Johnny Clegg (musician)
Encyclopedia
Jonathan "Johnny" Clegg is a musician
Musician
A musician is an artist who plays a musical instrument. It may or may not be the person's profession. Musicians can be classified by their roles in performing music and writing music.Also....* A person who makes music a profession....

 from South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

, who has recorded and performed with his bands Juluka
Juluka
Juluka was a South African music band formed in 1969 by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. Juluka means "sweat", and was the name of a bull owned by Mchunu.-Career:...

 and Savuka
Savuka
Savuka was a band formed in 1986 by English-born South African Johnny Clegg after the disbanding of his first band, Juluka. Both of his bands were inter-racial in the racially segregated Apartheid South Africa...

. Sometimes called Le Zoulou Blanc ("The White Zulu"), he is an important figure in South African popular music history, with songs that mix Zulu
Zulu language
Zulu is the language of the Zulu people with about 10 million speakers, the vast majority of whom live in South Africa. Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa as well as being understood by over 50% of the population...

 with English lyrics, and African
Music of Africa
Africa is a vast continent and its regions and nations have distinct musical traditions. The music of North Africa for the most part has a different history from sub-Saharan African music traditions....

 with various Western European (such as Celtic
Celtic music
Celtic music is a term utilised by artists, record companies, music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of musical genres that evolved out of the folk musical traditions of the Celtic people of Western Europe...

) music styles.

Early life and career

Clegg was born in Bacup
Bacup
Bacup is a town within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. It is located amongst the South Pennines, along Lancashire's eastern boundary with West Yorkshire. The town sits within a rural setting in the Forest of Rossendale, amongst the steep-sided upper-Irwell Valley, through which the...

, Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...

, to an English father and a Rhodesian mother whose family were Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Poland. Already in his youth, Johnny Clegg, a white, English-speaking person with what he called a "secular Jewish" upbringing in the UK, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

, Rhodesia
Rhodesia
Rhodesia , officially the Republic of Rhodesia from 1970, was an unrecognised state located in southern Africa that existed between 1965 and 1979 following its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965...

 (present-day Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the African continent, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia and a tip of Namibia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three...

), Zambia
Zambia
Zambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....

, and South Africa, became interested in Zulu street music and took part in traditional Zulu dance competitions.

As a young man, in the early stages of his musical career, he combined his music with the study of anthropology
Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humanity. It has origins in the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences. The term "anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos , "man", understood to mean mankind or humanity, and -logia , "discourse" or "study", and was first used in 1501 by German...

, a subject which he also taught for a while at the University of the Witwatersrand
University of the Witwatersrand
The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg is a South African university situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. It is more commonly known as Wits University...

 in Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg also known as Jozi, Jo'burg or Egoli, is the largest city in South Africa, by population. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa...

, where he was influenced, among others, by the work of David Webster
David Webster (anthropologist)
David Webster was a social anthropologist in South Africa who was murdered by covert forces of the Apartheid state.-Life:...

, a social anthropologist
Social anthropology
Social Anthropology is one of the four or five branches of anthropology that studies how contemporary human beings behave in social groups. Practitioners of social anthropology investigate, often through long-term, intensive field studies , the social organization of a particular person: customs,...

 who was assassinated in 1989.

Clegg formed the first prominent racially mixed South African band, Juluka
Juluka
Juluka was a South African music band formed in 1969 by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. Juluka means "sweat", and was the name of a bull owned by Mchunu.-Career:...

, with gardener and Zulu musician
Busking
Street performance or busking is the practice of performing in public places, for gratuities, which are generally in the form of money and edibles...

 Sipho Mchunu
Sipho Mchunu
Sipho Mchunu is a Zulu musician best known for his partnership with 'white Zulu' Johnny Clegg in the band Juluka from the 1970s to the 1990s. Mchunu's Zulu compositions, vocals and guitar work brought traditional Zulu styles such as maskanda and mbaqanga to a wider crossover audience both in South...

. Because it was illegal for racially mixed bands to perform in South Africa during the apartheid era, their first album Universal Men received no air play on the state owned SABC, but it became a word-of-mouth hit.

Juluka's / Clegg's music was both implicitly and explicitly political; not only was the fact of the success of the band (which openly celebrated African culture in a bi-racial band) a thorn in the flesh of a political system based on racial separation, the band also produced some explicitly political songs. For example, the album "Work for All" (which includes a song with the same title) picked up on South African trade union
Trade unions in South Africa
Trade unions in South Africa have a history dating back to the 1880s. From the beginning unions could be viewed as a reflection of the racial disunity of the country, with the earliest unions being predominantly for white workers...

 slogans in the mid-80's. Even more explicit was the later Savuka album Third World Child in 1987, with songs like "Asimbonanga" ("We haven't seen him"), which called for the release of Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing...

, and which called out the names of three representative martyrs of the South African liberation struggle - Steve Biko
Steve Biko
Stephen Biko was a noted anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. A student leader, he later founded the Black Consciousness Movement which would empower and mobilize much of the urban black population. Since his death in police custody, he has been called a martyr of the...

, Victoria Mxenge
Victoria Mxenge
Victoria Mxenge, was a South African anti-apartheid activist. Trained as a nurse and midwife, she began practising law....

, and Neil Aggett
Neil Aggett
Neil Aggett was a white South African trade union leader and labour activist who died whilst in detention after being arrested by the South African Security Police.-Life and Death:...

.

As a result, Clegg and other band members were arrested several times and concerts routinely broken up.

Successes

Juluka were able to tour in Europe, and had two platinum and five gold albums, becoming an international success. Juluka was disbanded in 1986, when Mchunu was asked by his father to return home to look after the family cattle, although Mchunu made some solo recordings afterwards. Clegg went on to form his second inter-racial band, Savuka
Savuka
Savuka was a band formed in 1986 by English-born South African Johnny Clegg after the disbanding of his first band, Juluka. Both of his bands were inter-racial in the racially segregated Apartheid South Africa...

, continuing to blend African music with European, especially Celtic, influences.
The Savuka albums Shadow Man (which sold 250,000 copies within a week after its release went on to sell more than 1,000,000 copies in France alone), and "Cruel Crazy, Beautiful World" were dealing with more romantic topics, including "Cruel Crazy Beautiful World", where a father gives a message to his son, "Dela" where the essence of love is explored, and more politically focused songs, such as "Warsaw 1943" and "One (Hu)'man one vote" which go back to political messages. Third World Child and Shadow Man occupied 1st and 2nd position respectively in France and became the most successful foreign band in France and Shadow Man topped the charts in Montréal, Québec, Canada. At the height of the band's success in 1988, Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson
Michael Joseph Jackson was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records...

 had to cancel his show in Lyon, France, as he attracted a smaller audience than Johnny Clegg and Savuka. A newspaper headline in France read "white man singing black music, out sells black man singing white music" Their last album Heat, Dust and Dreams
Heat, Dust and Dreams
Heat, Dust And Dreams is a studio album by South African artist Johnny Clegg and his band Savuka, released in 1993, produced by Hilton Rosenthal, co-produced by Bobby Summerfield. The album received a 1993 Grammy Award nomination for Best World Music Album.....

was nominated for a Grammy Award
Grammy Award
A Grammy Award — or Grammy — is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry...

 for best album in the category of World Music
World music
World music is a term with widely varying definitions, often encompassing music which is primarily identified as another genre. This is evidenced by world music definitions such as "all of the music in the world" or "somebody else's local music"...

.

Touring

Briefly reunited with Mchunu in the mid 1990s, Clegg reformed Juluka and toured throughout the world including a tour of the USA in 1996, on which King Sunny Ade was the opening act.

The name Juluka is based on the Zulu
Zulu language
Zulu is the language of the Zulu people with about 10 million speakers, the vast majority of whom live in South Africa. Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa as well as being understood by over 50% of the population...

 word for "sweat", and Savuka is based on the Zulu word for "we have risen" or "we have awakened".

His song "Scatterlings of Africa" was featured on the soundtrack
Soundtrack
A soundtrack can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film or TV show; or the physical area of a film that contains the...

 to the 1988 Oscar winning film
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...

, Rain Man
Rain Man
Rain Man is a 1988 drama film written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass and directed by Barry Levinson. It tells the story of an abrasive and selfish yuppie, Charlie Babbitt, who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeathed all of his multimillion-dollar estate to his other son,...

. The track gave him his only entry in the UK Singles Chart
UK Singles Chart
The UK Singles Chart is compiled by The Official Charts Company on behalf of the British record-industry. The full chart contains the top selling 200 singles in the United Kingdom based upon combined record sales and download numbers, though some media outlets only list the Top 40 or the Top 75 ...

 to date, reaching #75 in May 1987.

Savuka's song "Dela" was featured on the soundtrack of the 1997 film George of the Jungle
George of the Jungle (film)
George of the Jungle is a 1997 live-action, family-oriented, romantic-adventure-comedy film based on the characters from the original cartoon of the same name. The film was produced by Walt Disney Pictures with Mandeville Films and originally released to movie theatres on July 16, 1997...

and its 2003 sequel, while "Great Heart" was the title song for the 1992 film Jock of the Bushveld
Jock of the Bushveld
Jock of the Bushveld is a true story by South African author Sir James Percy Fitzpatrick. The book tells of Fitzpatrick's travels with his dog, Jock, a Staffordshire Bull Terrier, during the 1880s, when he worked as a storeman, prospector's assistant, journalist and ox-wagon transport-rider in the...

. "Cruel, Crazy, Beautiful World" was featured in the 1990 film Opportunity Knocks
Opportunity Knocks (film)
Opportunity Knocks is a 1990 comedy film starring Dana Carvey. It was directed by Donald Petrie.-Synopsis:Con men Eddie Farrel and Lou Pesquino need cash fast and pretend to be repair men sent to fix a gas leak. The con fails, but they escape.Eddie and Lou find an empty house that they decide to...

and 1991 film Career Opportunities
Career Opportunities (film)
Career Opportunities is a 1991 American romantic comedy film starring Frank Whaley in his first lead role and co-starred Jennifer Connelly in one of her first. It was written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Bryan Gordon.-Plot:...

. "Great Heart" was also the end credits song for the 2000 Disney movie Whispers: An Elephant's Tale. Jimmy Buffett
Jimmy Buffett
James William "Jimmy" Buffett is a singer-songwriter, author, entrepreneur, and film producer. He is best known for his music, which often portrays an "island escapism" lifestyle. Together with his Coral Reefer Band, Buffett's musical hits include "Margaritaville" , and "Come Monday"...

 recorded "Great Heart" for his 1988 album Hot Water. In 2002 Clegg provided several songs and incidental background music for Jane Goodall
Jane Goodall
Dame Jane Morris Goodall, DBE , is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National...

's "Wild Chimpanzees" DVD. Included in the extras on the disc are rare scenes of Clegg in the recording studio.

He co-wrote Diggah Tunnah with Lebo M. for Disney's 2004 direct-to-video animated film The Lion King 1½
The Lion King 1½
The Lion King 1½ is a 2004 American direct-to-video animated film released by Buena Vista Home Entertainment on February 10, 2004. The film is the third installment in the Lion King series. The DVD went to the Disney Vault in January 2005...

.

Clegg and his band often make an international tour during May–August (South African winter). However, the tours are usually limited to France and surrounding countries. In June 2004, Johnny Clegg toured North America for the first time in over eight years, doing 22 concerts in one month. Even though they had no albums for sale in North America during those eight years, and no significant media coverage, they filled most of their venues.

Clegg returned to North America with his band in July 2005, with dates booked throughout the U.S. and Canada. His new album One Life was remixed at Real World Studios
Real World Studios
Real World Studios is a residential recording studio in Box, Wiltshire, England associated with the Real World Records Ltd. record label founded by rock musician Peter Gabriel...

 in Bath, England, and released on October 30, 2006 in the UK.

In 2008 Clegg's son, Jesse Clegg
Jesse Clegg
Jesse Clegg is a singer-songwriter from South Africa, and the son of the musician Johnny Clegg.-Early life:Clegg was born in Johannesburg in 1988. By the time he was six months old he was on tour with his father, and between 1988 and 1994 he spent at least 5 months a year on the road...

, displaying a style markedly different from that of his father, released his debut album called "When I Wake Up". As a rock musician the younger Clegg has quickly built up a following, with the album being nominated for two South African Music Awards.

Clegg will tour Europe and North America in 2011. He has also announced that he will play in Western Sahara city of Dakhla, which has caused a campaign of rejection, as that concert is considered as a support for Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara.

Recognition

  • Clegg was awarded the Chevalier des Arts et Lettres (Knight of Arts and Letters)
    Légion d'honneur
    The Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...

     by the French Government
    Government of France
    The government of the French Republic is a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the fifth Republic. The nation declares itself to be an "indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic"...

     in 1991.
  • In 2004, he was voted 23rd in the SABC3's Great South Africans
    SABC3's Great South Africans
    Great South Africans was a South African television series that aired on SABC3 and hosted by Noeleen Maholwana Sangqu and Denis Beckett. In September 2004, thousands of South Africans took part in an informal nationwide poll to determine the "100 Greatest South Africans" of all time...

    .
  • In 2007, Clegg received an honorary doctorate
    Honorary degree
    An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa is an academic degree for which a university has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, study, and the passing of examinations...

     in music from the University of the Witwatersrand
    University of the Witwatersrand
    The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg is a South African university situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. It is more commonly known as Wits University...

    .

Albums

Studio albums
  • 1977: World Network 9 (Duo Juluka / Ladysmith Black Mambazo
    Ladysmith Black Mambazo
    Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a male choral group from South Africa that sings in the vocal styles of isicathamiya and mbube. They rose to worldwide prominence as a result of singing with Paul Simon on his album, Graceland and have won multiple awards, including three Grammy Awards...

    , released 1992)
  • 1979: Universal Men
    Universal Men
    Universal Men is the debut album from Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. It was first released in 1979 and has acquired the status of a classic album in the history of South African music....

    (Juluka)
  • 1981: African Litany
    African Litany
    African Litany is the second studio album from South African band Juluka, released in 1981. It features lyrics sung in English and zulu....

    (Juluka)
  • 1982: Ubuhle Bemvelo
    Ubuhle Bemvelo
    Ubuhle Bemvelo is a studio album from Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. It was first released in 1982.The title means something like 'beauty of nature'.- Track listing :# Umfazi omdala 3'30# Dumazile 3'40...

    (Juluka)
  • 1982: Scatterlings of Africa
    Scatterlings
    Scatterlings is a studio album from Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. It was first released in 1982."Scatterlings of Africa", arguably the band's biggest hit , is featured on this album, lending it part of its name.-Personnel:* Johnny...

    (Juluka)
  • 1983: Work For All
    Work for All
    Work For All is a studio album from Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. It was first released in 1983 and rapidly achieved major success in South Africa where it is now remembered as a classic album in the history of South African music.While Clegg is known for the...

    (Juluka)
  • 1984: Stand Your Ground
    Stand Your Ground (Juluka)
    Stand Your Ground is a 1984 album by Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. The cover is the same as The International Tracks and the track listing shares four tracks with that album . The other six tracks are from the previously released 1983 album Work For All...

    (Juluka)
  • 1984: Musa Ukungilandela
    Musa Ukungilandela
    Musa Ukungilandela is a studio album from Juluka, a South African band led by England-born Johnny Clegg and the Zulu Sipho Mchunu.It was produced by Hilton Rosenthal and released in 1984, at a time when South Africa was under apartheid, which banned inter-racial bands...

    (Juluka)
  • 1984: The International Tracks
    The International Tracks
    The International Tracks is a 1984 album collecting various singles and remixed tracks by Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. The songs on this album had all been previously released internationally but not in South Africa; hence the title...

    (Juluka)
  • 1985: Third World Child (solo version) (Johnny Clegg)
  • 1987: Third World Child (Savuka)
  • 1988: Shadow Man
    Shadow Man (album)
    Shadow Man is a studio album from South African artist Johnny Clegg and his band Savuka.It was released in 1988 and produced by Hilton Rosenthal. While the apartheid was still in place some of the songs contained heavy political messages aimed at the regime. The lyrics were mainly sung in English,...

    (Savuka)
  • 1990: Cruel, Crazy Beautiful World
    Cruel, Crazy Beautiful World
    Cruel, Crazy Beautiful World is a studio album from South African artist Johnny Clegg and his band Savuka.Released in 1989 and produced by Hilton Rosenthal and Bobby Summerfield, it is today recognized as probably the band's greatest album, containing hits such "Dela" and "Cruel, Crazy Beautiful...

    (Savuka)
  • 1991: Scatterlings of Africa (re-recording by Savuka)
  • 1993: Heat, Dust and Dreams
    Heat, Dust and Dreams
    Heat, Dust And Dreams is a studio album by South African artist Johnny Clegg and his band Savuka, released in 1993, produced by Hilton Rosenthal, co-produced by Bobby Summerfield. The album received a 1993 Grammy Award nomination for Best World Music Album.....

    (Savuka)
  • 1997: Crocodile Love / Ya Vuka Inkunzi
    Crocodile Love
    Crocodile Love is a studio album from Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. It was first released in 1997. It was entitled Ya Vuka Inkunzi - The Bull has Risen in South Africa.- Track listing :...

    (Juluka)
  • 1998: Le Rock Zoulou de Johnny Clegg & Sipho Mchunu
  • 2002: New World Survivor (Johnny Clegg)
  • 2006: Heart of the Dancer (Johnny Clegg)
  • 2006: One Life (Johnny Clegg)
  • 2010: Human (Johnny Clegg)


Live albums
  • 1986: The Good Hope Concerts
    The Good Hope Concerts
    The Good Hope Concerts is a live album from Juluka, a South African band led by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. It was first released in 1986. It was recorded at the Good Hope Centre in Cape Town...

  • 1994: Live And Rarities (Savuka)
  • 2003: A South African Story - Live At The Nelson Mandela Theatre (Johnny Clegg)
  • 2003: Best of Live
    Best of Live (Johnny Clegg)
    Best of Live is a live album from South African artist Johnny Clegg.The performance took place in September 2003 at the Nelson Mandela Theatre, in an event called Johnny Clegg - a South African story, a unique, audio-visual and auto-biographical show...

    (Johnny Clegg)


DVD
  • 2003: Live! and more...
  • 2006: Johnny Clegg Live at the Nelson Mandela Theatre
  • 2010: Johnny Clegg 30th Anniversary Concert at Emmarentia Dam (in production)


Soundtracks
  • 1992: The Power of One
    The Power of One
    The Power of One is a novel by Bryce Courtenay, first published in 1989. Set in South Africa during the 1930s and 1940s, it tells the story of an Anglo-African boy who, through the course of the story, acquires the nickname of Peekay. The Power of One is a novel by Bryce Courtenay, first published...

    (Johnny Clegg)

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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