Joseph Collett
Encyclopedia
Joseph Collett was a British administrator in service of the British East India Company
. He served as the Governor of Bencoolen from 1712 to 1717 and as the President of Madras from 1717 to 1720. He constructed Hertford Castle in England and stood for election to the British Parliament.
after Mary's death in 1710 and was appointed Deputy-Governor of Sumatra
. In 1711, while sailing to Rio de Janeiro
, his ship Jane was captured by the French
. However, he secured his release after paying a huge ransom.
In 1714, Collett moved his residence to the newly constructed Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra. Collett was appointed President of Madras in 1716 and took office on January 8, 1717.
During his tenure as the Governor of Bencoolen, Collett is believed to have made the infamous remark on the rajas of Indonesia
:
was celebrated with an elaborate ceremony. As per the terms of the firman, the Presidency of Madras occpied Divy Island off the coast of Masulipatnam.
Meanwhile, the British once again sought the Nawab of the Carnatic
demanding that he hand over the village of Tiruvottiyur
under his occupation to the British as per the Imperial firman issued by the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar. However, the Nawab refused to yield stating that he had no faith in the words of the President as he had not seen the provisions of the firman. However, a compromise was agreed upon and the President wrote back informing the Nawab that he intended to take over Tiruvottiyur by September 23, 1717. In return, he promised to gift the Nawab 500 pagodas and a piece of fine scarlet cloth and 200 pagodas to his son-in-law Dakha Roy. On September 23, as per the plan, Collett travelled to Tiruvottiyur and took possession of the place apart from two other villages. But, on September 29, the Nawab's representative at Poonamallee
blockaded the road to Fort St George
advising the British that the Nawab would not accept anything less than 1,000 pagodas in return for Tiruvottiyur. Fresh threats soon arose to the British occupation of Divy Island. Struck by financial crisis, Collett decided to rent five villages obtained by the firman at the rate of 1,200 per annum each for 12 years.
Enraged when the demands were not met, on October 18, Dayaram, the Head Renter of the territory who waS subordinate to the Nawab of Carnatic, marched to Tiruvottiyur with an army of 250 horse and 1000 foot, removed the British flag and took possession of the village. A consultation was held according to which the members of the Board pressed the President to remove Dayaram and his troops by force.
On the 19th of October, Lieutenant John Roach marched into Tiruvottiyur at the head of 150 men and drove away Dayaram and his men. Dayaram's men resisted but ROach inflicted a crushing defeat upon them and pursued them in their flight to the plains surrounding Madras. A fresh body of 500 men were sent by the Nawab to attack the Company's troops from the north. But Lieutenant Roach and his men were saved by the arrival of timely reinforcements from Madras. Lieutenant Fullerton arrived on the scene with 100 men and the combined forces defeated Dayaram and pursued the fleeing troops up to Sattangodu. Their mission accomplished, the Company troops made a quick retreat to Fort St George.
When Lieutenant Roach arrived at Madras, the Muslim inhabitants of the town rose in rebellion against the British. After a battle lasting six hours, the forces of the Carnatic and supporters of the Nawab were flushed out from the city and its environs.This was an overwhelming victory for the heavily outnumbered forces of the British East India Company against a much superior power. Lieutenant Roach who had commanded the operations in Fort St David
as well as Tiruvottiyur was rewarded with increase of pay.
The Nawab proposed peace to the President and accordingly, on the 15th of December 1718, peace was concluded between the Nawab of the Carnatic and the British East India Company. Collett agreed to pay 2,000 pagodas to the Nawab and 1,000 pagodas to Dakhna Roy in return for the outlying villages.
Since the conclusion of peace, cordial relations existed between the Nawab of Carnatic and the British East India Company. When Dakhna Roy, the Prime Miniser to the Nawab visited Madras in February 1719, he was given a grand reception and was allotted a fine house in Black Town for his stay.
In November 1719, Collett issued a proclamation changing tax laws on the registration of land and slaves. In the very same month, registration of all houses and gardens in Black Town were made compulsory by another proclamation. However, when the extreme poor complained to the President regarding their inability to pay such high rates for registration, Collett issued an amendment by which all houses valued at less than 50 pagodas were exempted from taxation.
Collett founded a new colony for weavers and painters of cloth near Tiruvottiyur. This village was called Collettpettah in his honor. According to a report submitted by Collett to the Directors on December 28, 1719, the hamlet had a population of 489 inhabiting 105 houses.
In October 1719, Joseph Collett proposed to resign and return to England expressing his inability to bear the harsh clime of the city during the previous month. He proposed the name of Francis Hastings of Fort St David as successor but the Directors chose Nathaniel Elwick instead. Accordingly, , Collett resigned and almost immediately set out for England. He was replaced with Nathaniel Elwick.
He died in 1725 leaving fifty pounds each to Joseph Burroughs and Isaac Kimber. The self-penned inscription on his tomb in Bunhill Fields reveals his semi-Arian sympathies in the phrase: "The gift of the only and only supreme God the Father, by the ministration of His Son Jesus Christ".
British East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
. He served as the Governor of Bencoolen from 1712 to 1717 and as the President of Madras from 1717 to 1720. He constructed Hertford Castle in England and stood for election to the British Parliament.
Early life
Joseph Collett was born in 1673 in England to glover John Collett(1642–1698) and Mary Holloway. He married Mary Ross at a young age. He joined the British East India CompanyBritish East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
after Mary's death in 1710 and was appointed Deputy-Governor of Sumatra
Sumatra
Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the sixth largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 with a population of 50,365,538...
. In 1711, while sailing to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, his ship Jane was captured by the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. However, he secured his release after paying a huge ransom.
As Governor of Bencoolen
On September 1, 1712, Collett arrived at York Fort in Bencoolen in Sumatra and was subsequently appointed Governor. He built a new fort and restored order in war-ridden Sumatra.In 1714, Collett moved his residence to the newly constructed Fort Marlborough on the west coast of Sumatra. Collett was appointed President of Madras in 1716 and took office on January 8, 1717.
During his tenure as the Governor of Bencoolen, Collett is believed to have made the infamous remark on the rajas of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
:
Caste Conflicts
Immediately after his assumption of the Presidential chair, Collett was entrusted with the responsibility of tackling a irksome situation. The last days of Harrison's Presidency had seen some intense communal clashes between the Komatis and the Chetties . A settlement had been reached but the terms of the settlement weren't kept and the Chetties deserted the British and moved out of Madras in large numbers. When Collett took over as President, he was faced with the task of curbing the exodus. Accoridingly, he ordered that the belongings of the deserted Chetties be confiscated. At the same time, he issued a proclamation which forbade individuals from the left-hand castes to worship in temples belonging to those of the right-hand castes and thopse from the right-hand castes in temples belonging to the left-hand castes.Farrukh Siyar's firman and Hostilities with Carnatic
On July 24, 1717, the issue of a firman in the name of the British East India CompanyBritish East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
was celebrated with an elaborate ceremony. As per the terms of the firman, the Presidency of Madras occpied Divy Island off the coast of Masulipatnam.
Meanwhile, the British once again sought the Nawab of the Carnatic
Nawab of the Carnatic
Nawabs of the Carnatic , ruled the Carnatic region of South India between about 1690 and 1801. They initially had their capital at Arcot,vellore city...
demanding that he hand over the village of Tiruvottiyur
Tiruvottiyur
Tiruvottiyur is located within the city premises of Chennai. It is located to the north of Chennai. Due to its proximity to Parrys and Chennai Central, it is fast becoming a sought after residential destination...
under his occupation to the British as per the Imperial firman issued by the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar. However, the Nawab refused to yield stating that he had no faith in the words of the President as he had not seen the provisions of the firman. However, a compromise was agreed upon and the President wrote back informing the Nawab that he intended to take over Tiruvottiyur by September 23, 1717. In return, he promised to gift the Nawab 500 pagodas and a piece of fine scarlet cloth and 200 pagodas to his son-in-law Dakha Roy. On September 23, as per the plan, Collett travelled to Tiruvottiyur and took possession of the place apart from two other villages. But, on September 29, the Nawab's representative at Poonamallee
Poonamallee
Poonamallee is a town in the Poonamallee taluk of the Thiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu...
blockaded the road to Fort St George
Fort St George
Fort St George is the name of the first English fortress in India, founded in 1639 at the coastal city of Madras, the modern city of Chennai. The construction of the Fort provided the impetus for further settlements and trading activity, in what was originally a no man's land...
advising the British that the Nawab would not accept anything less than 1,000 pagodas in return for Tiruvottiyur. Fresh threats soon arose to the British occupation of Divy Island. Struck by financial crisis, Collett decided to rent five villages obtained by the firman at the rate of 1,200 per annum each for 12 years.
Enraged when the demands were not met, on October 18, Dayaram, the Head Renter of the territory who waS subordinate to the Nawab of Carnatic, marched to Tiruvottiyur with an army of 250 horse and 1000 foot, removed the British flag and took possession of the village. A consultation was held according to which the members of the Board pressed the President to remove Dayaram and his troops by force.
On the 19th of October, Lieutenant John Roach marched into Tiruvottiyur at the head of 150 men and drove away Dayaram and his men. Dayaram's men resisted but ROach inflicted a crushing defeat upon them and pursued them in their flight to the plains surrounding Madras. A fresh body of 500 men were sent by the Nawab to attack the Company's troops from the north. But Lieutenant Roach and his men were saved by the arrival of timely reinforcements from Madras. Lieutenant Fullerton arrived on the scene with 100 men and the combined forces defeated Dayaram and pursued the fleeing troops up to Sattangodu. Their mission accomplished, the Company troops made a quick retreat to Fort St George.
When Lieutenant Roach arrived at Madras, the Muslim inhabitants of the town rose in rebellion against the British. After a battle lasting six hours, the forces of the Carnatic and supporters of the Nawab were flushed out from the city and its environs.This was an overwhelming victory for the heavily outnumbered forces of the British East India Company against a much superior power. Lieutenant Roach who had commanded the operations in Fort St David
Fort St David
Fort St. David was a British fort near the town of Cuddalore, a hundred miles south of Madras on the Coromandel Coast of India.-History:It was bought from the Mahrattas by the British East India Company in 1690. Robert Clive served as the governor of Fort St David in 1756.The ruins of Fort St David...
as well as Tiruvottiyur was rewarded with increase of pay.
The Nawab proposed peace to the President and accordingly, on the 15th of December 1718, peace was concluded between the Nawab of the Carnatic and the British East India Company. Collett agreed to pay 2,000 pagodas to the Nawab and 1,000 pagodas to Dakhna Roy in return for the outlying villages.
Since the conclusion of peace, cordial relations existed between the Nawab of Carnatic and the British East India Company. When Dakhna Roy, the Prime Miniser to the Nawab visited Madras in February 1719, he was given a grand reception and was allotted a fine house in Black Town for his stay.
Reforms and Proclamations
On May 27, 1717, a proposal for the inauguration of two Charity schools for slaves of the English inhabitants of Madras, one in Black Town and another in White Town was approved by Collett. In April 1719, Joseph Collett issued a proclamation authorizing severe measures against Portuguese Roman Catholics of St. Thome marrying Protestants from Madras. On May 25, 1719, Collett recruited one George Foriano to translate Portuguese documents into English and vice versa makingn him the first translator in the Company's service at Madras. On July 9, 1719, the Honorable Court of Directors voted to reduce the garrison at Fort St George to 360 and the garrison at Fort St David to 340.In November 1719, Collett issued a proclamation changing tax laws on the registration of land and slaves. In the very same month, registration of all houses and gardens in Black Town were made compulsory by another proclamation. However, when the extreme poor complained to the President regarding their inability to pay such high rates for registration, Collett issued an amendment by which all houses valued at less than 50 pagodas were exempted from taxation.
Collett founded a new colony for weavers and painters of cloth near Tiruvottiyur. This village was called Collettpettah in his honor. According to a report submitted by Collett to the Directors on December 28, 1719, the hamlet had a population of 489 inhabiting 105 houses.
In October 1719, Joseph Collett proposed to resign and return to England expressing his inability to bear the harsh clime of the city during the previous month. He proposed the name of Francis Hastings of Fort St David as successor but the Directors chose Nathaniel Elwick instead. Accordingly, , Collett resigned and almost immediately set out for England. He was replaced with Nathaniel Elwick.
Later life
Collett made an enormous fortune as President of Madras. He returned to England on January 8, 1720 and settled at Hertford with his daughters Henreitta and Mary. In 1721, he transferred his membership to the Barbican church and stood for election to the British Parliament.He died in 1725 leaving fifty pounds each to Joseph Burroughs and Isaac Kimber. The self-penned inscription on his tomb in Bunhill Fields reveals his semi-Arian sympathies in the phrase: "The gift of the only and only supreme God the Father, by the ministration of His Son Jesus Christ".