Joseph Denman
Encyclopedia
Rear Admiral Joseph Denman (23 June 1810 – 26 November 1874) was a British naval officer, most noted for his actions against the slave trade as a commander of HMS Wanderer of the West Africa Squadron
.
, Lord Chief Justice and a noted abolitionist.
In 1834, Lieutenant Joseph Denman commanded a prize crew aboard the captured slave ship Maria da Gloria. He first sailed her to the Anglo-Brazilian court at Rio de Janeiro
, which declined jurisdiction on the grounds that the ship was Portuguese, not Brazilian. Denman then had to sail back across the Atlantic to the Anglo-Portuguese court in Sierra Leone. Seventy-eight of the 400 or so slaves on board died during the back-and-forth, which also severely debilitated the survivors. Denman later testified before parliament about this voyage, stating that he had “witnessed the most dreadful sufferings that human beings can endure.”
. On 12 May, Denman took the Josephina, a Portuguese schooner fitted for the slave trade, as a prize. On 3 June, he took the schooner
São Paolo de Loando as prize. On 9 June he took another schooner fitted for the slave trade, the Maria Rosaria. On 3 July he took the Pombinha, out of Havanah, and fitted for the slave trade; on 29 December 1842, a prize court awarded Wanderers crew a tonnage bounty and moiety of proceeds for Pombinha.
In 1840, while negotiating for the release of two Britons, Denman also negotiated a treaty abolishing the slave trade in the territory of the Gallinas, liberating 841 slaves. At the same time he destroyed the slave barracoons (large holding depots) on the banks of the river. The Admiralty initially praised his actions and promoted him to Captain in August 1841, and he left Wanderer on 23 August. Lord Palmerston stated, “Taking a wasp’s nest…is more effective than catching the wasps one by one.” However, the Spanish slavers sued him for damages. By 1842 the Admiralty had banned the anti-slavery squadron’s policy of blockading rivers and the destruction of property.
On his return to England, Denman was on half-pay, awaiting the outcome of the court case. He was active, writing a manual for the squadron, called Instructions for the Guidance of Her Majesty’s Naval Officers Employed in the Suppression of the Slave Trade, which was to be issued to every serving officer. Captain Joseph Denman has been described as one of the most successful and passionate officers to serve on the West Africa squadron and he has been credited with improving the efficiency of the squadron more than any other serving officer. In 1848 the court reached a final decision in the case Buron vs. Denman, finding in Denman's favour.
Denman ended his career as Rear Admiral in command of the Pacific station from 1864 until his retirement in April 1866. He died on 26 November 1874. His brother George Denman
was a politian and High Court judge.
and Denman Street, both in Vancouver.
West Africa Squadron
The Royal Navy established the West Africa Squadron at substantial expense in 1808 after Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act of 1807. The squadron's task was to suppress the Atlantic slave trade by patrolling the coast of West Africa...
.
Early Life
Denman was born on 23 June 1810, the son of Thomas Denman, 1st Baron DenmanThomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman
Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman PC KC was a British lawyer, judge and politician. He served as Lord Chief Justice between 1832 and 1850.-Background and education:Denman was born in London, the son of Dr Thomas Denman...
, Lord Chief Justice and a noted abolitionist.
Military Career
Joseph entered the Royal Navy on the 7th April 1823, and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1831 and commander in 1835.In 1834, Lieutenant Joseph Denman commanded a prize crew aboard the captured slave ship Maria da Gloria. He first sailed her to the Anglo-Brazilian court at Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, which declined jurisdiction on the grounds that the ship was Portuguese, not Brazilian. Denman then had to sail back across the Atlantic to the Anglo-Portuguese court in Sierra Leone. Seventy-eight of the 400 or so slaves on board died during the back-and-forth, which also severely debilitated the survivors. Denman later testified before parliament about this voyage, stating that he had “witnessed the most dreadful sufferings that human beings can endure.”
Suppressing the slave trade
In 1839 Denman took command of the West Africa Squadron’s brig-sloop, HMS Wanderer. On 5 April 1840, the Wanderers boats seized the American slaver Eliza Davidson, which was subsequently condemned in British and Spanish Mixed Court of Justice at Sierra LeoneSierra Leone
Sierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...
. On 12 May, Denman took the Josephina, a Portuguese schooner fitted for the slave trade, as a prize. On 3 June, he took the schooner
Schooner
A schooner is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts with the forward mast being no taller than the rear masts....
São Paolo de Loando as prize. On 9 June he took another schooner fitted for the slave trade, the Maria Rosaria. On 3 July he took the Pombinha, out of Havanah, and fitted for the slave trade; on 29 December 1842, a prize court awarded Wanderers crew a tonnage bounty and moiety of proceeds for Pombinha.
In 1840, while negotiating for the release of two Britons, Denman also negotiated a treaty abolishing the slave trade in the territory of the Gallinas, liberating 841 slaves. At the same time he destroyed the slave barracoons (large holding depots) on the banks of the river. The Admiralty initially praised his actions and promoted him to Captain in August 1841, and he left Wanderer on 23 August. Lord Palmerston stated, “Taking a wasp’s nest…is more effective than catching the wasps one by one.” However, the Spanish slavers sued him for damages. By 1842 the Admiralty had banned the anti-slavery squadron’s policy of blockading rivers and the destruction of property.
On his return to England, Denman was on half-pay, awaiting the outcome of the court case. He was active, writing a manual for the squadron, called Instructions for the Guidance of Her Majesty’s Naval Officers Employed in the Suppression of the Slave Trade, which was to be issued to every serving officer. Captain Joseph Denman has been described as one of the most successful and passionate officers to serve on the West Africa squadron and he has been credited with improving the efficiency of the squadron more than any other serving officer. In 1848 the court reached a final decision in the case Buron vs. Denman, finding in Denman's favour.
Later life and career
On 12 February 1844, he married Grace, youngest daughter of J. Watts Russell, of Ilam Hall, Staffordshire.Denman ended his career as Rear Admiral in command of the Pacific station from 1864 until his retirement in April 1866. He died on 26 November 1874. His brother George Denman
George Denman
The Honourable George Denman PC, QC was an English rower, barrister, Liberal politician and High Court judge....
was a politian and High Court judge.
Legacy
Denman Island, off the Coast of British Columbia, Canada, is named after him, as is Denman ArenaDenman Arena
Denman Arena was the main sports arena located in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. The arena was located on Denman Street in Vancouver's West End, at the northwest corner of West Georgia Street and Denman. It was built at a cost of $300,000 in 1911 and held 10,500 people, making it one of the...
and Denman Street, both in Vancouver.