Johannes Hubertus Leonardus de Haas
Encyclopedia
Johannes Hubertus Leonardus de Haas (25 March 1832 – 4 August 1908) was a Dutch animal and landscape painter, and a peripheral figure of the Hague School
.
Born at Hedel
, De Haas spend his youth in Amsterdam
where he got his first art education at evening-classes at the Koninklijke Academie. Consequently he moved to Haarlem
where he was apprenticed to the artist Pieter Frederik van Os
. During his stay in Haarlem he befriended Paul Gabriël
and Hendrik Dirk Kruseman Van Elten who were also studying with Van Os.
In 1853, together with his two friends, De Haas decided to go to Oosterbeek
. Here they came into contact with the influential landscape painter Johannes Warnardus Bilders
and the group of painters which had gathered around him, many of whom would later be part of the Hague School. De Haas also met his future wife in Oosterbeek, Bilders' daughter, Caroline. In 1855 he received good reviews for his pictures that were exhibited in Paris from the noted art critic Jean Baptiste Gustave Planche
.
In 1857 De Haas first went to Brussels
, where he became friends with Willem Roelofs
. De Haas frequently returned to the Netherlands and Oosterbeek for inspiration and Caroline. From 1860 his friend Gabriël also lived in Brussels, and De Haas often painted cattle in the landscapes of both Roelofs and Gabriel, fitting in perfectly with both their styles. In 1860 he won the gold medal at the exhibition of Utrecht
.
From 1861 until 1869 De Haas is permanently settled in Brussels, painting mainly on the coasts of Flanders
and Picardie
in northern France. He married Caroline Bilders in 1862, and in 1864 they are briefly joined by her brother, the promising painter Gerard Bilders
. In 1865 Caroline dies at the age of 24 of tuberculosis, leaving him with a young son. During his stay in Brussels De Haas is instrumental in passing on the style of the Barbizon school
to the painters at Oosterbeek.
In 1869 he received gold medals for his work at the exhibitions in Munich
. At this time he befriends the future prince regent of Bavaria, Luitpold
. This friendship provides him with many opportunities to contribute to exhibitions in Bavaria
and later the German Empire
. From 1888 he was responsible for the selection of the Dutch entries to the Munich exhibition. This position he antagonised many young Dutch painters for his conservative choices. In 1892 he was chosen by Queen Emma
to make a selection from the paintings from the royal collection for an exhibition at the Alte Pinakothek
in Munich. De Haas died on August 4, 1908 in Königswinter
.
Hague School
The Hague School is the name given to a group of artists who lived and worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1890. Their work was heavily influenced by the realist painters of the French Barbizon school. The painters of the Hague school generally made use of relatively sombre colours, which is why...
.
Born at Hedel
Hedel
Hedel is a town in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Maasdriel, and lies about 7 km northwest of 's-Hertogenbosch.Hedel was a separate municipality until 1999, when it was merged with Maasdriel....
, De Haas spend his youth in Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...
where he got his first art education at evening-classes at the Koninklijke Academie. Consequently he moved to Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland, the northern half of Holland, which at one time was the most powerful of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic...
where he was apprenticed to the artist Pieter Frederik van Os
Pieter Frederik van Os
Pieter Fredrik van Os was a Dutch painter. He was the son and pupil of Pieter Gerardus van Os and worked mainly in the spirit of his father....
. During his stay in Haarlem he befriended Paul Gabriël
Paul Gabriël
Paul Joseph Constantin Gabriël was a painter, draftsman, watercolorist, and etcher who belonged to the Hague School....
and Hendrik Dirk Kruseman Van Elten who were also studying with Van Os.
In 1853, together with his two friends, De Haas decided to go to Oosterbeek
Oosterbeek
Oosterbeek is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Renkum, about 5 km west of Arnhem.The oldest part of the village of Oosterbeek is the Benedendorp , on the northern bank of the river Rhine...
. Here they came into contact with the influential landscape painter Johannes Warnardus Bilders
Johannes Warnardus Bilders
Johannes Warnardus Bilders was a Dutch painter who was the father of Gerard Bilders and a forerunner of the Hague School.Johannes Bilders was born in Utrecht and took lessons from Jan Lodewijk Jonxis...
and the group of painters which had gathered around him, many of whom would later be part of the Hague School. De Haas also met his future wife in Oosterbeek, Bilders' daughter, Caroline. In 1855 he received good reviews for his pictures that were exhibited in Paris from the noted art critic Jean Baptiste Gustave Planche
Jean Baptiste Gustave Planche
Jean Baptiste Gustave Planche , was a French art and literary critic.Already in his time as a medical student, Planche frequented artistic circles. This did nothing to promote the success of his studies...
.
In 1857 De Haas first went to Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
, where he became friends with Willem Roelofs
Willem Roelofs
Willem Roelofs was a Dutch painter, water-colourist, etcher, lithographer and draughtsman. Roelofs was one of the forerunners of the Dutch Revival art, after the Romantic Classicism of the beginning of the 19th century, which led to the formation of The Hague school.Willem Roelofs was born in...
. De Haas frequently returned to the Netherlands and Oosterbeek for inspiration and Caroline. From 1860 his friend Gabriël also lived in Brussels, and De Haas often painted cattle in the landscapes of both Roelofs and Gabriel, fitting in perfectly with both their styles. In 1860 he won the gold medal at the exhibition of Utrecht
Utrecht (city)
Utrecht city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation, and is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands with a population of 312,634 on 1 Jan 2011.Utrecht's ancient city centre features...
.
From 1861 until 1869 De Haas is permanently settled in Brussels, painting mainly on the coasts of Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
and Picardie
Picardie
Picardy is one of the 27 regions of France. It is located in the northern part of France.-History:The historical province of Picardy stretched from north of Noyon to Calais, via the whole of the Somme department and the north of the Aisne department...
in northern France. He married Caroline Bilders in 1862, and in 1864 they are briefly joined by her brother, the promising painter Gerard Bilders
Gerard Bilders
Albertus Gerardus Bilders was a Dutch painter and collector who associated with some members of the Hague School....
. In 1865 Caroline dies at the age of 24 of tuberculosis, leaving him with a young son. During his stay in Brussels De Haas is instrumental in passing on the style of the Barbizon school
Barbizon school
The Barbizon school of painters were part of a movement towards realism in art, which arose in the context of the dominant Romantic Movement of the time. The Barbizon school was active roughly from 1830 through 1870...
to the painters at Oosterbeek.
In 1869 he received gold medals for his work at the exhibitions in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
. At this time he befriends the future prince regent of Bavaria, Luitpold
Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria , was the de facto ruler of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912, due to the incapacity of his nephews, King Ludwig II and King Otto.-Early life:...
. This friendship provides him with many opportunities to contribute to exhibitions in Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
and later the German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
. From 1888 he was responsible for the selection of the Dutch entries to the Munich exhibition. This position he antagonised many young Dutch painters for his conservative choices. In 1892 he was chosen by Queen Emma
Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Princess Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont was Queen consort of William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg...
to make a selection from the paintings from the royal collection for an exhibition at the Alte Pinakothek
Alte Pinakothek
The Alte Pinakothek is an art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses one of the most famous collections of Old Master paintings...
in Munich. De Haas died on August 4, 1908 in Königswinter
Königswinter
Königswinter is a town and summer resort in the Rhein-Sieg district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, opposite to Bonn, at the foot of the Siebengebirge.- Main sights :...
.