Jean Hyacinthe Vincent
Encyclopedia
Jean Hyacinthe Vincent was a French physician who was a native of Bordeaux
. He was an associate professor at Val-de-Grâce
, as well as medical inspector general with the French Army. Later he attained the chair of epidemiology
at Collège de France
.
Vincent is credited with the discovery of the organisms that cause an acute infection of the oral soft tissues, including the tonsils and pharynx
.
This condition is caused by the combination of the fusiform bacilli
(Bacillus fusiformis
), and the spirochete (Borrelia
vincentii). Today, this disease is called Vincent's angina in honor of his discovery. It is sometimes referred to as trench mouth
or Vincent's gingivitis
.
He is also remembered for his work with vaccine
s, and his successful inoculations of the French Army against typhoid fever
and paratyphoid fever
, types A and B. He started these vaccinations in 1910, and they were continued during World War I. Marshals Joseph Joffre
(1852-1931) and Ferdinand Foch
(1851-1929) paid homage to Vincent and his medical work that saved countless lives.
Bordeaux
Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...
. He was an associate professor at Val-de-Grâce
Val-de-Grâce
This article describes the hospital and former abbey. For the main article on Mansart and Lemercier's central church, see Church of the Val-de-Grâce....
, as well as medical inspector general with the French Army. Later he attained the chair of epidemiology
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of health-event, health-characteristic, or health-determinant patterns in a population. It is the cornerstone method of public health research, and helps inform policy decisions and evidence-based medicine by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive...
at Collège de France
Collège de France
The Collège de France is a higher education and research establishment located in Paris, France, in the 5th arrondissement, or Latin Quarter, across the street from the historical campus of La Sorbonne at the intersection of Rue Saint-Jacques and Rue des Écoles...
.
Vincent is credited with the discovery of the organisms that cause an acute infection of the oral soft tissues, including the tonsils and pharynx
Pharynx
The human pharynx is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and anterior to the esophagus and larynx. The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the nasopharynx , the oropharynx , and the laryngopharynx...
.
This condition is caused by the combination of the fusiform bacilli
Bacilli
Bacilli refers to a taxonomic class of bacteria. It includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens like Bacillus anthracis .-Ambiguity:...
(Bacillus fusiformis
Bacillus fusiformis
Bacillus fusiformis is a gram-positive bacterium of the genus Bacillus....
), and the spirochete (Borrelia
Borrelia
Borrelia is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. It causes borreliosis, a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted primarily by ticks and some by lice, depending on the species...
vincentii). Today, this disease is called Vincent's angina in honor of his discovery. It is sometimes referred to as trench mouth
Trench mouth
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis or necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a sub-classification of necrotizing periodontal disease, an infection of the gum tissue. This presents as an acute infection of the gingiva without involvement of the other tissues of the periodontium...
or Vincent's gingivitis
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a term used to describe non-destructive periodontal disease. The most common form of gingivitis is in response to bacterial biofilms adherent to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis, and is the most common form of periodontal disease...
.
He is also remembered for his work with vaccine
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins...
s, and his successful inoculations of the French Army against typhoid fever
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known as Typhoid, is a common worldwide bacterial disease, transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person, which contain the bacterium Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhi...
and paratyphoid fever
Paratyphoid fever
Paratyphoid fevers or Enteric fevers are a group of enteric illnesses caused by serotypic strains of the Salmonella genus of bacteria, S. Paratyphi....
, types A and B. He started these vaccinations in 1910, and they were continued during World War I. Marshals Joseph Joffre
Joseph Joffre
Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre OM was a French general during World War I. He is most known for regrouping the retreating allied armies to defeat the Germans at the strategically decisive First Battle of the Marne in 1914. His popularity led to his nickname Papa Joffre.-Biography:Joffre was born in...
(1852-1931) and Ferdinand Foch
Ferdinand Foch
Ferdinand Foch , GCB, OM, DSO was a French soldier, war hero, military theorist, and writer credited with possessing "the most original and subtle mind in the French army" in the early 20th century. He served as general in the French army during World War I and was made Marshal of France in its...
(1851-1929) paid homage to Vincent and his medical work that saved countless lives.