Jiang Guangnai
Encyclopedia
Jiang Guangnai was a general and statesman in the Republic of China
and the People's Republic of China
.
and, in 1932, was promoted to General and Commander in Chief of the 19th Route Army
, leading it in the successful Defense of Shanghai
against Japanese
invasion in the January 28 Incident
.
. They won some battles against the Communists but then negotiated peace with them. Jiang Guangnai joined an insurrection that, on 22 November 1933, established a new People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China
(Chinese: 中華共和國), free from the control of Chiang's Nanjing government. The new Fujian government was not supported other warlords or by all elements of the communists and was quickly crushed by Chiang's armies in January 1934. Jiang escaped with his family to Hong Kong
and the rest of the army was disbanded and reassigned into other units of the National Revolutionary Army.
from 1939 to 1944 he returned to become Deputy Commander in Chief of the 4th War Area. In 1945, Deputy Commander in Chief of the 7th War Area.
, Mao assigned Jiang to be Minister of Textiles of the new People's Republic of China
from 1950.
Most high-ranking officials struggled with the Red Guards
during the Cultural Revolution
. Jiang Guangnai, however, was saved by Zhou Enlai
. Zhou carefully and cleverly arranged Jiang to join him and Mao Zedong
on Tiananmen
to inspect the Red Guards, some of whom has just stormed Jiang's home the previous day. During the inspection, Jiang's position was almost next to Mao. Zhou personally walked over to Jiang in front of the Red Guards, asking him how he was doing after the 'visit' by the Red Guards the day before. In front of Mao, Jiang was quick to reply that the Red Guards were still relatively civilized. After that, the Red Guards did not bother Jiang again. He died in 1967.
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
and the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
.
Defense of Shanghai
He became a bodyguard to Sun Yat-senSun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese doctor, revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the "Father of the Nation" , a view agreed upon by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China...
and, in 1932, was promoted to General and Commander in Chief of the 19th Route Army
19th Route Army
19th Route Army was an army in the Republic of China led by General Cai Tingkai. It gained a good reputation among Chinese for fighting the Japanese in Shanghai in the January 28 Incident in 1932...
, leading it in the successful Defense of Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
against Japanese
Empire of Japan
The Empire of Japan is the name of the state of Japan that existed from the Meiji Restoration on 3 January 1868 to the enactment of the post-World War II Constitution of...
invasion in the January 28 Incident
January 28 Incident
The January 28 Incident was a short war between the armies of the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan, before official hostilities of the Second Sino-Japanese War commenced in 1937.- Naming :...
.
Fujian Incident
After the ceasefire was brokered, the 19th Army was reassigned by Chiang Kai-shek to suppress Chinese Communist insurrection in FujianFujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...
. They won some battles against the Communists but then negotiated peace with them. Jiang Guangnai joined an insurrection that, on 22 November 1933, established a new People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China
Fujian People's Government
The People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China , also known as the Fujian People's Government , was a short-lived anti-Kuomintang government in the Republic of China's Fujian Province...
(Chinese: 中華共和國), free from the control of Chiang's Nanjing government. The new Fujian government was not supported other warlords or by all elements of the communists and was quickly crushed by Chiang's armies in January 1934. Jiang escaped with his family to Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
and the rest of the army was disbanded and reassigned into other units of the National Revolutionary Army.
World War II
During the Second Sino-Japanese WarSecond Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
from 1939 to 1944 he returned to become Deputy Commander in Chief of the 4th War Area. In 1945, Deputy Commander in Chief of the 7th War Area.
Later years
After the Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
, Mao assigned Jiang to be Minister of Textiles of the new People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
from 1950.
Most high-ranking officials struggled with the Red Guards
Red Guards (China)
Red Guards were a mass movement of civilians, mostly students and other young people in the People's Republic of China , who were mobilized by Mao Zedong in 1966 and 1967, during the Cultural Revolution.-Origins:...
during the Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
. Jiang Guangnai, however, was saved by Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976...
. Zhou carefully and cleverly arranged Jiang to join him and Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
on Tiananmen
Tiananmen
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous monument in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is widely used as a national symbol. First built during the Ming Dynasty in 1420, Tian'anmen is often referred to as the front entrance to the Forbidden City...
to inspect the Red Guards, some of whom has just stormed Jiang's home the previous day. During the inspection, Jiang's position was almost next to Mao. Zhou personally walked over to Jiang in front of the Red Guards, asking him how he was doing after the 'visit' by the Red Guards the day before. In front of Mao, Jiang was quick to reply that the Red Guards were still relatively civilized. After that, the Red Guards did not bother Jiang again. He died in 1967.