see Ghazni ProvinceGhazni is a city in central-east Afghanistan with a population of about 141,000 people...
both in the reign of Sebuk Tigin
Sebük Tigin
Abu Mansur Sabuktigin , also spelled as Sabuktagin, Sabuktakin, Sebüktegin and Sebük Tigin, is generally regarded by historians as the founder of the Ghaznavid Empire...
and in that of his son Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna
Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud of Ghazni , actually ', was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty who ruled from 997 until his death in 1030 in the eastern Iranian lands. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazni into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which covered most of today's Iran,...
, thereby beginning the Ghaznavid and Hindu Shahi struggles. Sebuk Tigin, however, defeated him, and he was forced to pay an indemnity. He defaulted on the payment and took the field once more. Again defeated, he lost lands all the way from Kabul
Kabul
Kabul , spelt Caubul in some classic literatures, is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. It is also the capital of the Kabul Province, located in the eastern section of Afghanistan...
valley to the Indus River
Indus River
The Indus River is a major river which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through China and India.Originating in the Tibetan plateau of western China in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar in Tibet Autonomous Region, the river runs a course through the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir and...
. In 1001, soon after Mahmud came to power and was occupied with the Qarakhanids to his north, he assaulted Ghazni once more and upon suffering yet another defeat by the Ghaznavid
Ghaznavid Empire
The Ghaznavids were a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic slave origin which existed from 975 to 1187 and ruled much of Persia, Transoxania, and the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. The Ghaznavid state was centered in Ghazni, a city in modern-day Afghanistan...
forces in 1001, near Peshawar
Peshawar
Peshawar is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the administrative center and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan....
, committed himself to a funeral pyre because his subjects thought he had brought disaster and disgrace to the dynasty.
Succession
He was succeeded by his son AnandapalaAnandapala
Anandapala/Anantpala was a Hindu Shahi King and the son of Indian ruler Jayapala.-References:...
and other succeeding generations of the Shahiya dynasty took part in various unsuccessful campaigns against Ghazni, and were eventually exiled to Kashmir Siwalik Hills.
Other sources
- Ram Gopal Misra, Indian Resistance to Early Muslim Invaders Up to 1206 A.D., Anu Books, Shivaji Road, Meerut city, 1983. The book has been reprinted in 1992.
- Sita Ram GoelSita Ram GoelSita Ram Goel , writer and publisher in late twentieth century. He had Marxist leanings during the 1940s, but later became an outspoken anti-communist that also spoke negatively about Islam and Christianity...
: Heroic Hindu Resistance to Muslim Invaders, 2001.