Johan Wilhelm Dalman
Encyclopedia
Johan Wilhelm Dalman was a Swedish
physician
and a naturalist
. He first studied at Christianfeld in Schleswig-Holstein
then at the University of Lund and the University of Uppsala. He was mainly interested in entomology
and botany
. He received his degree in 1816 then his doctorate in 1817 from the University of Uppsala. Dalman became librarian of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
, a member of the Academy in 1821, then director of the zoological garden, then demonstrator in botany at the Karolinska Institutet
of Stockholm.
Dalman's main interest lay in entomology and botany, but he also became involved in the systematics and taxonomy of trilobites. In 1771 Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch
(1725-1778) first used the term trilobite. Researchers had tried to link trilobites to extant groups such as chitons and various arthropods. Before Walch’s work this had led to great confusion. By 1820 the term “trilobite” was widely used, except by Dalman who suggested the term “palaeades”. Dalman had drawn attention to the weakly defined axial furrows in the Ordovician
trilobite Nileus. The trilobite genus Dalmanites
in the order Phacopida
was named in his honour. Dalmanites was widespread during the Ordovician
and Silurian
.
He was the author of De narcoticis observations (1816), Förteckning paa Skrifter i medicinska vetenskaperna, samt i kemi och Naturalhistorie, utgifne i Sverige åren 1817, 1818 and 1819 (1820), Om Palaeaderna, eller de så kallade Trilobiterna (1827) and very many works on entomology.
Entomology 1821-1825
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
and a naturalist
Natural history
Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study...
. He first studied at Christianfeld in Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig...
then at the University of Lund and the University of Uppsala. He was mainly interested in entomology
Entomology
Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology...
and botany
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
. He received his degree in 1816 then his doctorate in 1817 from the University of Uppsala. Dalman became librarian of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. The Academy is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization which acts to promote the sciences, primarily the natural sciences and mathematics.The Academy was founded on 2...
, a member of the Academy in 1821, then director of the zoological garden, then demonstrator in botany at the Karolinska Institutet
Karolinska Institutet
Karolinska institutet is a medical university in Solna within the Stockholm urban area, Sweden, and one of Europe's largest medical universities...
of Stockholm.
Dalman's main interest lay in entomology and botany, but he also became involved in the systematics and taxonomy of trilobites. In 1771 Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch
Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch
Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch was a German theologian, linguist, and naturalist from Jena.The son of the theologian Johann Georg Walch, he studied Semitic languages at the University of Jena, and also natural science and mathematics. In 1749 he published Einleitung in die Harmonie der Evangelien,...
(1725-1778) first used the term trilobite. Researchers had tried to link trilobites to extant groups such as chitons and various arthropods. Before Walch’s work this had led to great confusion. By 1820 the term “trilobite” was widely used, except by Dalman who suggested the term “palaeades”. Dalman had drawn attention to the weakly defined axial furrows in the Ordovician
Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six of the Paleozoic Era, and covers the time between 488.3±1.7 to 443.7±1.5 million years ago . It follows the Cambrian Period and is followed by the Silurian Period...
trilobite Nileus. The trilobite genus Dalmanites
Dalmanites
Dalmanites is a genus of trilobite in the order Phacopida.The trilobites of this genus have slightly convex exoskeletons with an average diameter of 4–7 cm . The cephalon is semicircular or parabolic. The glabella is often pear-shaped, and tapers outward toward the front...
in the order Phacopida
Phacopida
Phacopida is an order of trilobite that lived from the Ordovician to the Devonian. It is made up of a morphologically diverse group of related suborders....
was named in his honour. Dalmanites was widespread during the Ordovician
Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six of the Paleozoic Era, and covers the time between 488.3±1.7 to 443.7±1.5 million years ago . It follows the Cambrian Period and is followed by the Silurian Period...
and Silurian
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician Period, about 443.7 ± 1.5 Mya , to the beginning of the Devonian Period, about 416.0 ± 2.8 Mya . As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the...
.
He was the author of De narcoticis observations (1816), Förteckning paa Skrifter i medicinska vetenskaperna, samt i kemi och Naturalhistorie, utgifne i Sverige åren 1817, 1818 and 1819 (1820), Om Palaeaderna, eller de så kallade Trilobiterna (1827) and very many works on entomology.
Entomology 1821-1825
- 1818, Några nya Genera och Species af Insecter beskrifna. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 39:69-89
- Försök till Uppställning af Insect-familjen Pteromalini, i synnerhet med afseen de på de i Sverige funne Arter. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 41(1):123-174, 177-182, tab VII-VIII
- 1820, Försök till Uppställning af Insect-familjen Pteromalini, i synnerhet med afseen de på de i Sverige funne Arter. (Fortsättning) Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 41(2):340-385
- 1822, Fortsättning af Svenska Pteromalinernes beskrifning. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 43:394-403
- 1823, Analeceta Entomologica :viii+108pp, 4 pls Stockholm
- 1825, Om några Svenska arter af Coccus, samt de inuti dem förekommande parasit Insekter. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 46:350-374