Jiangnan DaYingJiangnan DaYing ( or the Army Group

Army group

An army group is a military organization consisting of several field armies, which is self-sufficient for indefinite periods. It is usually responsible for a particular geographic area...

 Jiangnan

Jiangnan

Jiangnan or Jiang Nan is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the southern part of the Yangtze Delta...

; (first： 1853 - 1856 and second： 1857 - 1860) was an army group in China

China

Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

. The Qing government raised the Green Standard Army

Green Standard Army

Green Standard Army is the name of a category of military units under the control of the Qing Dynasty in China. It was made up mostly of ethnic Han soldiers and operated concurrently with the Manchu-Mongol-Han Eight Banner armies...

 to quell the Taiping Rebellion

Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, who, having received visions, maintained that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty...

. Qing twice surrounded Nanjing

Nanjing

' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

 (the capital of the Taiping Rebellion

Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, who, having received visions, maintained that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty...

) and lost at last.

Time

1853—1856: when the armies of the Taiping Rebellion

Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, who, having received visions, maintained that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty...

 occupied Nanjing, after 10 days Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong 向榮 born in Wuxi County Chongqing, was a general promoted from the ranks of a foot soldier in Qing Dynasty. He was involved in early military operations against the Taiping reform movement in Guangxi from 1850...

 in command of a 10,000 strong Green Standard Army

Green Standard Army

Green Standard Army is the name of a category of military units under the control of the Qing Dynasty in China. It was made up mostly of ethnic Han soldiers and operated concurrently with the Manchu-Mongol-Han Eight Banner armies...

 tracked them to Taiping and stationed outside the Nanjing

Nanjing

' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

 wall.

Headquarters

The headquarters of the Jiangnan DaYing were located in Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the tomb of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. It lies at the southern foot of Purple Mountain , located east of the historical center of Nanjing, China...

.

Leaders

Imperial Inspector Minister

Imperial Inspector Minister

Imperial Inspector Minister was an eminent official or military general that represent emperor　in China （the late Ming dynasty and Qing Dynasty）and Russia,　it does not belong to regular official system that must take care for some very important events in the empire, so his power just only below...

： First Class Senior General Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong 向榮 born in Wuxi County Chongqing, was a general promoted from the ranks of a foot soldier in Qing Dynasty. He was involved in early military operations against the Taiping reform movement in Guangxi from 1850...

 (向榮)

Military commander： Second Class Senior General Her Chyun

Lieutenant General

Lieutenant General

Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....

： Zhang GuoLiang

Zhang GuoLiang

Zhang Guoliang , born in Guangdong, was a Field Marshal for the Qing dynasty. He was a scion of a Meizhou family who led Chinese military operations. He raised the Green Standard Army by 250,000 to fight against the Taiping Rebellion in the second rout the Army Group Jiangnan in 1860 and was...

Strength

The 80,000 soldiers in the regular Army

Regular Army

The Regular Army of the United States was and is the successor to the Continental Army as the country's permanent, professional military establishment. Even in modern times the professional core of the United States Army continues to be called the Regular Army...

 faced 460,000+ in the Taiping Rebellion militia force

Militia

The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. It is a polyseme with...

.

Outcome

On June 1, 1856, an army tried to stop the Taiping forces but the Governor

Governor

A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...

 of Jiangsu

Jiangsu

' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...

 Jeer Hungar

Jeer Hungar

Jirhangga belonged to Bordered Yellow Banner. He was an eminent Manchu official in the late Qing dynasty and served as the Governor of Jiangsu. He was appointed to that post by Imperial Inspector Minister Xiang Rong...

 (吉爾杭阿), Mayor of Nanjing, lost and his army of 7,800 were all killed.

There was a heated battle from June 16 to June 20, but the Qing army of 80,000 was defeated and the surviving 36,000 followers of Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong 向榮 born in Wuxi County Chongqing, was a general promoted from the ranks of a foot soldier in Qing Dynasty. He was involved in early military operations against the Taiping reform movement in Guangxi from 1850...

 retreated north. On August 9, Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong 向榮 born in Wuxi County Chongqing, was a general promoted from the ranks of a foot soldier in Qing Dynasty. He was involved in early military operations against the Taiping reform movement in Guangxi from 1850...

 committed suicide in Danyang

Danyang

Danyang is a county-level city administered by Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province. It is famous for its spectacles industry and it has the Spectscles City.-Economy:...

, but this strategy stopped the forces' march north.

Leaders

Imperial Inspector Minister

Imperial Inspector Minister

Imperial Inspector Minister was an eminent official or military general that represent emperor　in China （the late Ming dynasty and Qing Dynasty）and Russia,　it does not belong to regular official system that must take care for some very important events in the empire, so his power just only below...

： First Class Senior General Her Chyun

Viceroy of Liangjiang

Viceroy of Liangjiang

The Viceroy of Liangjiang , fully referred to as the Governor General of the two Yangtze Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight regional viceroys in China proper during the Qing Dynasty of China...

： He Guiqing (何桂清) (escaped to Shanghai

Shanghai

Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

 and was executed by Qing)

Military commander： Second Class Senior General Zhang GuoLiang

Zhang GuoLiang

Zhang Guoliang , born in Guangdong, was a Field Marshal for the Qing dynasty. He was a scion of a Meizhou family who led Chinese military operations. He raised the Green Standard Army by 250,000 to fight against the Taiping Rebellion in the second rout the Army Group Jiangnan in 1860 and was...

 (KIA

Killed in action

Killed in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...

 early May 1860)

Governor of Zhejiang

Zhejiang

Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...

 province 1st Luo Zundian

Luo Zundian

Luo Zundian, was a Chinese governor of province who ended several rebellions, but forced suicide in Second rout the Army Group Jiangnan in Hangzhou when the Taiping forces fallen down this city at last....

 (羅遵殿) (died early March 1860, forced suicide)

Governor of Zhejiang

Zhejiang

Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...

 province 2nd Wang Youling (王有齡) (died early October 1861, forced suicide)

Governor of Jiangsu

Jiangsu

' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...

 province Xu Youren (徐有壬) (KIA

Killed in action

Killed in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...

 December 21, 1860)

Lieutenant General

Lieutenant General

Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....

： Zhang YuLiang (張玉良) (KIA

Killed in action

Killed in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...

 October 1861)

Lieutenant General

Lieutenant General

Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....

： Zhou Tengso (周天受) (KIA middle of May 1860)

Lieutenant General

Lieutenant General

Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....

： Wang Jung (王浚) (KIA late April 1860)

Victory of Taiping Generals

Li Xiucheng

Li Xiucheng

Li Xiucheng was an eminent military leader of the Taiping Rebellion, and known during his military tenure as the Loyal King . This title was given because a Qing general attempted to bribe him to kill Hong Xiuquan, but he refused and told Hong Xiuquan. His many victories also made Hong very happy...

, Lai Wenguang, Tong Zonghai (童容海), Chen Yucheng, Yang Fuqing

Yang Fuqing

Yang Fuqing, born in Meizhou, was a rebel leader during the middle and late Taiping Rebellion against the Qing government in 1855-1874. Yang Fuqing created a Chinese gang in Los Angeles, California in 1866...

 (楊輔清), Li Shixian

Li Shixian

Li Shixian was a pre-eminent military leader of the late Taiping Rebellion. He was the cousin of military leader Li Xiucheng and was known for being very tall for a native of Guangxi province. During his military tenure, he was given the title of King of Shi...

, Liu Qeuling (劉瑲琳)

Strength

The regular Army

Regular Army

The Regular Army of the United States was and is the successor to the Continental Army as the country's permanent, professional military establishment. Even in modern times the professional core of the United States Army continues to be called the Regular Army...

 had only 180,000 soldiers while the Taiping Rebellion militia force

Militia

The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. It is a polyseme with...

 had at least 560,000 soldiers.

Outcome

Taiping Rebellion

Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, who, having received visions, maintained that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty...

 forces occupied Jiangsu

Jiangsu

' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...

 in 1860. The next year, they occupied Zhejiang

Zhejiang

Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...

. The Jiangnan DaYing was destroyed. The Second Opium War

Second Opium War

The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China, lasting from 1856 to 1860...

 took place and the Xianfeng Emperor

Xianfeng Emperor

The Xianfeng Emperor , born Aisin-Gioro I Ju, was the ninth Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1850 to 1861.-Family and his early years:...

 died in 1861. The Xiang Army

Xiang Army

The Xiang Army was a standing army organized by Zeng Guofan from existing regional and village militia forces tuanlian to contain the Taiping rebellion in China . The name is taken from the Hunan region where the Army was raised. The Army was financed through local nobles and gentry, as opposed...

 and Huai Army combined to become the Green Standard Army

Green Standard Army

Green Standard Army is the name of a category of military units under the control of the Qing Dynasty in China. It was made up mostly of ethnic Han soldiers and operated concurrently with the Manchu-Mongol-Han Eight Banner armies...

 in 1862 and for the third time they surrounded and attacked Nanjing

Nanjing

' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

, successfully ending the civil war

Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly-united nation state....

 in July 1864.

Commentary

The Jiangnan DaYing had trouble making payroll for its forces, and these forces were insufficient to fight off the British and French forces in northern China.

The leaders intrigued against each other： Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong

Xiang Rong 向榮 born in Wuxi County Chongqing, was a general promoted from the ranks of a foot soldier in Qing Dynasty. He was involved in early military operations against the Taiping reform movement in Guangxi from 1850...

 (向榮)　and Her Chyun in the first Jiangnan DaYing Her Chyun group, and the He Guiqing and Zeng Guofan

Zeng Guofan

Zeng Guofan was an eminent Han Chinese official, military general, and devout Confucian scholar of the late Qing Dynasty in China....

 groups disputed inner officials' system, which allowed the Taiping Rebellion

Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, who, having received visions, maintained that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty...

 to gain momentum.

Her Chyun could use the Brigadier General

Brigadier General

Brigadier general is a senior rank in the armed forces. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries, usually sitting between the ranks of colonel and major general. When appointed to a field command, a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000...

's works but he belittled the Taiping Rebellion

Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, who, having received visions, maintained that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty...

, He Guiqing's cowardice and Zeng Guofan

Zeng Guofan

Zeng Guofan was an eminent Han Chinese official, military general, and devout Confucian scholar of the late Qing Dynasty in China....

's selfishness, which were the three reasons for their loss.