Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
Encyclopedia
Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (24 June 1322 – 1 November 1406), also known as Jeanne, was the heiress of Duke John III
, who died in Brussels, December 5, 1355. Her mother was Marie d'Évreux
.
and his wife, Margaret of Artois
. Her paternal grandparents were John II, Duke of Brabant
and his wife Margaret of England. Margaret of England was a daughter of Edward I of England
and his first wife Eleanor of Castile
.
Joanna was the eldest child born to her parents. Only herself and two other sister, Margaret and Marie lived to adulthood; her three younger brothers died in childhood.
Her second marriage was to Wenceslaus of Luxemburg
. The famous document, the foundation of the rule of law in Brabant
called the Blijde Inkomst
("Joyous Entry"), was arrived at in January 1355/6, in order to assure Joanna and her consort peacable entry into their capital and to settle the inheritance of the Duchy of Brabant
on her "natural heirs", who were Joanna's sisters, they being more acceptable to the burghers of Brabant than rule by the House of Luxembourg
.
As events transpired, the document was a dead letter, with the military incursion into Brabant of the Count of Flanders
, Louis II
, who had married Margaret, Joanna's younger sister, and considered himself Duke of Brabant by right of his wife. By August 1356 Joanna and Wencelaus had called upon the Emperor, Charles IV
to support them by force of arms. Charles met at Maastricht
with the parties concerned, including representatives of the towns, and all agreed to nullify certain terms of the Blijde Inkomst, to satisfy the Luxembourg
dynasty.
On Joanna's death, by agreement the Duchy passed to her great-nephew Antoine de Valois, the second son of her sister's daughter Margaret de Dampierre, Countess of Flanders
, who had married Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
.
Her tomb was not erected in the Carmelite church in Brussels until the late 1450s; it was paid for in 1459 by her descendant, duke Philip the Good of Burgundy. Though it was destroyed in the course of the French Revolutionary Wars
, its appearance has been reconstructed from drawings and descriptions by Lorne Campbell, who concluded that the tomb was an afterthought, providing an inexpensive piece of propaganda for Philip's dynastic rights.
John III, Duke of Brabant
Jan III van Brabant , also called John III, the Triumphant , was Duke of Brabant, Lothier, and Limburg...
, who died in Brussels, December 5, 1355. Her mother was Marie d'Évreux
Marie d'Évreux
Marie d'Évreux was the eldest child of Louis d'Évreux and his wife Margaret of Artois. She was a member of the House of Capet and was Duchess of Brabant by her marriage to John III, Duke of Brabant....
.
Family
Joanna's maternal grandparents were Louis d'ÉvreuxLouis d'Évreux
Louis of France, Count of Évreux was the third son of King Philip III the Bold and his second wife Maria of Brabant, and half-brother of King Philip IV the Fair....
and his wife, Margaret of Artois
Margaret of Artois
Margaret of Artois was the eldest child of Philip of Artois and his wife, Blanche of Brittany. She was a member of the House of Artois. She was married to Louis d'Évreux, her daughters all made good political marriages...
. Her paternal grandparents were John II, Duke of Brabant
John II, Duke of Brabant
John II van Brabant , also called John the Peaceful, was Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg...
and his wife Margaret of England. Margaret of England was a daughter of Edward I of England
Edward I of England
Edward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons...
and his first wife Eleanor of Castile
Eleanor of Castile
Eleanor of Castile was the first queen consort of Edward I of England. She was also Countess of Ponthieu in her own right from 1279 until her death in 1290, succeeding her mother and ruling together with her husband.-Birth:...
.
Joanna was the eldest child born to her parents. Only herself and two other sister, Margaret and Marie lived to adulthood; her three younger brothers died in childhood.
Life
Joanna's first marriage, in 1334, was to William IV, Count of Holland (1307–1345), who subsequently died in battle and their only son William died young, thus foiling that project of unifying their territories.Her second marriage was to Wenceslaus of Luxemburg
Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg
Wenceslaus I was the first Duke of Luxembourg from 1355...
. The famous document, the foundation of the rule of law in Brabant
Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant was a historical region in the Low Countries. Its territory consisted essentially of the three modern-day Belgian provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant and Antwerp, the Brussels-Capital Region and most of the present-day Dutch province of North Brabant.The Flag of...
called the Blijde Inkomst
Joyous Entry of 1356
The Joyous Entry of 1356 into Brussels is the charter of liberties granted to the Duchy of Brabant following the death in 1355 of Duke John III, by his daughter Joanna, the new Duchess, and her husband Wenceslaus, Duke of Luxembourg...
("Joyous Entry"), was arrived at in January 1355/6, in order to assure Joanna and her consort peacable entry into their capital and to settle the inheritance of the Duchy of Brabant
Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant was a historical region in the Low Countries. Its territory consisted essentially of the three modern-day Belgian provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant and Antwerp, the Brussels-Capital Region and most of the present-day Dutch province of North Brabant.The Flag of...
on her "natural heirs", who were Joanna's sisters, they being more acceptable to the burghers of Brabant than rule by the House of Luxembourg
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a late medieval German dynasty, which between 1308 and 1437 ruled the Holy Roman Empire, twice interrupted by the rivaling House of Wittelsbach.-History:...
.
As events transpired, the document was a dead letter, with the military incursion into Brabant of the Count of Flanders
Count of Flanders
The Count of Flanders was the ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the position by the French revolutionaries in 1790....
, Louis II
Louis II of Flanders
Louis II of Flanders , also Louis III of Artois and Louis I of Palatine Burgundy, known as Louis of Male, was the son of Louis I of Flanders and Margaret I of Burgundy, and Count of Flanders.On his father's death at the Battle of Crécy in 1346, he inherited the counties of Flanders, Nevers, and...
, who had married Margaret, Joanna's younger sister, and considered himself Duke of Brabant by right of his wife. By August 1356 Joanna and Wencelaus had called upon the Emperor, Charles IV
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor....
to support them by force of arms. Charles met at Maastricht
Maastricht
Maastricht is situated on both sides of the Meuse river in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands, on the Belgian border and near the German border...
with the parties concerned, including representatives of the towns, and all agreed to nullify certain terms of the Blijde Inkomst, to satisfy the Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
dynasty.
On Joanna's death, by agreement the Duchy passed to her great-nephew Antoine de Valois, the second son of her sister's daughter Margaret de Dampierre, Countess of Flanders
Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
Margaret of Dampierre was Countess of Flanders , Countess of Artois and Countess Palatine of Burgundy and twice Duchess consort of Burgundy...
, who had married Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
Philip the Bold , also Philip II, Duke of Burgundy , was the fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg. By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Count Philip II of Flanders, Count Philip IV of Artois and Count-Palatine Philip IV...
.
Her tomb was not erected in the Carmelite church in Brussels until the late 1450s; it was paid for in 1459 by her descendant, duke Philip the Good of Burgundy. Though it was destroyed in the course of the French Revolutionary Wars
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts, from 1792 until 1802, fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states...
, its appearance has been reconstructed from drawings and descriptions by Lorne Campbell, who concluded that the tomb was an afterthought, providing an inexpensive piece of propaganda for Philip's dynastic rights.
Ancestors
| Joanna, Duchess of Brabant | Father: John III, Duke of Brabant John III, Duke of Brabant Jan III van Brabant , also called John III, the Triumphant , was Duke of Brabant, Lothier, and Limburg... |
Paternal Grandfather: John II, Duke of Brabant John II, Duke of Brabant John II van Brabant , also called John the Peaceful, was Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg... |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: John I, Duke of Brabant John I, Duke of Brabant John I of Brabant, also called John the Victorious was Duke of Brabant , Lothier and Limburg .-Life:... |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Margaret of Flanders Margaret of Flanders (d. 1285) Margaret of Flanders was the daughter of Guy of Dampierre, and wife of John I, Duke of Brabant.They were married in 1273. She was the mother of:# Godfrey Margaret of Flanders (died July 3, 1285) was the daughter of Guy of Dampierre, and wife of John I, Duke of Brabant.They were married in 1273.... |
|||
| Paternal Grandmother: Margaret of England |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: Edward I of England Edward I of England Edward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons... |
||
| Paternal Great-Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Eleanor of Castile Eleanor of Castile was the first queen consort of Edward I of England. She was also Countess of Ponthieu in her own right from 1279 until her death in 1290, succeeding her mother and ruling together with her husband.-Birth:... |
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| Mother: Marie d'Évreux Marie d'Évreux Marie d'Évreux was the eldest child of Louis d'Évreux and his wife Margaret of Artois. She was a member of the House of Capet and was Duchess of Brabant by her marriage to John III, Duke of Brabant.... |
Maternal Grandfather: Louis d'Évreux Louis d'Évreux Louis of France, Count of Évreux was the third son of King Philip III the Bold and his second wife Maria of Brabant, and half-brother of King Philip IV the Fair.... |
Maternal Great-Grandfather: Philip III of France Philip III of France Philip III , called the Bold , was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.-Biography:... |
|
| Maternal Great-Grandmother: Maria of Brabant |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Margaret of Artois Margaret of Artois Margaret of Artois was the eldest child of Philip of Artois and his wife, Blanche of Brittany. She was a member of the House of Artois. She was married to Louis d'Évreux, her daughters all made good political marriages... |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Philip of Artois Philip of Artois Philip of Artois was the son of Robert II of Artois, Count of Artois and Amicie de Courtenay. He was the Lord of Conches, Nonancourt, and Domfront.... |
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| Maternal Great-Grandmother: Blanche of Brittany Blanche of Brittany Blanche of Brittany was a daughter of John II, Duke of Brittany and his wife Beatrice of England. She is also known as Blanche de Dreux... |