John Bullokar
Encyclopedia
John Bullokar was an English
physician
and lexicographer. He was born in St Andrew's parish, Chichester
, Sussex
, and baptized there on November 8, 1574, third of four known children of Elizabeth and William Bullokar
.
Staunch Roman Catholics, the William Bullokar
family was forced to move and was excommunicated on several occasions. The second son, Thomas Bullokar (also known as John Baptist Martyr) became a Franciscan
and, in 1642, was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn
for celebrating mass. John Bullokar, presumably because of his religion, obtained his medical degree away from England, at Caen
, France
, on October 16, 1612.
John Bullokar was the author of "An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the Hardest Words Used in our Language" (1616) and "A True Description of the Passion of our Saviour Jesus Christ, a poem in six-line stanzas" (1622). For his contribution to the development of the English dictionary
, John Bullokar is recognized by linguists
and lexicographers
.
The "Expositor" treated Latin
and Greek
loanwords of Renaissance
English
, drawing from many contemporaneous sources, ranging from Robert Cawdrey
's alphabetical and Thomas's Latin–English dictionaries to specialist glossaries. Many revised editions were published up to 1775, but John Bullokar lived to see only the second of these editions (1621). He died in 1627 and was buried in St Andrew's parish on January 2, 1628.
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
and lexicographer. He was born in St Andrew's parish, Chichester
Chichester
Chichester is a cathedral city in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, South-East England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings...
, Sussex
Sussex
Sussex , from the Old English Sūþsēaxe , is an historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. It is bounded on the north by Surrey, east by Kent, south by the English Channel, and west by Hampshire, and is divided for local government into West...
, and baptized there on November 8, 1574, third of four known children of Elizabeth and William Bullokar
William Bullokar
William Bullokar was a 16th-century printer who devised a 40-letter phonetic alphabet for the English language. Its characters were in the black-letter or "gothic" writing style commonly used at the time...
.
Staunch Roman Catholics, the William Bullokar
William Bullokar
William Bullokar was a 16th-century printer who devised a 40-letter phonetic alphabet for the English language. Its characters were in the black-letter or "gothic" writing style commonly used at the time...
family was forced to move and was excommunicated on several occasions. The second son, Thomas Bullokar (also known as John Baptist Martyr) became a Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
and, in 1642, was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn
Tyburn
Tyburn is a former village just outside the then boundaries of London that was best known as a place of public execution.Tyburn may also refer to:* Tyburn , river and historical water source in London...
for celebrating mass. John Bullokar, presumably because of his religion, obtained his medical degree away from England, at Caen
Caen
Caen is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the Calvados department and the capital of the Basse-Normandie region. It is located inland from the English Channel....
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, on October 16, 1612.
John Bullokar was the author of "An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the Hardest Words Used in our Language" (1616) and "A True Description of the Passion of our Saviour Jesus Christ, a poem in six-line stanzas" (1622). For his contribution to the development of the English dictionary
Dictionary
A dictionary is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often listed alphabetically, with usage information, definitions, etymologies, phonetics, pronunciations, and other information; or a book of words in one language with their equivalents in another, also known as a lexicon...
, John Bullokar is recognized by linguists
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
and lexicographers
Lexicography
Lexicography is divided into two related disciplines:*Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries....
.
The "Expositor" treated Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
and Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
loanwords of Renaissance
Renaissance
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historical era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not...
English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
, drawing from many contemporaneous sources, ranging from Robert Cawdrey
Robert Cawdrey
Robert Cawdrey produced one of the first dictionaries of the English language, the Table Alphabeticall, in 1604.-Career:...
's alphabetical and Thomas's Latin–English dictionaries to specialist glossaries. Many revised editions were published up to 1775, but John Bullokar lived to see only the second of these editions (1621). He died in 1627 and was buried in St Andrew's parish on January 2, 1628.