Jonquerets-de-Livet
Encyclopedia
Les Jonquerets-de-Livet is a commune
in the Eure
department in Haute-Normandie
, France
. It incorporates the village of Livet-en-Ouche, once known simply as Livet.
For "L'ivet" with article agglutination
. (Northern) French if (Yew-tree
) and suffixe -etu(m) > -ey / -oy /-ay > -aie, used to mean "collection of trees", so that Livet means "yew grove" (l'ivaie in modern French).
The qualificative of the former name -en-Ouche, means "in the Pays d'Ouche
", a traditional region of Normandy, to make the difference with other Livets, like Livet-sur-Authou
.
In 1845, the commune was incorporated in a new one, together with Les Jonquerets (Les Junchereiz 1209 "The brooms
place"), called Les Jonquerets de Livet.
, located a scant four miles from Jonquerets-de-Livet), originated in Livet-en-Ouche. Descendants of one branch of this family became the Marquis
es of Barville
in France (de Livet de Barville).
The Norman French branch of the de Livet family counts among its members early knights (chevalier
s), church officials (including Guillaume de Livet, a judge at the trial of Joan of Arc
), Canon
of Rouen
Robert de Livet (who excommunicated King Henry V of England
during his siege of Rouen, after which de Livet was imprisoned for five years in England
) chevalier
banneret Jean de Livet (standard bearer to King Philip II of France
in 1215) and early Crusaders
. Many de Livet family members were associated with the Knights Hospitallers, a medieval chivalric order originally founded to protect pilgrims to the Holy Land
.
The de Livets were among the ancient noble families (noblesse ancienne, or Noblesse d'épée) of France. The family's name appears in the earliest records of Normandy. One branch of the family later became the Marquis de Livet de Barville. Another branch was named the hereditary controllers of the rivers and waterways of Normandy in the thirteenth century, reflected in the use of an anchor on that branch of the family's French coat of arms
. The family traditionally bore as their coat of arms three molettes d'or (gold) on a blue (azure) background.
Another branch of the family settled at Arentot in Ourville (now Arantot, hamlet at Ourville-en-Caux
). Georges de Livet, a member of this branch of the de Livet family, was killed at the battle of Agincourt
in 1415. The last member of this branch of the family, who died without descendants, was comte
Constantin Augustin Robert de Lyvet, mayor
of Ourville, who died in 1924.
During the Norman Conquest of England, a branch of the de Livet family followed the de Ferrers
(later the Earls of Derby
) to England, along with the Curzons (Notre-Dame-de-Courson
) and the Baskervilles (Basqueville, now Bacqueville-en-Caux
), who were also under-tenants of the old Ferrieres fiefdom in Normandy. The name of this branch of the de Livet family was anglicized into the name Levett
, Levet, Lyvet, Livett, Leavett and its variants.
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Eure
Eure
Eure is a department in the north of France named after the river Eure.- History :Eure is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790...
department in Haute-Normandie
Haute-Normandie
Upper Normandy is one of the 27 regions of France. It was created in 1984 from two départements: Seine-Maritime and Eure, when Normandy was divided into Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy. This division continues to provoke controversy, and some continue to call for reuniting the two regions...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. It incorporates the village of Livet-en-Ouche, once known simply as Livet.
Etymology
Mentioned as Lived in 11th Century.For "L'ivet" with article agglutination
Agglutination
In contemporary linguistics, agglutination usually refers to the kind of morphological derivation in which there is a one-to-one correspondence between affixes and syntactical categories. Languages that use agglutination widely are called agglutinative languages...
. (Northern) French if (Yew-tree
Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata is a conifer native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia. It is the tree originally known as yew, though with other related trees becoming known, it may be now known as the English yew, or European yew.-Description:It is a small-...
) and suffixe -etu(m) > -ey / -oy /-ay > -aie, used to mean "collection of trees", so that Livet means "yew grove" (l'ivaie in modern French).
The qualificative of the former name -en-Ouche, means "in the Pays d'Ouche
Pays d'Ouche
The Pays d'Ouche is an historical and geographical region in Normandy. It extends from the southwest of Évreux up to Bernay and Beaumont-le-Roger as a northern limit, and down to L'Aigle and to Gacé in the south....
", a traditional region of Normandy, to make the difference with other Livets, like Livet-sur-Authou
Livet-sur-Authou
Livet-sur-Authou is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
.
In 1845, the commune was incorporated in a new one, together with Les Jonquerets (Les Junchereiz 1209 "The brooms
Broom (shrub)
Brooms are a group of evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the legume family Fabaceae, mainly in the three genera Chamaecytisus, Cytisus and Genista, but also in many other small genera . All genera in this group are from the tribe Genisteae...
place"), called Les Jonquerets de Livet.
History
The de Livet family, feudal under-tenants of the barony of the de Ferrières family (centered on that family's seat at Ferrières-Saint-HilaireFerrières-Saint-Hilaire
Ferrières-Saint-Hilaire is a commune in the department in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:-Personalities:...
, located a scant four miles from Jonquerets-de-Livet), originated in Livet-en-Ouche. Descendants of one branch of this family became the Marquis
Marquis
Marquis is a French and Scottish title of nobility. The English equivalent is Marquess, while in German, it is Markgraf.It may also refer to:Persons:...
es of Barville
Barville, Eure
Barville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-External links:* * * * **...
in France (de Livet de Barville).
The Norman French branch of the de Livet family counts among its members early knights (chevalier
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
s), church officials (including Guillaume de Livet, a judge at the trial of Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc
Saint Joan of Arc, nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" , is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France who claimed divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the...
), Canon
Canon (priest)
A canon is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule ....
of Rouen
Rouen
Rouen , in northern France on the River Seine, is the capital of the Haute-Normandie region and the historic capital city of Normandy. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe , it was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy in the Middle Ages...
Robert de Livet (who excommunicated King Henry V of England
Henry V of England
Henry V was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 35 in 1422. He was the second monarch belonging to the House of Lancaster....
during his siege of Rouen, after which de Livet was imprisoned for five years in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
) chevalier
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
banneret Jean de Livet (standard bearer to King Philip II of France
Philip II of France
Philip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 until his death. A member of the House of Capet, Philip Augustus was born at Gonesse in the Val-d'Oise, the son of Louis VII and his third wife, Adela of Champagne...
in 1215) and early Crusaders
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...
. Many de Livet family members were associated with the Knights Hospitallers, a medieval chivalric order originally founded to protect pilgrims to the Holy Land
Holy Land
The Holy Land is a term which in Judaism refers to the Kingdom of Israel as defined in the Tanakh. For Jews, the Land's identifiction of being Holy is defined in Judaism by its differentiation from other lands by virtue of the practice of Judaism often possible only in the Land of Israel...
.
The de Livets were among the ancient noble families (noblesse ancienne, or Noblesse d'épée) of France. The family's name appears in the earliest records of Normandy. One branch of the family later became the Marquis de Livet de Barville. Another branch was named the hereditary controllers of the rivers and waterways of Normandy in the thirteenth century, reflected in the use of an anchor on that branch of the family's French coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
. The family traditionally bore as their coat of arms three molettes d'or (gold) on a blue (azure) background.
Another branch of the family settled at Arentot in Ourville (now Arantot, hamlet at Ourville-en-Caux
Ourville-en-Caux
Ourville-en-Caux is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village with a little light industry, in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D5, D50, D28 and...
). Georges de Livet, a member of this branch of the de Livet family, was killed at the battle of Agincourt
Battle of Agincourt
The Battle of Agincourt was a major English victory against a numerically superior French army in the Hundred Years' War. The battle occurred on Friday, 25 October 1415 , near modern-day Azincourt, in northern France...
in 1415. The last member of this branch of the family, who died without descendants, was comte
Comte
Comte is a title of Catalan, Occitan and French nobility. In the English language, the title is equivalent to count, a rank in several European nobilities. The corresponding rank in England is earl...
Constantin Augustin Robert de Lyvet, mayor
Mayor
In many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of Ourville, who died in 1924.
During the Norman Conquest of England, a branch of the de Livet family followed the de Ferrers
Henry de Ferrers
Henry de Ferrers was a Norman soldier from a noble family who took part in the conquest of England and is believed to have fought at the Battle of Hastings of 1066 and, in consequence, was rewarded with much land in the subdued nation.His elder brother William fell in the battle. William and Henri...
(later the Earls of Derby
Earl of Derby
Earl of Derby is a title in the Peerage of England. The title was first adopted by Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby under a creation of 1139. It continued with the Ferrers family until the 6th Earl forfeited his property toward the end of the reign of Henry III and died in 1279...
) to England, along with the Curzons (Notre-Dame-de-Courson
Notre-Dame-de-Courson
-Twin towns:Notre-Dame-de-Courson is twinned with the town of Sampford Peverell in Devon, England.-References:*...
) and the Baskervilles (Basqueville, now Bacqueville-en-Caux
Bacqueville-en-Caux
Bacqueville-en-Caux is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village in the valley of the Vienne river, in the Pays de Caux, situated some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D149 and D23...
), who were also under-tenants of the old Ferrieres fiefdom in Normandy. The name of this branch of the de Livet family was anglicized into the name Levett
Levett
Levett is an Anglo-Norman territorial surname deriving from the village of Livet-en-Ouche, now Jonquerets-de-Livet, in Eure, Normandy. Ancestors of the earliest Levett family in England, the de Livets were lords of the village of Livet, and undertenants of the de Ferrers, among the most powerful of...
, Levet, Lyvet, Livett, Leavett and its variants.
Population
Sights
- Thousand year old yew-tree in the former Churchyard, near the destroyed Saint-Martin church in the hamlet Livet. Statue of Saint Martin near the old yew. The church was demolished around 1835.
- 16th-century gothic Notre-Dame church in Les Jonquerets. Chancel rebuilt in the 19 th c.
- Half-timbered manor, 16 th and 18 th century.
- Presshouse 17 th century (see above).
See also
- Communes of the Eure department
- de Livet de Barville, en francais